情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣文檔

1、高中英語情態(tài)動詞及虛擬語氣的復(fù)習(xí)(2008-04-14 16:32:20)轉(zhuǎn)載標(biāo)簽：商考英語虛擬語氣情態(tài)動詞教育情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，后面直接跟動詞原形.助動詞有：have, has, had, do, does, did, done, shall, should, will, would情態(tài)動詞主要有：can, could, may, might, must, have to, had better, need, dare, shall, should, will, would, ought to各情態(tài)動詞的用法：Can, could, be able to1. 表能力此時ca

2、n可以與be able to互換，但當(dāng)敘述過去經(jīng)過 番努力成功做到了某事，不可用could,只能用was (were) able toEg: He could (was able to) swim when he was six years oldHe was able to flee Europe before the war broke out2. 表可能，能夠I m sorry. I can* t do that.對不起，我不能做那事.3. 表允許，許可.JtW, (canmay, can* t二must not, couldmight) : could 還可提出委婉的請求.4. 表推測

3、，常用于否定和疑問句.這種情況下，can, could沒有時態(tài)上的區(qū)別, 只表示可能性的大小,can比could可能性大.May, might的用法1. 表請求許可（否定為must not）2. 表沒有把握的推測（一般用于肯定句中）3. may放在句首表祝愿4. may/m ight構(gòu)成的短語May/might as well+動詞原形,意為”不妨”Eg： If that is the case, we may as well try.may well+動詞原形 表”理所當(dāng)然”Eg： You may well say so.你有足夠的理由這樣說.may as well +動詞原形+ as +動

4、詞原形與其.不如.Eg： You might as well throw your money away as lend it to him.must, have to1. 兩詞都有”必須”的意思，have to表客觀的需要，must表主觀要求.My brother was very ill, so I have to call the doctor in the middle of the night.He said they must work hard.（表主觀要求）have to有人稱，數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化，而must只有一種形式.2.否定結(jié)構(gòu)中:don t have表”不必” ；must

5、not表禁止”表肯定的推測will, would 的用法would like to do sth= want to do sth 想要做某事Will you？ Would you ?表肯定含義的勸說，疑問句中一般用some,而不用 any. Eg: Would you like to have some cake?,ought to 和 should 的用法1. ought to：應(yīng)該，表道義上的責(zé)任should：應(yīng)該，從說話人的角度來看，某人應(yīng)該做某事.eg: You are her mother you ought to look after herWe should encourage

6、him for we are his classmatesneed和dare的用法1. 兩詞都既可做情態(tài)動詞乂可做實義動詞作情態(tài)動詞時,兩者都 只用于疑問句，否定句和條件句；作實義動詞時need后接動詞需加to,而dare 作實義動詞時后面可直接跟動詞原形.2. need doing sth 表被動含義，相M，rj need to be done.(此時 為實義動詞)同樣的requir, worth后面接doing也可表示被動.The room needs cleaning 二 The room needs to be cleaned情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法：can, could, may, mi

7、ght, must都可表示推測，用法如下:1) :情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形：表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r的推測.I don t know where she is. She may be in Wuhan.2) :情態(tài)動詞+動詞現(xiàn)在進行時：表現(xiàn)在或?qū)碚谶M行的動作的推測.At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers3) :情態(tài)動詞+動詞完成時，表示對過去情況的推測.The road is wet It must have rained last night4) ：推測的否定形式和疑問形式用” can t, couldn, t”

8、Mike can* t have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morningneed have done,需要做某事而沒做needn t have done本沒必要做某事ought to have done, should have done 本應(yīng)該做某事而沒做He ought to (should) have been more careful in this examPractice1) Sorry I m late Ihave turned off the alarmclock and gone back to sleep

9、 again.A. might B should C can D. will2) My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon,so he your lectureA. couldn* t have attended B needn t have attendedC mustn* t have attended D shouldn* t have attended3) Jack yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.A. mustn* t have arrived B. sh

10、ouldn t have arrived C can* t have arrived D need not have arrived4) I was really anxious about you. Youhome withouta wordA. mustn* t leave B shouldn* t have left C couldn t have left D needn t leave5) I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps Iforher.A. had to write it out B. must have written it o

11、ut C should have written it out D. ought to write it out6) Is John coming by train ? He should, but henot He likes driving his carA must B can C need D may7) I hear you ve got a set of valuable Australian coins _ I have a look ? Yes, certainly.8) A. Do B. May C. Shall D. Should9) Mr Bush is on time

12、for everything Howit be thathe was late for the opening ceremony ?A. can B should C may D must must be10) Are you coming to Jeff s party ? I m not sure I go to the concert insteadA. must B would C should D might11) I should have been there, but Inot find the timeA. would B could C might D should12)

13、Johnny, you -play with the knife, you hurtyoursel fA. won* t; can* t B mustn1 t; may C shouldn* t; must D can* t; shouldn* t mustnf t13) Will you stay for lunch ? Sorry, My brother iscoming to see me.A. I mustn* t B I can* t C I needn t D I won t14) 一Could I borrow your dictionary ? Yes, of course y

