初中賓語從句講解及練習(xí)

1、賓語從句在復(fù)合句中用作賓語的從句叫做賓語從句。它在句中可以充當(dāng)及物動(dòng)詞、介詞或形容詞的并與。賓語從句的三大考點(diǎn)即：引導(dǎo)詞、時(shí)態(tài)和語序。一、賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞1.that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句當(dāng)賓語從句是陳述句時(shí)，用連接詞that 引導(dǎo)， that 在口語、非正式文體中常被省略。He says(that) he has been to Shanghai twice.他說他去過上海兩次。She said (that) she went to the park last week. 她說她上周去公園了。2. 特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句當(dāng)賓語從句是特殊疑問句時(shí)，特殊疑問詞就是引導(dǎo)詞。特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句疑問

2、詞不可省略。Could you please tell me where we will have a meeting? 你能告訴我們將在哪兒開會(huì)嗎？I wondered what I should do next. 我想知道下一步該做什么。3. if 或 whether 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（ 1）當(dāng)賓語從句由一般疑問句變來時(shí)，要用 if 或 whether 引導(dǎo)，意為 “是否 ”。 If 和只起到連接作用，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般情況下可互換，但 if 常用于口語中，常用于正式文體中。whetherwhetherI want to know if /whether he is waiting for

3、 me.我想知道他是否在等我。Could you tell me if /whether you have been to Australia?你能告訴我你是否去過澳大利亞嗎？（ 2）下列情況下一般只能用 whether：與 or not 連用時(shí)I don t know whether he likes the movie or not我.不知道他喜不喜歡這部電影。作介詞的賓語時(shí)Everything depends on whether we have enough time. 一切取決于我們是否有足夠的時(shí)間。放在不定式前，與不定式組成詞組時(shí)She hasn t decided whether

4、 to go or not她.還沒決定去還是不去。作 discuss 等詞的賓語時(shí)We discussed whether we should close the shop.我們討論了是否該關(guān)閉那家商店。二、賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)（1）如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語從句可用其所需的任何時(shí)態(tài)。He says (that) he has seen this film. 他說他已經(jīng)看過這部電影了。He says (that) he is watching TV. 他說他正在看電視。（2）如果主句是一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句常用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。He said they would go to Hainan winter

5、 holiday.他說他們將去海南度假。She didn t know if they had seen the movie她.不知道他們是否看過那部電影了。注意：如果從句的內(nèi)容表示的是客觀真理或不可改變的自然現(xiàn)象等，雖然主句用了過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.老師告訴我們地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。The teacher said light travels faster than sound. 老師說光比聲音傳播得快。三、賓語從句的語序當(dāng)賓語從句是疑問句時(shí)，要用陳述語序。What s his

6、 father s他name?父親叫什么名字？I don t know what his father我s不name知道is?他父親叫什么名字？When will they leave for Shanghai? 你們什么時(shí)候去上海？Can you tell me when they will leave for Shanghai?你能告訴我他們什么時(shí)候去上海嗎？四、賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移當(dāng)賓語從句表示否定意義時(shí)，如果主語為第一人稱，謂語動(dòng)詞是think, believe, suppose,expect 等詞時(shí)，通常將否定轉(zhuǎn)移到主句的謂語動(dòng)詞中。I don t believe he will co

7、me我.相信他不會(huì)來了。I don t think there is anything wrong with the radio我.認(rèn)為這臺(tái)收音機(jī)沒有毛病。注意：1.當(dāng)賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移時(shí)， 若主句的主語是第一人稱，則該句的反意思疑問句由從句來決定。I don t think he is an honest boy, is he我?認(rèn)為他不是一個(gè)誠實(shí)的孩子，對嗎？2.若主句的主語不是第一人稱，則該句的反意疑問句由主句來決定。You believe he will come here soon, don你相信他tyou很快?就會(huì)來這兒，不是嗎？練習(xí)一、將下面的句子連接成為含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句。1

8、.These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2.Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.3.There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn t know.Jack didn t know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4.Can

9、they speak French? I want to know.I want to know _ _ _ _ French.5.Are the children playing games? Tell me.Tell me _ the children _ _ games.6.Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang _ _ _ _ _ homework yet.7.How many people can you see in the picture? Who kno

