英語閱讀材料

1、第六章 閱讀理解與閱讀技能2009-11-15 23:36:27| 分類： 我的世界 | 標簽： |字號大中小 訂閱第六章 閱讀理解與閱讀技能p249 （1）記敘文stephen hawking was born in 1942. hes a world famous scientist and expert on space and time. stephen is trying to find the answers to some very big questions, such as: how did the universe being?how will it end?斯蒂芬在 19

2、42 年出生。他是研究空間和時間領域的一位舉世聞名的科學家和專家。斯蒂芬設法發(fā)現(xiàn) 一些非常大問題的答案，例如：宇宙未來會怎樣？它會怎樣結(jié)束？stephen was a student at oxford university. he studied math and science. then, at the age oftwenty, he became very ill. he was so young, but the doctor said to his family, “he has only two years to live.” the doctors were wrong -h

3、e didnt die. he cant walk now but he uses a wheelchair. he talks with the help of a computer. after oxford, stephen went to cambridge university. three years later, in 1963,he became a doctor of philosophy.斯蒂芬曾經(jīng)是牛津大學的學生。他學習數(shù)學和科學。然而，在 20 歲時，他生病了。他是如此年輕， 但醫(yī)生告訴他的家人，“他只活兩年?！贬t(yī)生是錯誤的，他沒有死。他現(xiàn)在雖然不能走路，但他可以使用了

4、 輪椅。隨著計算機的幫助，他可以通過計算機舉行會談。牛津大學畢業(yè)后，斯蒂芬前往劍橋大學學習。3年后，在 1963 年，他成為哲學博士。because of his health problems, it was difficult for him to draw diagrams or to write. so he started to think in pictures. with this new way of thinking, he became one of the most famous scientists in theworld. in 1981, he met pope i

5、n rome. they talked about his ideas. then, in 1988, he wrote his first important book, a brief history of time. it sold more than 5.5 million copies in 33 different countries.由于他的健康問題，出圖或?qū)懽鲗τ谒呛茈y的。 因此他在圖片上開始思考。 這種新的思維方式， 使他在世界上成為了一位最著名的科學家。在 1981 年，他在羅馬遇見了教皇。他們談論了他的想法。然 后，在 1988 年他寫了他的第一本重要的書，時間的簡史。

6、 它在 33 個不同國家賣了超過 550 萬本。（2）說明文one type of solar collector is not very expensive. it is put on the roof of a building. it is usually put on the sunny side of the roof. the sun is most direct in this side, and the unit will collect more heat. the surface is black because black collects more heat from

7、the sun. inside, there are pipes with water. the top is a piece of glass. the sun shines through the glass and air inside. it heats the water that is alsoinside. a pump, a machine to move the water, starts when water is warm enough. then hot water goesinto a storage tank. this tank stores or keeps t

8、he hot water. then there is hot water to use for washingclothes or taking baths and showers.太陽能的集熱器是一種不是非常昂貴的類型設備。它在大廈的屋頂被投入使用。它通常放在屋頂?shù)?向陽面。 太陽是多數(shù)直接在這邊曬過來的，并且單位將收集更多熱。 太陽能的集熱器表面是黑的，因為 黑色從太陽收集更多熱到集熱器里面，在內(nèi)部，有水管道。最頂部是一塊玻璃。 太陽通過玻璃和空氣發(fā)光 里面。 它加熱也是里面的水。 當水是足夠，溫暖的泵浦，移動水的機器，起動。 然后熱水進入儲存箱。這輛坦克存放或保留熱水。然后，有熱水使用

9、洗衣服或洗澡和淋浴。（3）議論文there are two types of people in the world. although they have equal degree of health and wealth, one becomes happy and the other becomes unhappy. this arises from the different ways in which theyconsider things, persons, events and the resulting effects upon their minds.有二種類型的人生活在世界

