水文水利計(jì)算課程設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告書(shū)

1、第一章 概況1.1基本資料概述某水電站水庫(kù)正常蓄水位410m，汛期限制水位405m，設(shè)計(jì)洪水位與正常高水位相同，均為410m，死水位395400m，最低死水位393m，水庫(kù)總庫(kù)容3.98億m3，死庫(kù)容1.4億m3，總裝機(jī)容量為225MW。電站設(shè)計(jì)最大水頭47.5m，平均水頭42.0m，設(shè)計(jì)水頭39.0m，1到3號(hào)機(jī)組單機(jī)最大引用流量138. 5m3 /s，4到5號(hào)機(jī)組單機(jī)最大引用流量131 m3/ s 。（1）樞紐布置及主要建筑物 某水電站為壩后式電站，大壩為混凝土重力壩，按百年一遇洪水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（洪峰流量21500m3/s）設(shè)計(jì)，五百年一遇洪水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（洪峰流量26400m3/s）校核。（2）水庫(kù)水庫(kù)

2、屬于狹長(zhǎng)的河道型水庫(kù)，主要由漢江及牧馬河支流河谷組成，主汛期（7月9月）限制水位405m。水位410m時(shí)，設(shè)計(jì)庫(kù)容4.7億m3（1989年復(fù)核，設(shè)計(jì)庫(kù)容3. 98億m3）。其中漢江庫(kù)區(qū)占91. 4%，牧馬河庫(kù)區(qū)占8%，子午河庫(kù)區(qū)占0. 6%。水面長(zhǎng)約70km，水面寬一般為200 300m，河床縱比降約為8. 9%。1.2 基本資料1. 庫(kù)容水位關(guān)系表1 某水庫(kù)水位庫(kù)容曲線表水位（m）393394395396397398399400401402403404庫(kù)容（億m3)0.70.760.830.90.971.061.151.251.361.481.621.77水位（m）4054064074084

3、09410411412413414415庫(kù)容（億m3)1.942.122.312.52.72.923.243.483.733.994.262. 流量尾水位關(guān)系表2 某電站的下游水位流量關(guān)系曲線水位（m）361.4362.54362.67362.71362.79362.85363.55流量（m3/s）01002003004005001000水位（m）364.22364.7369.65377.6383.5388.4393.3流量（m3/s）200030008000150002000025000300003. 歷史徑流資料見(jiàn)附件一4. 洪水資料見(jiàn)附件二和附件三5. 其他資料水電站綜合出力系數(shù)為8.4

4、，水頭損失以1m計(jì)。1.3設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)1. 根據(jù)歷史徑流資料繪制年徑流頻率曲線，并選取豐、平、枯典型年及年內(nèi)徑流分配；2. 根據(jù)洪水資料，計(jì)算設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下相應(yīng)的設(shè)計(jì)洪水洪峰流量，并推求設(shè)計(jì)洪水過(guò)程線；3. 應(yīng)用典型年法計(jì)算該電站在設(shè)計(jì)保證率為80%的保證出力以及多年平均發(fā)電量；第二章 設(shè)計(jì)方案2.1設(shè)計(jì)代表年年徑流量及其年內(nèi)分配的計(jì)算1.整理歷史徑流資料，得出歷年逐月流量表見(jiàn)表3表3 年歷年逐月平均流量表年份7月8月9月10月11月12月1月2月3月4月5月6月年徑流億m54-55501.33 894.67 601.67 639.67 229.67 185.33 98.00 114.33 137.6

5、7 145.00 96.00 45.33 96.89 55-56819.33 581.00 1927.67 1036.33 176.33 386.33 77.33 71.33 61.33 168.00 171.67 1625.67 186.55 56-57648.00 1504.00 525.33 188.67 117.33 92.67 70.00 72.67 122.33 197.33 310.33 299.33 108.95 57-581565.33 136.33 146.33 81.67 104.67 83.67 48.33 37.00 40.33 190.33 329.33 461.3

