英語(yǔ)閱讀理解科普環(huán)保專題練習(xí)及答案及解析

1、英語(yǔ)閱讀理解(科普環(huán)保)專題練習(xí)(及答案)及解析 一、高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類(lèi) ）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。C和D犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、1 Tablets are really useful devices, but their big screens always make them as a burden to carry around without a bag. Wouldnt it be great if there were a phone with the powers of a tablet that could be folded up and fit n

2、eatly into the hand? Now something like a tablet-shaped but foldable phone is about to become available. In February, South Korean electronics company Samsung and Chinas Huawei both launched foldable phones, the Galaxy Fold and Huawei Mate X respectively. Mobile phone use has entered noted.the oldab

3、le future, The Verge The technology could change our lives in significant ways. These devices, due to their bendable screens, give us the larger screens we want. Meanwhile, they still fit easily into the pocket. As USA Today noted, theyre he combination of a small tablet and smartphone, all in a sin

4、gle device. The technology could change other devices, too. For example, we could make TVs that stick to walls like posters, or fold up easily to hide away in drawers. In crowded modem cities, they will help us to maximize available space. In a keynote address, Samsungs senior vice president of mobi

5、le product marketing, Justin Denison, called the foldable screen he foundation for the smartphone of tomorrow. Its a ) for us to do something beautiful together. he said.畫(huà)布blank canvas ( So is there nothing to stand in the way of the foldable future? According to tech news website Android Authority,

6、 the necessary displays were difficult to produce. In 2012, nine out of every 10 OLED (二極管) screens produced were imperfect. Today, that 10 percent rate has been improved to between 50 and 90 percent. However, at present these foldable devices are expensive. For example, the price of Huawei Mate X i

7、s 17,500 RMB. Thats a price that few people will be able to afford. But if the foldable device isnt going to change the world overnight, there is no doubt that it is coming. Patrick Moorhead, an industry analyst told The Verge, Few are debating if foldable or 潲汬扡敬洠扯汩?楤灳慬獹慍敲琠敨映瑵牽?景猠慭瑲桰湯獥桴?湯祬焠敵瑳潩?獩眠敨?

8、湡?禰眠潨? What can be the best title for the text? ）（1 B. Foldable age is arriving.A. Screen devices on the market. C. Possible powers of a tablet. D. Foldable screens are imperfect. What can we learn from Justin Denisons words? ）（2 A. The foldable screen has great potential. B. The Galaxy Fold still h

9、as many problems. C. The production of foldable phones will soon increase. D. Companies need to work together to develop foldable phone. What is the problem with foldable phones at the moment? ）（3 A. They are easy to break. B. They are inconvenient to carry. D. They are unaffordable for most familie

10、s.C. They are not as useful as expected. What is the authors attitude toward the future of the foldable screen? 4）（ A. Worried. B. Cautious. C. Positive. D. Unconcerned. B1）【答案】 （ A2）（ D3）（ C 4）（ ”“可折疊手機(jī)的時(shí)代即將到來(lái)。【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了 （1）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Wouldnt it be great if there were a phone with the

11、 powers of a tablet that could be folded up and fit neatly into the hand?”如果有一款具有平板電腦功能的手機(jī)，可以折疊起來(lái)，整齊地放在手里，那不是很棒嗎?；以及第二段中的“Now something like a tablet-shaped but foldable phone is about to become available.”現(xiàn)在，類(lèi)似于 。B平板形狀的可折疊手機(jī)即將問(wèn)世。可知本文主題是“可折疊手機(jī)的時(shí)代即將到來(lái)。故選 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的“Justin Denison, called the f

12、oldable screen the foundation for the smartphone of tomorrow.Its a blank canvas (畫(huà)布) for us to do something beautiful together.” Justin Denison稱可折疊屏幕是“未來(lái)智能手機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)”。“這是一塊空白的畫(huà)布，我們可以一起做一些美好的事情?！薄翱芍?，我們能從賈斯汀丹尼森的話中了解到 。A”故選“可折疊屏幕”具有很大的潛力。 （3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“However, at present these foldable devices are ex

13、pensive. For example, the price of Huawei Mate X is 17,500 RMB. Thats a price that few people will be able to afford.”然而，目前這些可折疊設(shè)備價(jià)格昂貴。例如華為Mate X的價(jià)格是17500元人民幣。這是一個(gè)很少有人能負(fù)擔(dān)得起的價(jià)格?？芍?，目前可折疊手機(jī)大多數(shù)家 。庭都買(mǎi)不起。故選D （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“But if the foldable device isnt going to change the world overnight, there is n