10、上。 雖然他們有相等的程度健康和財富，但是仍然出現(xiàn)一個人變得愉 快，另一個人變得不快樂。這源自于他們認為事情有不同的方式，人員，事件和在他們頭腦中造成的影響。people who are happy fix their attention on the good side of tings: the pleasant parts ofconversation, the well prepared dishes, the goodness of the wine and the fine weather. they enjoy all the cheerful things. those who

11、 are to be happy think and speak only of the opposite things. therefore, theyare continually unhappy. they speak ill of the pleasure of society, hurt many people and make themselves disagreeable everywhere. if this turn of mind was founded in nature, such unhappy personswould be the more to be pitie

12、d. the intention of criticizing and being disliked is perhaps taken up by imitation. it grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors. the habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it realize its bad effects on their interests and tastes. i hope this little warning maybe of servic

13、e to them, and help them change this habit.人們把注意力放在快樂的事情好的一面:會話的愉悅,準備好菜,善良的酒和晴朗的天氣。他們享受所有 的快樂的事情。那些是誰的幸福認為，只有相反的事情發(fā)言。因此，他們不斷不滿。他們褒貶是社會的快 樂，傷害了很多人，使自己不愉快的地方。如果這樣的胸懷，又成立于自然，這種不愉快的人將是更值得 同情。批評的目的和不喜歡的也許是被占用的模仿。它長成一種習慣，我們不知它的擁有者。這個習慣可 能會較為強勁，但它可能被治愈當那些誰也實現(xiàn)了他們的興趣和口味的不良影響。我希望這個小小的警告可能的服務對他們，幫助他們改變這種習慣。alt

14、hough in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious results in life since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck. those people offend many other; nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect. this often puts them in bad temper and d

15、raws them into arguments. if they aim at getting some advantages in social position of fortune, nobody wishesthem success. nor will anybody starts a step or speak a word to favor their hopes. if they bring on themselves public objections, no one will defend or excuse them, and many will join to crit

16、icize theirwrongdoings. these should change this bad habit and be pleased with that is pleasing, without worrying needlessly about themselves and others. if they do not, it will be good for others to avoid any contact withthem. otherwise, it can be disagreeable, especially when one becomes mixed up

17、in their quarrels.雖然實際上它只是一個幻想，,但它會嚴重的結(jié)果,因為它會帶來人生的悲痛和壞運氣。那些人得罪了 許多其他人;沒有人喜歡他們,沒有人愿意對他們有最常見的禮貌和尊重。這常常使他們大動肝火而與他人爭 吵。如果他們的目標是獲得一些有優(yōu)勢的社會地位的財富,也沒有人希望他們的成功。任何人也不會啟動一 個步驟或者說一個字看好他們的希望。如果他們自己帶來的公眾反對的意見,沒人會為他們辯護,很多人加入 指責他們所犯的錯。這些應該改變壞習慣,那就是感到滿意,而不必無謂地擔心自己和他人。如果他們不這樣 做,那將有利于他人,以避免任何接觸。否則,它可以被討厭,特別是當一個人變得混淆在他

18、們之間的爭吵。p253例 1surtsey was born in 1963. scientists saw the birth of this island. it began at 7.30 a.m. on 14thnovember. a fishing boat was near iceland. the boat moved under the captains feet. he noticed a strange smell. he saw some black smoke. a volcano was breaking out. red-hot rocks, fire and sm

19、oke were rushing up form the bottom of the sea. the island grew quickly. it was 10 meters high the next dayand 60 meters high on 18th november. scientists flew there to watch. it was exciting. smoke and fire were still rushing up. pieces of red-hot rock were flying into the air and falling into the

20、sea. the sea was boiling and there was a strange light in the sky. surtsey grew and grew. then it stopped in june 1967. it was 175 meters high and 2 kilometers long. and life was already coming to surtsey. plants grew. birds came. some scientists built a house. they want to learn about this young is