6、3 84.70 58-591491.33 2142.67 485.67 501.67 496.00 163.33 94.67 102.67 283.33 217.33 327.00 118.67 168.74 59-60276.67 327.33 219.33 149.33 226.33 120.00 61.67 49.67 79.00 115.67 111.00 36.67 46.56 60-61121.33 418.33 687.33 533.33 192.33 104.00 61.33 53.00 136.00 253.67 163.33 1344.00 106.85 61-621464

7、.67 585.00 213.67 1133.00 424.33 177.67 104.33 79.33 60.33 93.67 99.67 73.00 118.42 62-63899.67 804.33 350.00 696.67 279.00 145.00 72.33 59.67 84.00 263.33 1210.00 236.33 133.96 63-64462.33 373.67 1920.00 406.33 288.00 158.33 95.33 83.00 171.67 1093.67 547.33 273.00 154.25 64-65922.00 399.33 2316.67

8、 1140.67 372.67 179.67 117.00 89.00 91.33 460.67 347.33 97.33 171.61 65-661192.00 299.33 583.33 319.33 135.67 87.33 57.00 65.33 103.00 147.00 117.00 169.33 86.04 66-67378.00 392.67 2344.00 233.67 107.67 58.67 45.00 60.00 250.67 270.67 655.00 324.67 134.50 67-681312.00 290.67 484.67 278.33 306.67 137

9、.33 74.67 62.67 210.00 467.33 458.33 71.67 109.12 68-69197.00 281.67 1787.00 672.33 309.00 168.67 92.00 83.67 93.67 427.67 128.67 37.00 112.37 69-70155.67 97.67 851.67 510.33 222.33 109.00 63.33 58.67 79.67 226.67 282.00 284.67 77.26 70-71284.33 292.00 732.67 467.33 158.33 100.00 66.33 60.67 83.00 1

10、69.33 257.00 198.00 75.36 71-72557.00 216.33 157.67 386.33 317.00 94.33 61.67 58.33 132.33 375.33 214.33 136.33 71.10 72-73962.67 90.33 286.67 92.67 94.67 57.33 39.33 42.67 53.33 182.67 280.33 194.33 62.43 73-74334.67 322.67 1067.33 1189.33 191.67 103.00 79.00 81.67 74.00 108.33 215.00 91.67 101.34

11、74-75272.33 485.67 1442.67 754.00 188.67 147.00 92.00 73.67 72.00 107.33 304.67 184.33 108.33 75-76905.00 184.00 1512.67 1162.00 281.67 137.33 76.33 106.33 94.67 287.00 225.67 264.00 137.54 76-77155.00 147.67 368.33 447.67 201.00 89.33 62.33 61.00 87.67 185.33 231.00 65.33 55.20 77-78461.67 224.67 9

12、8.33 142.00 192.67 60.33 40.67 40.00 48.67 86.33 206.00 235.00 48.23 78-791371.33 170.00 340.00 140.33 90.67 60.00 40.33 50.67 49.67 84.00 103.33 66.67 67.42 79-80646.33 243.67 390.67 131.67 64.67 42.00 36.67 39.67 48.00 77.67 137.00 451.00 60.65 80-81963.00 731.00 769.67 405.00 312.67 119.67 74.33

13、59.33 80.67 162.67 63.00 120.67 101.43 81-821548.00 2989.00 2229.00 452.33 166.33 105.00 74.67 65.33 93.33 171.00 146.67 25.67 211.87 82-83510.33 668.00 1137.33 321.33 226.33 91.67 70.67 56.00 62.33 226.33 631.00 784.67 125.71 83-841686.00 1035.67 1460.00 1476.00 298.33 162.00 99.33 71.67 70.67 120.