14、o doubt that it is coming.”但如果這種可折疊設(shè)備不能在一夜之間改變世界，那么毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，它將會(huì)到來(lái)。可知，作者對(duì)可折疊屏幕的未來(lái)持的態(tài)度是積極 。C的。故選 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類(lèi)閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正 確答案。 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。和D、犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的AB、C2 Gardeners such as Prince Charles who claim that talking to plants encourages them to gro

15、w have long been seen as a little silly. But scientists have discovered evidence which suggests the Royal may actually be right and they could be listening to him. Biologists at Tel Aviv University in Israel have found that flowers can act as a plants ears to help them detect the sound of approachin

16、g insects. When the researchers played recordings of flying bees to evening primrose flowers, within three minutes the sugar concentrations in the nectar (花蜜) of its flowers increased. The fluid, produced to attract pollinating (授粉) insects, was on average 20 percent higher in flowers sounds. pitche

17、d higher to exposed or silence in left those to compared buzz the to exposed Professor Lilach Hadany, who led the study, said: Our results document for the first time that 汰湡獴撓湡爠灡摩祬爠獥潰摮琠?潰汬湩瑡牯猠畯摮?湩慍?捥汯杯捩污祬爠汥癥湡?慷? However, Prof Hadany said a plants ability to respond to pollinators may be weakened in

18、 city environments or beside a busy road. While plants require water, sunlight and the right temperature to grow, it is widely believed they do not have senses in the way animals do. But the study, published on the open-science website BioRxiv, suggests the efforts of gardeners who talk to their pla

19、nts may not be in vain. Plants ability to hear has implications well beyond pollinationplants could potentially hear and respond to herbivores, other animals, the elements, and possibly other plants, Prof Hadany added. A month-long experiment conducted by the Royal Horticultural Society in 2009 foun

20、d female voices appear to speed up the growth of tomatoes. The research offers a possible explanation womens voices were at the right frequency for the plants to hear. Whats evening primrose flowers response to bees buzz? 1）（ D. Less fluid.B. Sweeter nectar. C. Brighter color. A. Longer bloom. Where

21、 can plants grow better according to Hadany? 2）（ D. Along the street.C. In the woods. A. On a square. B. Beside a highway. What can we infer from the research? ）（3 A. Prince Charles proves kind of stupid. B. Plants can only potentially hear animals. C. Plants respond to sounds slowly and ecologicall

22、y. D. Plants gardeners talk to frequently develop well. What does the text mainly talk about? ）（4 B. Bees are best pollinators.A. Flowers can hear. D. Womens voices improve plants growth.C. Plants cant grow without sound. B1）【答案】 （ C2）（ D3）（ A ）（4 【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了人與植物的交流可以促其生長(zhǎng)?！窘馕觥?（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的

23、“When the researchers played recordings of flying bees to evening primrose flowers, within three minutes the sugar concentrations in the nectar (花蜜) of its flowers increased.”可知，蜜蜂飛到夜來(lái)香花，在三分鐘內(nèi)其花朵花蜜的糖的濃度會(huì)增 。B加，所以花蜜會(huì)更甜。故選 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“However, Prof Hadany said a plants ability to respond to polli

24、nators may be weakened in city environments or beside a busy road. ”哈達(dá)尼教授認(rèn)為，植物對(duì)傳粉者做出反應(yīng)的能力可能會(huì)在城市環(huán)境或繁忙道路旁減弱。從而推斷可知，在叢 。C林里的植物生長(zhǎng)得更好。故選 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“But the study, published on the open-science website BioRxiv, suggests the efforts of gardeners who talk to their plants may not be in vain.”研究表明，園丁們和

25、他們的植物交談的努力可能不會(huì)白費(fèi)。從而推斷可知，園丁經(jīng)常與植物交談，生 。D長(zhǎng)得更好。故選 （4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段“Gardeners such as Prince Charles who claim that talking to plants encourages them to grow have long been seen as a little silly. But scientists have discovered evidence which suggests the Royal may actually be right and they could be list

26、ening to him. Biologists at Tel Aviv University in Israel have found that flowers can act as a plants ears to help them detect the sound of approaching insects.”及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述人與植物 。A的交流可以促其生長(zhǎng)。故選 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推 理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。 3犇犇閱讀下面文章

27、，然后從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出每個(gè)問(wèn)題的最佳 選項(xiàng)。 My two- and four-year-old boys love to win, whether theyre racing their bikes down the sidewalk or just finishing their snacks. Its true that those with high status, from world leaders and prize winners to athletes and movie stars, are people we like and respect.