10、ws?Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture?8. Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you know _ _ _ her car?9. What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.10. Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don t know.I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly.11. Does he still live in that street? I dont k

11、now.I dont know _ he still _ in that street.12. Whats his name? I asked him.I asked him what _ _ _.13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.Please tell me _ _ _ _.14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys.He asked the boys _ they _ fried chicken.15. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I do

12、nt know.I dont know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai.二、完成句子1 I wanted to know_( 她在和誰交談)2 He said_( 他以前見過我)3 Im sorry for_( 我所做的事 )4 The teacher asked_( 誰能回答這個(gè)問題5 Jane said that_( 她將乘飛機(jī)去那里6 I wanted to know_( 她是否有一些錢)7 We havent decided_( 我們下一步該做什么8 I think that English is_( 沒有數(shù)學(xué)難 )9 Im not sure_( 昨天天氣

13、是否晴朗10 He asked me_( 是如何處理這件事的11 Do you know_( 是否要下雨 )12 I wanted to know_( 她是否來還是不來)三、用合適的連接詞填空。1. Jim told me _ he didnt go fishing yesterday afternoon. （ how, why）2. Do you know _ else is going to be on duty today ？（ who, whom ）3. She said _ it wouldnt matter much. （ that, if ）4. He always thinks

14、 _ he can do better. （ how, who ）5.I really dont know _ the bridge will be finished. （ how long, how soon ）6.They dont know _ to go or wait. (if, whether)7.We are talking about _ we ll go back tomorrow. (whether, if)8. I was really surprised at _ I saw. (where, what)9. I dont know _ so many people a

15、re looking at him. (how, why)10. Do you know _ you are studying for? (why, what)四、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1.“ Do you want to try it?” Toms mother 同asked義句 him).(Toms mother asked him _ _ _ to try it.2. I think this is a good idea. （改為否定句）I _ _ this _ a good idea.3. Lucy hasnt decided which trousers to buy. （改為復(fù)合句Lucy

16、hasnt decided _ _ _ _ buy.4.I dont know how I can get to the hospital. （改為簡單句I dont know _ _ _ to the hospital.5.I don t suppose they will come, _ _改?為(反意疑問句 )五、用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。1. We are sure that he _ (go) to school tomorrow.2. Do you know who _ (be) the first man to walk on the moon?3. Could you tell

17、 me where the post office _ (is)?4. Our father said that he _ (will) buy a new computer.5. I hear that he _ (swim) in the sea yesterday.6. The little boy tells us where his father _ (work).7. He said that he _ (finish) his work already.8. They thought they could _ (hike) to the top of the mountain.9

18、. He was glad that so many people _ (help) him.10. She doesn t know whether _ (go) or wait.六、選擇填空。() 1. What did Mike say? He said _.A. if you are free the next weekB. what color was itC. the weather is fineD. summer comes after spring) 2. Tom asked my friend _.A. where was he fromB. that the earth

19、is bigger than the moonC. when did he come backD. not to be so angry) 3. Let me tell you _.A. how much is the carB. how much does the car costC. how much did I pay for the carD. how much I spent on the car) 4. Peter knew _.A. whether he has finished reading the bookB. why the boy had so many questio

20、nsC. there were 12 months in a yearD. when they will leave for Paris) 5. Could you tell me _?A. where do you liveB. who you are waiting forC. who were you waiting forD. where you live in) 6. I cant understand _the boy alone.A. why she leftB. why did she leaveC. why she had leftD. why had she left) 7

21、. She told me the sun _ in the east.A. riseB. roseC. risesD. had risen) 8.I dont know _ up so early last Sunday.A. why did he getB. why he getsC. why does he getD. why he got) 9. The manager came up to see _.A. what was the matterB. what the matter wasC. what the matter isD. whats the matter) 10. He

22、 asked his father _.A. where it happensB. where did it happenC. how it happenedD. how did it happen) 11. No one tells us_, so we need your help.A. how we should doB. what should we doC. how to do itD. what to do it) 12. Could you please teach me _ the computer.A. how checkB. to checkC. how to checkD. to how checking) 13.They dont know _their parents are.A thatB whatC whyD which參考答案：一、1.that, were2.that, travels3.that, would be4.if/whether they can speak5.if/whether,are playing6.if/whether he had finished his7. how