14、33 181.00 425.33 186.13 84-851411.67 300.67 1855.33 423.67 154.00 121.00 86.67 69.67 73.33 154.00 585.33 173.00 142.05 85-86545.33 204.67 418.67 398.67 150.67 81.67 69.33 48.67 65.00 99.00 210.33 441.33 71.79 86-87465.67 131.33 271.33 134.33 105.67 81.00 48.67 34.00 44.00 126.67 288.67 576.00 60.60

15、87-88953.33 927.67 527.33 132.67 178.00 87.00 50.00 43.33 82.00 128.67 308.00 51.00 91.12 88-89917.00 1022.33 566.67 466.00 165.00 89.67 87.33 84.00 148.00 380.67 418.00 391.00 124.39 89-901041.00 365.00 1164.67 305.67 171.00 124.33 93.33 106.00 201.33 262.00 553.67 465.67 127.48 90-911200.67 954.67

16、 350.00 268.00 155.33 106.33 78.33 59.33 115.33 136.33 150.67 579.33 109.12 91-92320.67 304.67 154.00 103.67 74.67 55.33 46.67 38.67 88.67 130.67 120.33 233.33 43.90 92-93614.67 369.33 758.00 423.33 139.00 78.00 57.33 70.00 118.00 182.67 299.33 399.00 92.16 93-94494.33 689.67 337.00 324.00 170.33 10

17、6.33 73.33 53.33 95.33 229.00 85.00 162.33 74.07 94-95424.33 50.33 118.33 282.67 485.33 158.00 98.67 60.67 60.00 78.00 52.00 27.67 49.80 95-96157.00 251.00 375.00 243.33 89.67 51.00 35.33 35.67 37.67 103.67 145.33 338.67 48.94 96-97192.67 150.67 384.67 266.00 458.33 107.67 66.33 56.00 155.33 146.00

18、114.00 29.33 55.87 97-98255.33 56.67 100.00 54.33 55.00 38.00 28.67 22.67 37.67 138.67 556.67 178.33 39.98 2.根據(jù)表3資料進(jìn)行年徑流頻率計(jì)算，過(guò)程如表4表4年徑流頻率計(jì)算表年份年平均流量序號(hào)年平均徑流量按大到小排列對(duì)應(yīng)年份經(jīng)驗(yàn)頻率P（%）54-5596.891211.8781-822.2255-56186.552186.5555-564.4456-57108.953186.1383-846.6757-5884.704171.6164-658.8958-59168.745168.7458-

19、5911.1159-6046.566154.2563-6413.3360-61106.857142.0584-8515.5661-62118.428137.5475-7617.7862-63133.969134.5066-672063-64154.2510133.9662-6322.2264-65171.6111127.4889-9024.4465-6686.0412125.7182-8326.6766-67134.5013124.3988-8928.8967-68109.1214118.4261-6231.1168-69112.3715112.3768-6933.3369-7077.2616

20、109.1267-6835.5670-7175.3617109.1290-9137.7871-7271.1018108.9556-574072-7362.4319108.3374-7542.2273-74101.3420106.8560-6144.4474-75108.3321101.4380-8146.6775-76137.5422101.3473-7448.8976-7755.202396.8954-5551.1177-7848.232492.1692-9353.3378-7967.422591.1287-8855.5679-8060.652686.0465-6657.7880-81101

21、.432784.7057-586081-82211.872877.2669-7062.2282-83125.712975.3670-7164.4483-84186.133074.0793-9466.6784-85142.053171.7985-8668.8985-8671.793271.1071-7271.1186-8760.603367.4278-7973.3387-8891.123462.4372-7375.5688-89124.393560.6579-8077.7889-90127.483660.6086-878090-91109.123755.8796-9782.2291-9243.9

22、03855.2076-7784.4492-9392.163949.8094-9586.6793-9474.074048.9495-9688.8994-9549.804148.2377-7891.1195-9648.944246.5659-6093.3396-9755.874343.9091-9295.5697-9839.984439.9897-9897.783.根據(jù)表2數(shù)據(jù)，選取適當(dāng)參數(shù)，繪制出年徑流頻率曲線，見(jiàn)圖1其中：樣本均值 Ex=100.93； 變差系數(shù) Cv=0.46偏態(tài)系數(shù) Cs=1.11； 倍比系數(shù) Cs/Cv=2.41由曲線可得：P=20%時(shí) Q=135.48億m；P=50%