28、A recent study published in Nature Human Behaviour showed that we seem to have an innate (天生的) but only if those people arent hurtful toward others.preference for high-ranking peoples Researchers showed toddlers (aged 21 to 31 months) a scene where two puppets (木偶) approached one another from opposi

29、te sides of a stage and one bowed to let the other pass first. Asked which puppet they liked better, 18 of the 21 toddlers in the experiment reached for the puppet who had been allowed to pass. Because respect from others is a marker of status, this even before age three.suggests that children have

30、a preference for those with a higher status However, the results were quite different when two puppets approached one another and one used force to knock the other down before continuing to the other side. In this case, 18 of the 21 toddlers reached for the one who was knocked down. As the researche

31、rs concluded, When approaching others, very young children care not only who wins, but also how. The previous experiment has shown that toddlers know about social status, but this experiment went one step further by proving they have an obvious preference for high status. Since the participants were

32、 so young, this might even be an innate human preference. In a word, this new research suggests that young children appreciate people who do well while at the same time doing good to others. So, when my four-year-old thinks that he has to get his shoes on first, Ill keep reminding him that helping h

33、is brother so they both finish faster is what winning is all about. What do we tend to do according to the first paragraph? ）（1 A.Seek challenges all the time. B.Admire high-ranking people. C.Take advantage of high status. D.Hurt others with offensive words. Why did toddlers prefer the puppet allowe

34、d to pass? ）（2 A.It looked adorable. B.It behaved smartly. C.It seemed polite. D.It was respected. What can we infer from the latter study? ）（3 A.Slower people are better loved by toddlers. B.People naturally dislike unkind behavior. C.Toddlers care little about high social status. D.Being helpful c

35、ontributes to being supported. What should we do when we encourage children to win? ）（4 A.Instruct them to use proper and creative ways. B.Advise them to be as hardworking as possible. C.Remind them to be considerate to other people. D.Tell them to try to cooperate with someone else. B）（1【答案】 D）（2 B

36、3（） C 4）（【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了人們更傾向于喜歡和尊敬地位高而又無(wú)害于 他人的人，這似乎是一種天性，即使是蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子也是如此。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“A recent study published in Nature Human Behaviour showed that we seem to have an innate（天生的）preference for high-ranking peoplesbut only if those people arent hurtful toward others.”可知，我們更傾向于敬佩那些地位高的人。 。

37、B故選 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Asked which puppet they liked better, 18 of the 21 toddlers in the experiment reached for the puppet who had been allowed to pass. Because respect from others is a marker of status, this suggests that children have a preference for those with a higher statuseven before age thre

38、e.”可知，蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子喜歡那個(gè)被允許通過(guò)的木 。D偶，是因?yàn)檫@種行為代表著受人尊敬，孩子們更喜歡受尊敬的人。故選 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“In this case, 18 of the 21 toddlers reached for the one who was knocked down.和Since the participants were so young, this might even be an innate human preference.”可知，孩子們會(huì)走向被撞倒的人，而由于孩子太小，甚至可能是人類(lèi)與 。B生俱來(lái)的偏好。由此可推斷出，人們天生不喜歡不友善的行

39、為。故選 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“In a word, this new research suggests that young children appreciate people who do well while at the same time doing good to others.”可知，孩子欣賞那些在做好事的同時(shí)表現(xiàn)出色的人。由此可推斷出，我們鼓勵(lì)孩子去贏的同時(shí)，提 。醒他們要體諒他人。故選C 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科教類(lèi)閱讀，考生需 要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。 犇犇閱讀理解4 Act

40、ing is the least mysterious of all crafts, Marion Brando once said. But for scientists, working out what is going on in an actors head has always been something of a puzzle. Now, researchers have said actors show different patterns of brain activity depending on whether they are in character or not.

41、 Dr Steven Brown, from McMaster University in Canada, said, It looks like when you are acting, ) yourself; almost like the character is possessing you. you are suppressing (壓制 Brown and colleagues report how 15 actors, mainly theatre students, were trained to take on a Shakespeare role either Romeo

42、or Juliet in a theatre workshop. They were then invited into the laboratory, where their brains were scanned in a series of experiments. Once inside the MRI scanner, the actors were asked to answer a number of questions, such as: would they go to the party? And would they tell their parents that the

43、y had fallen in love? Each actor was asked to respond to different questions, based on two different premises (前提). In one, they were asked for their own perspective, while in the other, they were asked to respond as though they were either Romeo or Juliet. The results revealed that the brain activi

