西方文化九種原型故事介紹

1、西方文化九種原型故事介紹1.achilles(greek myth)阿喀琉斯a demigod,son of the mortal peleus and the sea-nymph thetis and the greatest hero of the trojan wa r.homers iliad tells the full story of the war and achillesrole in it.it was said that in infancy his mother dipped him in the river styx冥河to make him invulnerable

2、.she was interrupted by peleus,and abandoned her husband and child in anger.海的女神忒提斯，預見兒子阿喀琉斯長大成人后會在戰(zhàn)場上喪命。為了改變兒子的命運，她帶著阿喀琉斯來到了冥河。她對泡一泡冥河的水，就能變成不死身的傳說堅信不疑。盡管如此，忒提斯平時還是很嚴格的管教兒子，阿喀琉斯對此感到厭煩。最終，忒提斯在兒子的好友帕特洛克羅斯的勸說下，同意讓阿喀琉斯接受勇士訓練。阿喀琉斯會像忒提斯預見的那樣命喪戰(zhàn)場嗎?theachillesstory is the story of the seemingly invulnerabl

3、e(無懈可擊的)hero with afatal flaw.classical tragedy is usually avariant of the achilles story.(example：superman)阿喀琉斯是-個看上去無懈可擊，但是卻有著一個致命弱點的英雄的故事。achillesheel阿喀琉斯之踵,弱點；要害古典悲劇通常就是阿喀琉斯故事的-個變種。(如超人)2.candide康迪德voltaires candide(1759)the story of the innocent abroad,the naively optimistic hero who triumphs c

4、ontrary to all expectations.(examples：forrest gump(阿甘正傳)，mr.bean(憨豆先生),a beautiful mind(美麗心靈)一個純真無邪的樂天派英雄踏上陌生的土地，出人意料地大獲全勝。(如阿甘正傳、憨豆先生、美麗心靈、印第安那諒斯)法國哲學家、小說家伏爾泰(voltaire,16941778)的名著憨第德candide,1758(亦有譯為天真漢)，故事里思想單純的主人公憨第德，candide parodies the philosophy of optimism put forth by gottfried wilhelm von

5、leibnitz.this philosophy states that since god created the world and god is perfect,everything in the world is ultimately perfect.the young and nave candide studies under the tutelage監(jiān)護of his enlightened tutor,pangloss,who believes thatall the for the best in the best of all possible worlds.the tale

6、 is afantastic picaresque journey that takes candide around the world.in their travels,however,they meet with nothing but war,disease,torture,and slavery.after he and his friends are killed,they are brought back to life；first rich,then poor；and finally,they wind up on afarm in turkey.in candide(1759

7、),voltaire believed that optimism led people to accept their situations instead of changing them.candide follows the checkered多變的fortunes of an innocent young man as he travels the world and gradually comes to mistrust the philosophy thatall is for the bestand that people should not try to improve t

8、heir lot.3.cinderella fairy tale the story of thedream comes true：goodness and virtue are despised at the beginning but recognized at last.the protagonist of the cinderella story usually begins in alowly position but through his good nature,convinces all doubters(懷疑者)and is rewarded.(example：pretty

9、women(漂亮女人)灰姑娘這是一個夢想成真的故事：良知與美德剛開始被輕視，最后則受到認可?；夜媚锕适碌闹魅斯錾肀百v，但是憑著美好的天性，最終感動了所有懷疑她的人，并且獲得了獎勵。如漂亮女人4.circe喀耳刻circe,daughter of the sun,was asorceress巫婆best known for her ability to turn men into animals with her magic wand.she is remembered for her encounter with odysseus and his men,and renowned for h

10、er knowledge of magic and poisonous herbs.when odysseus and his men landed on an island,his crew later met with circe and were turned into pigs.circes spells however had no effect on odysseus who earlier was given an herb by hermes to resist her power.circe realizing she was powerless over him lifte

11、d the spell from the crew and welcomed them in her home.after about ayear when odysseus leaves she warns them of the sirens一群女海妖they will encounter on their journey.circe and odysseus also bore achild together named telegonus who later ruled over the tyrsenians.thechasestory，in which an innocent vic

12、tim is pursued by the villain,until the villain is defeated by the potential victim.often this story takes the form of the temptress(誘惑男人的女性)ensnaring(誘捕)the love-struck(被愛情沖昏了頭的)male；it has often been vividly described asthe spider and the fly.it is the basis of horror films,thrillers,and film noir

13、.(examples：fatal attraction and the alien films，basic instinct)好人被壞人窮追不舍，直到好人打敗了壞蛋。這個故事的形式常常是妖艷的女子施展手段迷惑被愛情沖昏了頭的男人，人們生動地將之形容為蜘蛛和蒼蠅。這是恐怖片、驚片和黑色電影的基本結構。(如本能和異形系列電影)5.faust(medieval legend,marlowes doctor faustus,goethes faust)the realdr faustuswas aconjurer from germany who claimed to be in league wit