21、land. a new island is like anew world.surtsey 1963 年出生的。科學家們看到這個島的誕生。它始于 11 月 14 日上午 7 點 30 分。一艘漁 船靠近冰島。船在船長的腳。他注意到一股怪味。他看到一些黑煙?；鹕奖l(fā)了。熾熱巖石、火、煙被沖 起來形成海底。島上的快速增長。它是 10 米高,次日 11 月 18 日長到 60 米高?？茖W家們飛往那里觀看。 這是令人振奮的。煙和火還跑。熾熱巖石片斷飛入空氣并且落入海。 海煮沸，并且在天空有奇怪的光。 surtsey 不停的增長。然后它在 1967 年 6 月長到 175 米高和 2 公里長的時候停止增

22、長。surtsey 迎來了新 的生命。植物生長。鳥兒來了。一些科學家在島上建了房子。他們想了解這個年輕的島嶼。一個新的島就像一個嶄新的世界。例 2tigers are found in many asian countries. in the forest and grasslands, a tiger is hard to see. the sunlight is shining through leaves and branches and makes patches of bright light and shadow. a tigers golden colored coat with

23、 its dark stripes is not easily seen for its hair is the same color as the blades ofyellowish grass and patches of deep shadow.老虎在許多亞洲國家被發(fā)現(xiàn)。在森林和草原，老虎是很難看到的。閃亮的陽光透過枝葉和利用了明亮的光線和陰影補丁。一只老虎的黃金色與深色條紋外套是不容易看到,它的頭發(fā)是一樣的黃色草深的陰影補丁的葉片顏色相同。this way of hiding itself is very important, because tigers are hunters.

24、if other animals could see a tiger coming, they would quickly run away. a tiger has very strong, sharp teeth which are used for seizing and eating the animal it catches. a tigers chief food are deer, wild pigs and other small animals, but it willalso kill cows. tigers usually hunt and eat at night,

25、and during the day they lie eating.這樣的隱藏自己是非常重要的,因為老虎是獵人。如果其他動物可以看見一只老虎來,他們很快就會跑 掉。老虎身上有非常強,鋒利的牙齒 ,是用來抓住和吃動物捕獲它。老虎的主要食物是鹿、野豬和其他小動物,但是它也會殺牛。老虎通常到晚上吃,躺臥著,吃著白天的獵物。p255例 1every year thousands of young people in england finish school and then take a year off before they start work or go to university. so

26、me young people go to other countries and work as volunteers.volunteers give their time to help people. for example, they woke in schools or hospitals, or they dosomething helpful for the environment.在他們開始工作或去大學之前，數(shù)以萬計青年人在英國每年完成學業(yè)然后需要一年的時間去做一些事情。有些年輕人去其他國家和做志愿者。利用義工時間去幫助別人。例如,他們在學校和醫(yī)院做義工,或者是他們做一些有益的

27、環(huán)境的事情。例 2dreams may be more important than sleep. some people dont need much sleep. but we all needto dream, scientists say.夢想可能是更為重要的睡眠。有些人并不需要太多的睡眠。但是，我們都需要夢想，科學家們說。dreams take up about one quarter of our sleeping time. people have dreams each night. dreamsare like short films. they are usually in

28、 color. some dreams are like old films. they come to us over and over again. that may be because dreamer is worrying about something. dreaming may be a way oftrying to find an answer.夢想約占了的睡眠時間的四分之一。人們每天晚上都做夢。夢像短片一樣。他們通常有顏色的。有 些夢想是像老電影。他們一遍又一遍找我們。這可能就是因為擔心才產(chǎn)生的夢。夢想可能是試圖尋找答案的一種方式。some people get new i

29、deas about their work from dreams. they could have been thinking abouttheir work all day. these thoughts can carry over into dreams.有些人對自己的工作有的新夢想。他們可能整天一直在想著他們工作。這些想法會延續(xù)到的夢想。p256例 1new york state has passed the usas first state law banning motorists talking on cell phones. the ban will begin on nov