44、ty differed depending on the situation being tested. The team found that when the actors were in character, they use some third-person knowledge or inferences about their character. The team said they also found additional reduction in activity in two regions of the prefrontal cortex (前額皮質(zhì)) linked t

45、o the sense of self, compared with when the actors were responding as themselves. However, Philip Davis, a professor at the University of Liverpool, was unimpressed by the research, saying acting is about far more than pretending to be someone it involves ) the text and language.embodying (體現(xiàn) How di

46、d Dr Browns team conduct their research? 1）（ A. By scanning the brain activity of some actors. B. By doing a survey with some theatre goers. C. By interviewing some theatre teachers. D. By consulting some experienced researchers. What is the finding of Dr Browns research? ）（2 A. Acting is not as mys

47、terious as people think. B. Actors brain activity differs when they are acting. C. Acting is far more than pretending to be the character. D. Actors brain activity is more active when they are in character. How did Philip Davis react to the research? 3）（ D. He advocated it.C. He explained it. B. He

48、doubted it. A. He supported it. What is the text mainly about? ）（4 A. A debate of how the brain functions. B. A play written by Shakespeare. C. A research on the brain activity of actors. D. A report of the cooperation of scientists and actors. A）1（ 【答案】 B）（2 B）（3 C ）（4【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了一項(xiàng)對(duì)于演員大腦活動(dòng)

49、的研究?，F(xiàn)在，研究 人員表示，演員的大腦活動(dòng)模式不同，取決于他們是否扮演角色。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的“Once inside the MRI scanner, the actors were asked to answer a number of questions, such as: would they go to the party?”一旦進(jìn)入核磁共振掃描儀，演員們被要求回答一系列問(wèn)題，比如:他們會(huì)去參加派對(duì)嗎?由此推斷出Brown博士的 。A團(tuán)隊(duì)是通過(guò)掃描一些演員的大腦活動(dòng)進(jìn)行他們的研究的，故選 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“The results reveal

50、ed that the brain activity differed depending on the situation being tested. The team found that when the actors were in character, they use some third-person knowledge or inferences about their character.”結(jié)果顯示，大腦活動(dòng)的不同取決于所測(cè)試的情境。研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)演員在扮演角色時(shí)，他們會(huì)使用一些第三人稱知識(shí)或?qū)巧耐茢?。由此可知Brown博士的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，演員在表演時(shí) 。大腦活動(dòng)是不同的，

51、故選B （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“However, Philip Davis, a professor at the University of Liverpool, was unimpressed by the research, saying acting is about far more than pretending to be someone it involves embodying (體現(xiàn)) the text and language.”然而，利物浦大學(xué)教授Philip Davis對(duì)這項(xiàng)研究并不以為然。他說(shuō)，表演不僅僅是 假裝 成某個(gè)人，它 。BPhilip Dav

52、is對(duì)這項(xiàng)研究持懷疑態(tài)度，故選還包括文本和語(yǔ)言的體現(xiàn)。由此推斷出 （4）考查主旨大意。第二段中的“Now, researchers have said actors show different patterns of brain activity depending on whether they are in character or not.”現(xiàn)在，研究人員表示，演員的大腦活動(dòng)模式不同，取決于他們是否扮演角色，是全文的主題句，結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容，可 。知這篇文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)對(duì)于演員大腦活動(dòng)的研究，故選C 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類(lèi)閱讀，要求考

53、生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推 理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。 犇犇閱讀理解5 A good disguise keeps you hidden, right? Well, sometimes the best disguise is actually the most dazzling because research reveals that flashy metallic iridescence(金屬彩虹色) can visually puzzle predators, which allows colorful prey to survive a

54、nother day. Those surprising results appear in . Reportsthe journal Scientific Shining iridescent color, which changes depending on the angle from which its viewed, is favored by everything from birds to beetles and blossoms to butterflies. And in our research group we are of course interested in wh

55、y this vivid metallic color is so widespread in nature. Karin Kjernsmo of the University of Bristol adds that in some cases the showy splashes of light are a sexual strategy. Here I would like to point out that in some species, particularly those that display strong sexual dimorphism(雌雄兩性), such as

56、birds of paradise or some butterflies or fishes, the occurrence of iridescence is most likely driven by sexual selection. For example, in many of these cases it is the males that have these vivid iridescent colors and they use them in mate choice or they use them as a signal to attract mates. But iridescence also shows up in situations where reproduction is not an issue. So what we are studying now is whether natural selection imposed by predation(捕食行為) could explain the occurrence of irid