14、h the devil and able to work miracles.faust became the subject of legend and the archetype of the man who sells his soul to the devil(for power,eternal youth,etc.)the story of an individual who sells his soul to the devil,enjoys abrief period of power and prosperity,but eventually is called upon to

15、repay the debt.the faust story can also take the form of the dark secret that can never be completely suppressed,or the personal history that cannot be evaded.(example：wall street)浮士德一個人把靈魂賣給了魔鬼，換得了片刻的權力和富貴，但是最終必須要償還自已欠下的債。浮士德的故事有時候還以另外一種形式出現一一無法掩蓋的黑暗秘密，或者一個人難以洗清的過去。(如華爾街)6.orpheus(greek myth)提到奧菲斯(

16、orpheus)，你會想起什么?如果你是希臘神話的讀者，你一定會想傳說中太陽神阿波羅與歌唱女神卡莉歐碧的兒子-奧菲斯(orpheus)，他是一位最杰出的音樂家，也是希臘神話中最癡情的男人，天琴星座紀念的就是他與她妻子凄美的愛情故事，和他手中能奏出感動冥王普魯陀(pluto)的音樂的豎琴。orpheus was the son of calliope司辯論、史詩的女神and apollo.(阿波羅(主管光明、音樂、詩歌、健康、醫(yī)藥、畜牧等),太陽神，美男子)he was the greatest musician and poet of greek myth,whose songs could

17、charm wild beasts and coax even rocks and trees into movement.he was one of the argonauts,(亞爾古英雄(隨同賈森乘亞爾古舟,去海外尋找金羊毛的英雄)and when the argo had to pass the island of the sirens,it was orpheusmusic which prevented the crew from being lured to destruction.when orpheuswife,eurydice,(歐律狄斯,)was killed by th

18、e bite of aserpent,he went down to the underworld to bring her back.his songs were so beautiful that hades冥王哈得斯finally agreed to allow eurydice to return to the world of the living.however,orpheus had to meet one condition：he must not look back as he was conducting her to the surface.just before the

19、 pair reached the upper world,orpheus looked back,and eurydice slipped back into the netherworld once again.orpheus was inconsolable at this second loss of his wife.he spurned拒斥the company of women and kept apart from ordinary human activ ities.later orpheus was torn to pieces by women who were jeal

20、ous of his love for eurydice.orpheushead floated down the river,still singing,and came to rest on the isle of lesbos.(萊斯博斯島希臘東部的一個島嶼，位于愛琴海中、土耳其西北部沿岸附近。作為伊奧利亞人的一個重要居住地，公元前7世紀時，萊斯博斯島以其抒情詩人、其中包括薩福而聞名。)thus orpheus is the story of the gift that is taken away.the gift could be something personal,a loved

21、one,an ability of some kind,everything valuable in life,or even life itself.the story can focus on the tragedy of the loss itself or the search that follows the loss.俄耳普斯俄耳普斯的故事是關于被奪走了的幸福。這種幸?？赡苁莻€人的東西、愛人、某種能力、生命中所有重要的東西，甚至于生命本身。這個故事講的是失去幸福這個悲劇本身?；蛘呤鞘ヒ院髮ふ宜倪^程。7.romeo and juliet(shakespeares romeo an

22、d juliet)the classicstar-crossed lovers story in which amajor obstacle stands in the way of true love(examples：shakespeare in love,ghost)羅密歐與朱麗葉經典的命運不佳的情侶，在真愛的路上遇到了巨大的阻撓。(如戀愛中的莎士比亞和幽靈8.tristan(medieval legend)特里斯坦三角戀愛：tristan,the prince of the lost land of lyonesse,fell passionately in love with iso

23、lt,princess of ireland.isolt was married to tristans kinsman,king mark,and so the lovers were condemned to alife of secret meetings and illicit trysts.tristan was eventually killed at the end of king marks poisoned spear,and died with isolt in his arms.the love triangle：a man loves awoman,but one of

24、 them is already involved with someone(or something)else.thethird partyin the relationship is usually aperson,but it may be something more abstract(e.g.a cause,a mission,a destiny).(example：the graduate)一男一女相愛了，但是其中一人和另外一個人(或者一些東西)有所牽連。這個第三方通常都是一個人，但是也有可能是某種加抽象的東西(例如一個使命、任務，或者命運)。(如畢業(yè)生)來自12世紀晚期的史詩。英雄的名字一度是特里斯坦(tristan)、特里斯坦姆(tristram)和特里斯特姆(tristrem)，女主角的名字也一度是伊索爾德(isolde)、伊瑟爾德(iseult)和伊