23、時(shí)Q= 92.52億m；P=80%時(shí) Q= 61.57億m根據(jù)年、月徑流資料和代表年的選擇原則，確定：豐水年為66-67年 ，Q=134.50億m枯水年為72-73年，Q=62.43億m，平水年為92-93年，Q=92.16億m圖1。則可得豐平枯各年縮放倍比K：對(duì)92-93代表年有： K=92.52/92.16=1.004 對(duì)66-67代表年有； K=135.48/134.50=1.007對(duì)72-73代表年有：K= 61.57/62.43=0.986 則有年內(nèi)分配計(jì)算表如表5表5年內(nèi)徑流分配計(jì)算表月份豐水代表年（66-67）Q月縮放比K設(shè)計(jì)豐水年Q月平水代表年（92-93）Q月縮放比K設(shè)計(jì)平水

24、年Q月枯水代表年（72-73）Q月縮放比K設(shè)計(jì)枯水年Q月7378.00 1.007 380.78 614.67 1.004 617.22 962.67 0.986 949.37 8392.67 1.007 395.56 369.33 1.004 370.87 90.33 0.986 89.09 92344.00 1.007 2361.26 758.00 1.004 761.15 286.67 0.986 282.71 10233.67 1.007 235.39 423.33 1.004 425.09 92.67 0.986 91.39 11107.67 1.007 108.46 139.00

25、1.004 139.58 94.67 0.986 93.36 1258.67 1.007 59.10 78.00 1.004 78.32 57.33 0.986 56.54 145.00 1.007 45.33 57.33 1.004 57.57 39.33 0.986 38.79 260.00 1.007 60.44 70.00 1.004 70.29 42.67 0.986 42.08 3250.67 1.007 252.51 118.00 1.004 118.49 53.33 0.986 52.60 4270.67 1.007 272.66 182.67 1.004 183.43 182

26、.67 0.986 180.14 5655.00 1.007 659.82 299.33 1.004 300.58 280.33 0.986 276.46 6324.67 1.007 327.06 399.00 1.004 400.66 194.33 0.986 191.65 全年總量5120.67 5158.36 3508.67 3523.26 2377.00 2344.17 2.2設(shè)計(jì)洪水洪峰流量及設(shè)計(jì)洪水過(guò)程線的推求1計(jì)算設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下相應(yīng)的設(shè)計(jì)洪水洪峰流量，整理洪水資料可得表6表6洪峰流量經(jīng)驗(yàn)頻率計(jì)算表年份洪峰流量(m/s)序號(hào)洪峰流量按大到小排列對(duì)應(yīng)年份經(jīng)驗(yàn)頻率P（%）1934.0987

27、1012040019491.47 1935.0787102171001955.09.172.94 1936.0665403165001940.084.41 1937.0881704161001983.07.315.88 1938.10139005155001981.08.227.35 1939.0941606142001998.07.088.82 1940.08165007139001938.1010.29 1941.0744908131001958.08.2111.76 1942.0923109126001962.07.2813.24 1943.09871010124001980.07.03

28、14.71 1944.06522011123001987.07.1816.18 1945.08791012119001946.0917.65 1946.091190013114001956.06.2519.12 1947.07291014114001990.07.0720.59 1948.09634015107001989.09.2722.06 19492040016106001964.09.0423.53 1950.10429017104001952.0825.00 1951.09654018102001963.09.1926.47 1952.081040019102001978.07.04

29、27.94 1953.06865020102001984.07.0729.41 1954.08.13384021101001968.09.1330.88 1955.09.17171002299601974.09.1332.35 1956.06.25114002390801957.07.1633.82 1957.07.1690802487101934.0935.29 1958.08.21131002587101935.0736.76 1959.03.2925602687101943.0938.24 1960.09.0643702786501953.0639.71 1961.06.27769028

30、81701937.0841.18 1962.07.28126002979101945.0842.65 1963.09.19102003077801965.07.1344.12 1964.09.04106003176901961.06.2745.59 1965.07.1377803276901976.08.2547.06 1966.09.0330003375701992.07.1648.53 1967.07.1172403474501982.08.3050.00 1968.09.13101003572401967.07.1151.47 1969.09.2747403665501979.07.15

