初中語法知識梳理--動詞不定式

1、動 詞 不 定 式不定式：to + 動詞原形知識梳理：提綱挈領(lǐng)，抓住重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)！動詞不定式的基本形式是“to + 動詞原形”，有時可以不帶to。動詞不定式（或不定式短語）沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能作謂語。動詞不定式仍可保留動詞的特點(diǎn)，即可以有自己的賓語和狀語。動詞不定式同它的賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語。如：to read the newspaper, to speak at the meeting 等動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，因此在句子中可以作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語： 句法作用 例 句 作賓語She wanted to borrowed my radio.T

2、hey began to read and write. 作狀語She went to see her grandma last Sunday .He came to give us a talk yesterday.作賓語補(bǔ)足語Lucy asked him to turn off the radio.She asked me to speak more loudlyJim told Ling Feng to go home at once .The father made his son study hard. 作定語Have you got anything to say?I had so

3、mething to eat this morning .作主語To learn a foreign language is not easy.注：作主語用的動詞不定式常常為it替代，動詞不定式（或短語）放在后面。例如： It is not easy to learn a foreign language. It took us three days to do the work.動詞不定式的否定形式由“not+動詞不定式”構(gòu)成. 如:Tell him not to be late.The policeman told the boys not to play in the street.4)

4、 不定式省去to的情況: 在感官動詞see，watch，look at，hear， listen to，feel和使役動詞make，have，let等所接的賓語中（不定式做賓語不足語），不定式應(yīng)省去to。但是在被動語態(tài)中不能省。如：Let me listen to you sing the song.He watched his son play computer games.I saw him run away.-He was seen to run away.The boss make the workers work the whole night.-The workers were m

5、ade to work the whole night.5) 動詞不定式和疑問詞連用 動詞不定式可以和疑問詞what ,which, how, where, when 等連用，構(gòu)成不定式短語。如： The question is when to start. I dont know where to go . He showed me how to use a computer. What to do is a big problem.例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！翻譯下列句子，說出句中不定式的作用：1. To grow plants is very important.2. It is s

6、o nice to hear your voice.3. My dream is to be a pilot.4. He began to read and write at the age of five.5. The teacher asked me to speak more loudly.6. Tom came to see me last night.7. I am glad to see you.8.Have you got anything to say?9.There are many places to see in China.10.I asked him not to o

7、pen the window.11. I dont know what to buy for you.12. I saw him dance.13. He often helps me clean the room.14. They are too shy to speak English.15. He was lucky enough to find his watch.16. I want you to go there together with me.解析：1、To grow plants做主語；2、to hear your voice做主語；3、to be a pilot作表語；4、

8、to read and write作賓語；5、to speak more loudly作賓語補(bǔ)足語；6、to see me作狀語；7、to see you作狀語；8、to say作定語；9、to see作定語；10、not to open the window作賓語補(bǔ)足語；11、what to buy作賓語；12、dance作賓語補(bǔ)足語（省略to）；13、clean the room作賓語補(bǔ)足語（省略to）；14、to speak English作狀語；15、to find his watch作狀語；16、to go there together with me作賓語補(bǔ)足語。練習(xí)與鞏固：熟能生

9、巧，取得好成績！選擇最佳答案填空：1. Tell him _ the light. A. to turn B. not to turn on C. to not turn D. not to turn2. It took us more than two hours _ the dinner. A. prepare B. preparing C. to prepare D. to be prepared3. We felt the earth _. A. move B. moving C. to move D. be moved4. The students were made _ the t

10、ext ten times. A. read B. reading C. to read D. to be read5. The chair looks rather hard _, but in fact it is very comfortable. A. to sit B. to sit on C. sitting D. sit6. Nobody knows _next. A. what to do B. to do what C. which to do D. how to do7. It is very important _ us _these words. A. to, to r

11、emember B. for, to remember C. for, remember D. for, remembering8. _ English well, one must have a lot practice. A. For speaking B. Speaking C. To speak D. Speak9. Im going to the library _ the books. A. return B. borrow C. to return D. to lend10. We went to town _ some shopping. A. doing B. did C.

12、to make D. to do11. The funny story _ me laugh. A. make B. making C. to make D. made12. After the final exam, I think all the students want _. A. stop to have a rest B. to stop having a rest C. to stop to have a rest D. stopping to have a rest13. It is very kind _ you to help me with my housework. I

13、t is hard _me to do all the work. A. of, for B. for, of C. of, to D. to, for14. Many people think it very difficult _ English. A. to say B. to learn C. speak D. for speaking15. The teacher asked the students _ her _ the word again. A. listen to; to read B. to hear; say C. to listen to; speak D. to l

14、isten to; pronounce16.Remember _ the book here tomorrow. A. bring B. to bring C. take D. to take17. -Lets have a rest, shall we? - Not now. I dont want to stop _ the letter yet. A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write18. -This physics problem is too difficult. Can you show me _, Wang Lin? - Sure. A. what to work it out B. what to work out it C. how to work it out D. how to work out it19.- How can I improve my spoken English? - You have to practise _ as much as you can. A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to spe