30、ember 1, although drivers caught using cell phones will be given only warningduring the first month.紐約州已經(jīng)通過了美國的首次國事訪問法律，禁止駕駛者在駕駛的時候使用手機。禁令在 11 月 1 日 將開始實行，在第一個月期間，司機被發(fā)現(xiàn)使用手機將獲得警告。例 5british workers have the longest working week in europe, with 23vacation days-the shortestvacation. so they feel overwo

31、rked. 75% say their weekends of vacations are too short and 40% wouldsacrifice a days pay for one more vacation day.英國工作者有最長的工作周在歐洲，只有 23 天的假期，這最短的假期的。所以他們覺得勞累。75% 人說周末的假期太短了,40% 的人愿意犧牲一天的工資為假期的日子。p258例 1after a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest. sleep in necessary for good health. d

32、uring this time, the body recovers from the activities of the day. the rest that you get while sleepingmakes it possible for your body to prepare itself for the next day.忙碌了一天的工作和玩樂,身體需要休息。睡眠對身體健康的必要。在這時間，身體恢復當天的活動。 您得到是，其他在睡覺的時候,你也就可以使你的身體為第二天的活動做好準備。例 2we have always been interested in the moon. 2

33、,000 years ago people already knew it movedaround the earth and where it would be in the sky at different times of the year. at that time, everythingabout the moon was learned by watching it carefully in the sky.我們一直都對月亮很感興趣。兩千多年前的人已經(jīng)知道它是繞地球,而且知道它一年中將會在不同時 期出現(xiàn)在天空。那時,所有關于月球的學習都是來自對天空的仔細觀察。when scient

34、ists could use telescopes to study the moon more closely, their ideas began to change. they could see the moon was made of rocks. most scientists thought moon rocks would be different from those on earth. this was because they believed the moon had once been a planet that had caught in theearths gra

35、vity millions of years earlier.當科學家可能使用望遠鏡嚴密地學習月亮的時候，他們的想法開始改變。他們可以看到月亮上面的 巖石了。多數(shù)科學家想法月亮上面的巖石是與在地球上的巖石有些不同。 這是因為他們相信月亮，地球都曾經(jīng)是一個星球吸引在地球的引力早幾百萬年。in 1966 moon rocks were finally brought to the earth and studied. much to their surprise, scientists found that, except for water, the moon and the earth wer

36、e made of the same things. once again newideas were needed for this new information.1966 年，月球巖石終于帶到地球加以研究。另人意外的是，科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)，除水，月球和地球都是同樣的物質(zhì)。再次，再次新的想法是需要的對于這新的信息。after years of study, most scientists now think that the moon was once part of earth. they believe very early in its history, maybe 4 millions o

37、f years ago, something about the size of mars hit earth. this sent billions of rocks into space around our planet. these rocks slowly joined together and after manyyears became the moon. in the future, even though our ideas about the moon may change again, we willstill be interested in it.經(jīng)過多年的研究，現(xiàn)在

38、大多數(shù)科學家認為，月球曾經(jīng)是地球的一部分。他們認為，月亮擁有的歷史 非常早，也許 4 百萬年前，大約是火星大小的東西撞擊地球。這巖石進入太空發(fā)送十億左右我們的星球。 這些巖石慢慢加入一起多年后形成了月球。在未來，即使對于月球我們的想法可能會再次發(fā)生變化，我們?nèi)匀粫υ铝粮信d趣。p260 例 1as i was not experienced in cooking, i thought if a dozen was good, two dozen would be better, so i doubled everything. i had been defeated, i put the do

39、ugh in the rubbish bin outside so i wouldnt have to face doug laughing at my work, i dont know who was more embarrassed by the whole thing, dougor me.在廚藝方面我沒有經(jīng)驗,我認為如果煮一個的話還不如煮兩個,所以我翻了一番,煮了很多，結(jié)果，我失敗了,我把面團扔進外面的垃圾筒里,這樣我就不必面對嘲笑我的作品,整個事情我不知道道格和我之間誰更尷尬的。例 2why isnt your newspaper reporting any good news?