31、52.94 1970.09.2740303765401936.0654.41 1971.07.1035803865401951.0955.88 1972.07.1159603965401975.09.3057.35 1973.09.0763704063701973.09.0758.82 1974.09.1399604163401948.0960.29 1975.09.3065404259601972.07.1161.76 1976.08.2576904355702000.10.1163.24 1977.07.1135004454901988.09.0264.71 1978.07.0410200

32、4554501985.09.1566.18 1979.07.1565504654101999.07.0667.65 1980.07.03124004752201944.0669.12 1981.08.22155004847401969.09.2770.59 1982.08.3074504946001994.11.1572.06 1983.07.31161005045001991.06.1473.53 1984.07.07102005144901941.0775.00 1985.09.1554505243701960.09.0676.47 1986.09.0926605342901950.107

33、7.94 1987.07.18123005441601939.0979.41 1988.09.0254905540301970.09.2780.88 1989.09.27107005639901993.07.2282.35 1990.07.07114005738401954.08.1383.82 1991.06.1445005835801971.07.1085.29 1992.07.1675705935001977.07.1186.76 1993.07.2239906030001966.09.0388.24 1994.11.1546006129101947.0789.71 1995.09.10

34、27606227601995.09.1091.18 1996.06.0425006326601986.09.0992.65 1997.07.1915506425601959.03.2994.12 1998.07.08142006525001996.06.0495.59 1999.07.0654106623101942.0997.06 2000.10.1155706715501997.07.1998.53 由上表可繪制洪峰流量頻率曲線如圖2圖2樣本均值 Ex=7893.13；變差系數(shù) Cv=0.55偏態(tài)系數(shù) Cs=1.14；倍比系數(shù) Cs/Cv=2.07則可求得：百年一遇設(shè)計(jì)洪峰流量Q1%=21

35、402.5 m/s，2.推求設(shè)計(jì)洪水過(guò)程線依據(jù)“可能”和“不利”的原則，選擇洪水總量較大、洪峰流量較大且洪峰靠后的洪水過(guò)程作為典型洪水過(guò)程，根據(jù)資料選取1956年的洪水過(guò)程作為典型洪水過(guò)程。分別對(duì)24h、48h、72h洪量進(jìn)行排頻計(jì)算見(jiàn)表7，表7：24h、48h、72h洪量的頻率計(jì)算表24h洪量的頻率計(jì)算48h洪量的頻率計(jì)算72h洪量的頻率計(jì)算序號(hào)洪量(億m)頻率(%)序號(hào)洪量(億m)頻率(%)序號(hào)洪量(億m)頻率(%)1151.47123.61.471291.47212.92.94219.92.942242.94312.14.41319.14.413244.41411.45.88417.25

36、.88423.95.88511.17.35516.27.35521.47.35610.98.82615.18.82620.438.82710.610.29715.110.29718.910.29810.211.76815.111.76817.711.7699.613.24913.913.24917.213.24109.1414.711013.614.711017.114.71119.0816.181113.116.181116.916.18128.7317.65121317.651216.117.65138.0419.121312.819.121315.819.12147.9620.59141

37、2.720.591415.620.59157.922.061512.722.061515.322.06167.6423.531612.623.531615.123.53177.64251712.2251714.925187.6326.471812.226.471814.926.47197.5527.941911.927.941914.427.94207.4829.412011.829.412014.329.41217.3430.882111.830.882114.330.88227.3432.352211.332.35221432.35236.5733.822311.233.82231433.

38、82246.4235.292411.135.292413.235.29256.4236.762510.636.762513.236.76266.4238.242610.338.242613.238.24276.3539.712710.339.712713.139.71286.3241.182810.341.182813.141.18295.9942.652910.342.652912.842.65305.8144.12309.7144.123012.444.12315.845.59319.4645.593112.445.59325.7647.06329.3847.063212.247.0633

39、5.6748.53339.3548.533312.148.53345.5650349.1750341250355.5251.47358.9151.47351251.47365.3952.94368.8452.943611.252.94375.2554.41378.554.413710.754.41384.8155.88387.9455.883810.255.88394.8157.35397.9457.353910.157.35404.6658.82407.8658.824010.158.82414.6560.29417.760.29419.8260.29424.4361.76426.8861.

