霍?！都t字》中的象征主義

1、霍桑紅字中的象征主義【標(biāo)題】霍桑紅字中的象征主義 【作者】楊妮娜 【關(guān)鍵 詞】霍桑；紅字；象征主義 【指導(dǎo)老師】許奮榮 向 俊 【 專 業(yè)】英語 【正文】I. IntroductionA. Hawthorne s Life and WorksNathaniel Hawthorne?(18041864) was born in Salem, Massachusetts on July 4th1804. His ancestors were from a prestigious family. Five generations before him, John Hawthorne was one

2、of the three Judges in the Salem witchcraft trials of 1692. Later, his family became poorer and poorer, and in 1808, his father died of yellow fever. When Nathaniel Hawthorne was a boy, he lived in his hometownwith his mother, and meanwhile he was influenced by the atmosphere, and formed religious t

3、hought. He studied the history of the Puritans. After his graduation from BowdonCollege in Maine, he started his writing career and later became a novelist, short-story writer and essayist. His short stories included Twice Told Tales?(1837), Mosses from an Old Manse?(1846). His novels included The S

4、carlet Letter?(1850), The House of the Seven Gables?(1851), The MarbleFaun?(1860).B. The Background and the Plot of the NovelAfter the independence of America, manynew works gradually appeared and formed their own cultural characteristics. Onthe one hand, manywriters were still influenced by British

5、 literatures. Emerson appealed American writers to get out of the effect of some abroad literature in his famous speech in 1837. On the other hand, many young writers tried their best to improve their writings and wrote works with their own cultural characteristics. Hawthorne himself was set in the

6、year 1650 Boston, many people came here and wanted to pursue a happy life, they were the first people here, but they were deeply suppressed by Puritanism. In order to reveal the harsh pressure of the America society, the cheat of the church, the hypocrisy of morality, Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarle

7、t Letter was thus written.The Scarlet Letter told us a story that in June 1642, in the Puritan town of Boston, a crowd gathered to witness punishment. A young woman, Hester Prynne, had been found guilty of adultery and wore a scarlet letter? “A” on her bosomas a sign of sin. She refused to namethe f

8、ather of her little child Pearl. As she looked out over the crowd, Hester noticed an aging, misshapen man, she recognized him as her husband, whowas presumed to have died at sea. Then he chose a new name Roger Chillingworth and decided to take revenge on the child s father. He knew that the much-adm

9、ired brilliant young clergyman Dimmesdale was the father of the little childby chance. So Roger becameintimately acquainted with him. While tormented by guilty conscience, Dimmesdale could not find courage to tell the truth publicly. Later, Hester decided to ask him to leave the town with them.Befor

10、e the day they left, Dimmesdale gave his most inspired sermons, and then he climbed on the scaffold and confessed his sin, then died, Roger Chillingworth also died the same year. Many years later, Pearl lived a happy life in Europe, and Hester cameback to Boston, whenshe died, buried near the grave

11、of Dimmesdale, and they shared a simple tombstone.II. Brief Introduction to SymbolismA. The Definition of SymbolismA symbol is anything that is used to represent something other than itself. In literature it is most often a concrete object that is used to represent something broader and more abstrac

12、t? often a moral, religious, or philosophical concept or value. Symbols range from the most obvious and mechanical substitution of one thing for another, to massive, complex, and perplexing creations. In literature, the definition of the literary device, symbolism, can simply be defined as being the

13、 art of practice of using symbols especially by investing things with a symbolic meaning or by expressing the invisibleor intangibleby meansof visible or sensuousrepresentatives. Symbolism in literatureis also the deepness and hiddenmeaning in a piece of work. It is often used to represent a moral o

14、r religious belief or value. Symbolism is a traditional artistic form. Itbegan as a literary movement that developed from Romanticism in France in the second half of the 19th century. In the tragedy of ancient Greece or the symbolic opera in Middle Ages in Europe, the using of symbolism in the devel

15、opment of literature can be found everywhere. Symbolism is also a major feature of Romanticism. Hawthorne has made one of his most distinctive and significant contributions to the growth of American fiction through his use of symbols. As a famous writer of Romanticism, Hawthorne is skillful at the using of it in his works. His work The Scarlet Letter has some originalitywhen he uses the symbolism based on carryingon this traditional art and shows its own distinguishing features. In a word, although the method of symbolism is developed rather than invent