40、all i read about is murder, bribery, and death.frankly, im sick of all this bad news.你為什么不在報紙報道有什么好消息?所有我讀的是謀殺，行賄，甚至死亡。坦率地說，我已經(jīng)厭倦了這一切壞消息。p262同步聯(lián)系passage 1jack brown, an office worker, lives in washington. he inherited a million dollars when he was 23, but he wasnt happy at all. when his college frie

41、nds were looking for their jobs, he didnt have to. jack decided to live a simple life like everyone else. he gave $ 10,000 of his money to a charity to help poor children live a better life. today he is 36. he still wears cheap shoes and clothes and drives a small caronly but he is very happy.杰克 布朗是

42、一個上班族,住在華盛頓。當他 23 歲的時候, 他繼承了一百萬美元,但他并不感到幸福。 當他的大學朋友正在尋找自己的工作,但他并沒有去尋找工作。杰克決定像其他人一樣過簡單的生活。他給 了一萬美元錢給慈善事業(yè)幫助貧困兒童生活更美好的生活。今天,他是 36。他仍然穿便宜的鞋子和衣裳并且只駕駛一輛小汽車，但是他是非常愉快的。up to now jack has helped some children from poor countries all over the world, by sending them each $ 200 a mouth. the money was u sed for

43、the childrens study, food, medicine and clothing. jack receives a report each year on the childrens progress. they can write to each other, but usually thechildren do not speak english.截至目前杰克已經(jīng)幫助世界各地的一些貧困國家的兒童，每人發(fā)送 200 元。這筆錢是用于兒童的研 究，食品，藥品和衣物。杰克收到關于這些兒童每年的進度報告。他們可以寫信給對方，但是往往孩子不會說英語。when jack first h

44、eard about these children, he wanted to help them. “it was nothing special,” he said. “until i went to these countries and met the children i was helping, i didnt know anything about their life.” once jack went to meet a little girl in africa. he said that the meeting was very exciting. “when i meth

45、er, i felt very very happy,” he said. and i saw that the money used for a good cause. it brought mehappiness, i want to do everything i can to go on helpin g those children.”當杰克第一次聽說這些孩子，他想幫助他們。 “這是沒有什么特別，”他說?！爸钡轿胰ミ@些國家并且 遇見了我?guī)椭暮⒆?，我不知道關于他們的任何生活”。杰克在非洲去遇見一個小女孩。 他說會議是非常 扣人心弦的?！爱斘乙姷剿?，我感到非常非常高興，”他說。我又看見

46、那錢用于一個好的去處。它帶給我快樂,我要盡我所能去幫助那些孩子?！眕assage2on nov. 18th , 1908, three men went up in a balloon. they started early in london. the headman was augusta gaudron, and the other two men were tannar and maitland. they had a big balloon andthey were ready for a long way.在 1908 年 11 月 18 日，三名男子在一個上升氣球。他們的旅行開始

47、在倫敦。村長是奧古斯塔 gaudron ，另外兩名男子 tannar 和梅特蘭。他們有一個大氣球，且他們準備好長的路。soon they heard the sea. they were carrying the usual rope, and it was hanging down from the basket of the balloon. at the end of the rope they had tied a metal box. this could hold water, or it could be empty. so they were able to change it

48、s weigh. it was for use over the sea. they were also carryingsome bags of sand.很快他們聽見了海。他們帶著經(jīng)常用的繩索，它是從懸掛在氣球籃了。 在繩索的末端他們栓住金屬箱子。這可以保持水的,也可能是空的。因此，他們能夠改變其重量。它發(fā)揮作用在海的。他們還攜帶的袋沙子。after the sun rose, the balloon went higher. it went up to 3,000 meters, and the air was very cold. the water in the balloon be

49、came ice. snow fell past the mens basket, and they could see more snow on the ground. the men tried to throw out some more sand; but it was hard. they tried to break the icy sand with their knives, but it was not easy. the work was slow and they were still falling, so they had to dropsome whole bags