14、ou A. might B will C can D should15) 一When can I come for the photos ? I need them tomorrow afternoon.They _be ready by 12:00.A. can B should C might D need16) The old man is always hunting the lions, so terrible things happen to him.A. might B would C should D could17) The fire spread through the h

15、otel very quickly but everyone get outA. had to B would C could D was able to18) Shall I tell John about it ? No, you I ve toldhim already. A. needn t B wouldn t C mustn* t D. shouldn t虛擬語氣；英語的動詞一般可帶有三種語氣;陳述語氣，祈使語氣，虛擬語氣不同的語氣 用不同的動詞形式來表示.虛擬語氣的基本作用是：1. 表達假設(shè)的情況，與事實相反；2. 表達異想天開很難實現(xiàn)的愿望；3. 表達建議、命令、勸告等語氣。常

16、用于辻條件狀語從句，主語從句，表語從句，賓語從句.A.虛擬語氣在辻條件狀語從句中的用法1) ：與現(xiàn)在事實相反：If +主語+動詞過去式，主語+should/would/could/might+動詞原形Eg; If there were no air, people would die.2) :與過去事實相反：If + 主語+had+動詞過去分詞，主語 + should/would/could/might+have + 過去 分詞Eg: If you had got up earlier, you would have caught the bus3）:與將來事實相反（假設(shè)將來的情況）If +主

17、語+ should/were to/過去式+動詞原形，主語+shou 1 d/wou ld/could/mi gh t+動詞原形Eg： If it were Sunday tomorrow, we wouldn t have an exam.If you were to visit the school tomorrow, you would see me.4）含蓄條件句中，虛擬語氣的用法.（含蓄條件句指不用條件從句，用其他形式 來表示假設(shè)情況的從句.）用with, without等介詞短語或分詞短語或者獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來替代條件從句.We might have failed without yo

18、ur help= We could might have failed if you hadn* t helped usHaving know that in time, we could have stopped it.=If we had known that in time, we could have stopped it.用相當(dāng)于辻的其他連詞表示虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)：Otherwise,否則，不然；in case,假如；but that,要不是；on condition that,條件是； unless, 除非； suppose/ supposing （that）假如；So long as,只要

19、；provided/providing （that）如果；虛擬條件句中的倒裝：在非真實條件句中，有were, had, should, would等詞時,可以省略if,將were, had, should, would放到主語前面，構(gòu)成倒裝.Eg: If I should meet her, I would tell her二Should I meet her, I would tell her.（省略，倒裝）B. 虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的用法: 在 suggest, insist, order, demand, request, command, propose, desire 等表建議,命令

20、或要求等動詞后的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣.注：suggest作”建議”解時，其后所跟賓語從句要用虛擬語氣.作”暗示，表明”解時,從句不用虛擬語氣.His face suggested that he was angry.Insist作”堅持說”解時，不用虛擬語氣作”堅決要求，硬要.”解時,用虛擬語氣.He insisted that he was innocent.他堅持說他是無辜的.C. 其他特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中的虛擬語氣1）wish后的賓語從句中要用虛擬語氣，而在虛擬語氣中時態(tài)的應(yīng)用類似在非 真實條件中從句時態(tài)的應(yīng)用。表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿茫褐髡Z+wish +從句（主語+過去時）；表示一個過去 沒有實現(xiàn)

21、的愿望用：主語+wish +從句（主語+過去完成時）；例（1）1 didn t go to the party, but I do wish I had been there.2）辻only +句子（過去時/過去完成時）“要是就好了”If only后面的句子如果是對現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r的虛擬，用過去時did ；如果 是對過去情況的虛擬，用過去完成時had done .要注意與辻區(qū)別，辻只表示 假設(shè)，“如果”，用真實語氣；而辻only表示不可能實現(xiàn)的悄況，用虛擬語 氣。例如：If only the alarm clock had rung.當(dāng)時鬧鐘響就好了。（對過去 虛擬）If only I were

22、 rich.要是我富有就好了。（對現(xiàn)在虛擬）3）would rather+句子（過去時）表示宇愿、宇可的意愿，語氣比較婉轉(zhuǎn)。后接過去式。例（1）1 am too busy these days. I would rather all of you came next month for a dinner.例（2） I d rather you didn t touch that, if you don t mind.4）it is time （that）, it is high time （that） 句型中，謂語動詞用過去 時，表示早該做而未做的事，意思是該了、早該了.例Lets finis

23、h our homework in a few seconds; its time we played footbal1例（2）Don t you think it is time you gave up smoking?5) 以as ift as though引導(dǎo)的從句在as if, as though引導(dǎo)的從句中，如果談?wù)摰氖遣豢赡芑虿徽鎸嵉那闆r 時，它們所引用的狀語從句要用虛擬語氣，動詞形式和Wish后面的從句動詞形 式變化相同。例：He talks as if he knew everything in the worldD, should+動詞原形及should的省略（1）、一些表示建議、要求、命令等的動詞本身隱含說話者主觀的意見。因 此這些動詞（或其變形，如名詞，形容詞，分詞等）后面的從句應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣， 即“should do”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中的“should”常被省略。如：表提議、建議”的動詞：suggest , advise, propose, recomme