40、76429.2561.76434.3163.24436.8763.24438.7463.24444.0364.71446.5564.71448.664.71453.8366.18456.5466.18458.2466.18463.8267.65466.4267.65467.9467.65473.5669.12476.2469.12477.9169.12483.4170.59486.0470.59487.8670.59493.3972.06495.9472.06497.7172.06503.3773.53505.8973.53507.6573.53513.3175515.675517.02755

41、23.376.47525.3676.47526.776.47533.1877.94535.2177.94536.5277.94543.1379.41544.7979.41545.8779.41553.0480.88554.7880.88555.7480.88562.8482.35564.6982.35565.5382.35572.8483.82574.3283.82575.0883.82582.5685.29583.8585.29584.6585.29592.5186.76593.8186.76594.6186.76602.1388.24603.8188.24604.5188.24612.12

42、89.71613.2689.71614.4489.71621.8791.18623.1791.18624.1491.18631.7692.65633.1592.65633.8292.65641.7494.12643.0594.12643.7494.12651.7395.59652.8995.59653.795.59661.797.06662.7997.06663.4397.06671.0998.53671.7998.53672.2598.53樣本均值 Ex=5.83樣本均值 Ex=9.25樣本均Ex=11.62變差系數(shù) Cv=0.54變差系數(shù) Cv=0.54變差系數(shù) Cv=0.51偏態(tài)系數(shù) C

43、s=1.09偏態(tài)系數(shù) Cs=1.05偏態(tài)系數(shù) Cs=0.92倍比系數(shù) Cs/Cv=2.02倍比系數(shù) Cs/Cv=1.94倍比系數(shù) Cs/Cv=1.8并求得的：1%設(shè)計(jì)24h洪量為W24h.1%= 15.53億m1%設(shè)計(jì)48h洪量為W48h.1%= 24.51億m1%設(shè)計(jì)72h洪量為W72h.1%= 29.22億m由于選取1956年的洪水過(guò)程作為典型洪水過(guò)程可知典型洪水對(duì)應(yīng)于24h、48h、72h的洪量分別為8.04億m，13.00億m，16.10億m。再由以下公式求得放大倍比 其中:W24，p，W48，p，W72，p為頻率為p的設(shè)計(jì)洪量值，W24，W48，W72為典型洪水過(guò)程的時(shí)段洪量值。計(jì)算

44、結(jié)果見(jiàn)表8表8放大法倍比計(jì)算表時(shí)段設(shè)計(jì)洪水Wtp（億m）典型洪水（1956年06月16日20-06月30日10）放大倍比k起始日期洪量Wtd（億m）115.5306.16.20-06.17.208.041.93 224.5106.16.20-06.18.2013.001.81329.2206.16.20-06.19.2016.101.52 洪峰流量（m/s）Qmp=21402.5Qmd=114001.88 表9同頻率法設(shè)計(jì)洪水過(guò)程線計(jì)算表（p=1%）時(shí)序典型洪水過(guò)程線放大倍比K 放大后流量(m/s）時(shí)段（t=12h）W(億m)放大前流量(ms）即設(shè)計(jì)洪水過(guò)程線111.553587.96 1.936924.77 222.485740.74 1.8110390.74 334.029305.56 1.5214144.44 444.029305.56 1.5214144.44 552.485740.74 1.8110390.74 661.553587.96 1.936924.77 則可繪制設(shè)計(jì)洪水過(guò)程線見(jiàn)下圖2.3 應(yīng)用典型年法計(jì)算該電站在設(shè)計(jì)保證率為80%的保證出力以及多年平均發(fā)電量2.3.1計(jì)算設(shè)計(jì)保證率為80%的保證出力根據(jù)已給表1、表2可作出水位庫(kù)容曲線和水位流量曲線見(jiàn)圖3、圖4根據(jù)圖3、圖4可知水庫(kù)水位庫(kù)容關(guān)系和