50、 of sand. one of them fell on an icy lake and made a black hole in the ice.太陽下山后,氣球就飛得更高。它走到 3000 米,空氣很冷。氣球里面的水結(jié)成了冰。雪落到他們的氣 球籃子，并且他們可能看在地面上的更多雪。這些人試圖拋棄一些沙子，但是很難。他們設法打破像他們 的刀子那樣冰冷的沙子,但它不是一件容易的事。這項工作進展緩慢，他們的氣球也仍在下降，所以他們不得不放棄一些沙子全包。他們中的一個跌倒了一個冰冷的湖，并且是一個冰的黑洞。at last they pulled the box into the basket.

51、it was still snowing; so they climbed to get away from thesnow. they rose to 5,100 meters! everything became icy. they were so cold that they decided to land.they came down in poland heavily but safely. they had travelled 1,797 kilometers from london!最后他們拉扯了箱子。雪仍然下; 如此他們上升得到遠離雪。 他們上升到 5,100 米! 一切變得冰

52、冷。 由于太冷了他們決定登陸。 他們雖然沉重，但是安全地在波蘭著陸了。 他們從倫敦離開到現(xiàn)在一共行走了的 1,797 公里!passage 3one of the easiest ways to keep fit is to do jogging : “ jogging is the name for a very gentle running,it is just a little faster than walking.”最簡單的方式，以保持身體健康就是做慢跑：“跑步是一個非常溫和的運行，它是只比走路快而已?！眘tart slow jog 20 meters, then walk 20 m

53、eters. little by little, if you are not feeling very tired, you may do more jogging and less walking. finally, jog the whole way. it will be easy for you to start joggingfor 15 minutes twice a week, slowly increase this to 20-30 minutes every day. the longer you join in jogging, the more you enjoy i

54、t and healthier you will become. some people like jogging alone, and others enjoy doing it with friends. jogging in groups make more people keener, because you just can not stay inbed while there is a group of friends waiting outside.開始緩慢慢跑 20 米，然后步行 20 米。一點點，如果你不感到非常疲倦，你可以做更多的慢跑，少 走路。最后，慢跑的整套方法。這將是

55、您輕松地開始慢跑 15 分鐘，每周兩次，慢慢提高至每天 20-30 分 鐘。你的越長時間參加跑步，你越喜歡，你會變得健康。有些人喜歡獨自慢跑的人，和其他人喜歡享受與 朋友一起慢跑。在慢跑團體人越多越激烈，因為你就不能留在床上，因為有一個團隊的朋友在外面等候。if you want to start jogging, prepare a pair of comfortable shoes and determined mind.如果你想開始慢跑，準備一雙舒適的鞋和堅定的態(tài)度。passage 4each year, we celebrate many holidays here in americ

56、a.每年，在美國我們有很多假日值得慶祝。on january 1, we celebrate the coming of a new year like many people in other countries. and we have another four holidays on the first day of a mouth: april fools day, may day, friendship day (aug. 1)and grandparents day (sep 1).1 月 1 日，像其他國家的許多人一樣我們慶祝新的一年即將到來。并且我們有另外的四個假日是在每 月的

57、第一天度過的：4 月 1 日愚人節(jié)，五一，友誼日（8 月 1 日），祖父母，外祖父母日（9 月 1 日）。the most important holiday for the young people comes in febru ary. it is valentines day. lots ofboys give red roses to girls as a present.青年人的最重要的假日在 2 月。 它是情人節(jié)。 許多男孩送紅色玫瑰給女孩作為禮物。people celebrate some holidays for theirs family members. we say thanks to our mother in may and celebrate fathers day in the following mouth. in november many people return home forthanksgiving day, so the whole family can stay together.人們有許多假日可以慶祝他們的家庭成員。 我們在 5 月說對我們的母親表示感謝并且慶祝下一個月 的父親節(jié)。 在 11 月許多人回家慶祝感恩節(jié)，因此全家能一起聚集。ther