英語本科畢業(yè)論文勸導與傲慢與偏見的比較研究

1、論文序號： 江西省高等教育自學考試英語專業(yè)本科畢業(yè)論文論文題目: the comparative study between persuasion and pride and prejudice論文作者：準考證號：工作單位：指導老師：主考學校：南昌理工學院完成時間： 2015 年3月26日勸導與傲慢與偏見的比較研究abstract: jane austen was a popular english novelist in late 18th and early 19th centuries. during her short span of life time, she completed

2、6 novels, with 4 of them published in life, sense and sensibility (1811), pride and prejudice (1813), mansfield park (1814), emma (1816), and the other 2, northanger abbey and persuasion were published posthumously in 1818, sanditon a novel she died before completing it. yet, most of her works recei

3、ved only lukewarm attention at the time of their publication. persuasion, a posthumously published novel which tells a love affair between anne elliot the heroine and captain wentworth, is a typical example, out of speculation of jane austens inability to produce quality prose for her deteriorating

4、state of health, literary reviews and critics at the time viewed persuasion as an “unfortunate performance” when compared to her previous works. a novel lacked invention and was merely viewed as a better version of her practice of story writing. however, through comparison with her earlier canons, e

5、specially pride and prejudice, persuasion for the first time in history introduces a heroine who is attempting to value emotion over reason, individual happiness over propriety, and it marks jane austens final assertion of the validity and worth of female emotions that it is the right of woman to fu

6、lfill her own happiness instead of her duty to family and society.through looking into the issues of first impressions, judgement for personal merits and the revolutionary influences. this comparative study proves that instead of being lowly credited as a mediocre performance of the author, persuasi

7、on stands out as a revolt against jane austens usual ideas and perceptions of the worth of female emotions. in addition, by comparison of the allusive elements existing between persuasion and pride and prejudice, this thesis reveals jane austens shift in value and her core concern towards what is re

8、asonable and what is desirable, which may just be the motives that compel the author to write especially persuasion and pride and prejudice.keywords: jane austen ; persuasion; pride and prejudice; female emotions; persuit of happiness摘要：簡奧斯丁，一個受歡迎的18世紀末、19世紀初的英國小說家，在她生命的短時間，她完成了6個小說,其中4發(fā)表在生活中，理智與情感(

9、1811)，傲慢與偏見(1813)、曼斯菲爾德莊園(1814)，艾瑪(1816)，另外兩篇，諾桑覺寺和勸導是在1818年去世后出版，她去世之前完成了桑迪頓這篇文章。然而，她的大部分作品，在其發(fā)布時只獲得了不冷不熱的關注。本文通過對簡奧絲汀去世后才發(fā)表的作品勸導與傲慢與偏見進行對比研究，以分析證明勸導這篇作品其重要的意義，以及表述我對奧斯丁其本人的一些思想上的理解。勸導，是一篇奧斯丁去世后出版的小說，它描寫著安妮埃利奧特的女主角和特沃思上校之間的戀情，這在當時是一個經典的劇本，這也從側面說明了簡奧斯汀因為她不斷惡化的健康而無法寫出高質量的散文。當時的文學評論和批評人士認為相比她以前的作品勸導就像

10、是一段“不幸的婚姻”。他們認為小說缺乏創(chuàng)新。然而,通過與她早期經典傲慢與偏見和勸導這兩篇文章，首次引入了一個女主角的價值情感原因，表述個人幸福高于整體，這是簡奧斯丁對女性情感的價值的最后斷言，她選擇滿足她自己的幸福而不是家庭和社會的義務，這就是女性的權利。本文通過對比勸導與傲慢與偏見之間的實質內容及其作者對不同的兩篇小說中人物的刻畫的差異來揭示簡奧絲汀的個人價值觀。通過第一印象的刻畫,判斷作者的個人優(yōu)點其作品的革命性的影響。這種比較研究能夠較為嚴謹?shù)娜プC明我的觀點。而不是隨意的把作者當做是一個平凡之輩來看待。勸導是簡奧斯丁反抗當時的主流思想和當時對女性情感的價值的態(tài)度。此外，在勸導和傲慢與偏之

11、間還有一些作者想要表達的一些深層意思，本文揭示了簡奧斯丁的“轉移價值”和她對“什么是合理的”“什么是可取的”等一些問題的看法。這可能是一種使作者寫勸導和傲慢與偏見的動機。 contents. introduction51.the research background52.the framework53.research purpose5.value and philosophy61. first impressions72. judgement for personal merits83. revolutionary influence9. the framework characteris

12、tics101. misrecognition112. middle daughters and missing parental guidance123. letters13. reason and desire14. conclusion16references18. introduction1.the research backgroundjane austen, an english novelist of late 18th and early 19th centuries, during her short span of life time, she completed 6 no

13、vels, with 4 of them published in life, sense and sensibility (1811), pride and prejudice 1austen, jane. 2003 . pride and prejudice m. penguin books, version 3 page 3. (1813), mansfield park (1814), emma (1816), and the other 2, northanger abbey and persuasion 2austen, jane. persuasion. http:/ colle

14、. on april 3 , 2015.were published posthumously in 1818, sanditon a novel which death had forced her to abandon. jane austen, a beloved literary figure whose works of romantic fiction, set among the landed gentry, earned her a place as one of the most popular female writers in english

15、 literature, her realism and biting social commentary cementing her historical importance among scholars and critics.2.research frameworkthroughcomparingandanalyzingthedifferentvalueoftheirrespectivecharacteristics.underthesocialbackgroundofthattime,theanalysisofthetwoworkshaveavatalsignificance.fin

16、ally,analyzingjaneaustensworkanditssocialmeaning,andthenreachingsomecorrespondingconclusions. 3.research purposeafter its publication, persuasion did not receive much favourable attentions, literary reviews and critics at the time hold that persuasion is a mediocre performance when compared to her p

17、revious volumes, “a much less fortunate performance thanher previous novels” and was viewed as little more than a substandard version of her practice of writing stories, “devoid of invention.obviously all drawn from experience” (southam3southam, b c. e d. jane austen. 1968. the critical heritage m.

18、london, routledge & kegan paul, version 1 page 3.). for years, these kinds of opinion consisted the consensus about jane austens final contribution to the world of literature. however, through comparing to her earlier canons, especially pride and prejudice, persuasion for the first time in history i

19、ntroduces a heroine who is attempting to value emotion over reason, individual happiness over propriety, and marks jane austens final assertion of the validity and worth of female emotions that it is the right of woman to fulfill her own happiness instead of her duty to family and society. through c

20、arefully examining the similarities and differences existing between persuasion and pride and prejudice, this thesis intends to prove that instead of being lowly credited as a mediocre work of the author, jane austen wrote a revolutionary volume, for in persuasion she reflects her renewed and final

21、assertion of the worth of female emotions and individual happiness upon creating anne elliot the heroine who is a woman attempting to unchain the societal and familial constraints in her pursuit of love and happiness. in addition, this thesis is to discuss the possibility of a framework of language

22、of allusion existing in these two bookends of her career, and to argue austens intention to write persuasion as a reconsideration of her world view and perception on the value of female emotion in love and marriage in writing pride and prejudice. finally,byextendingtosomeeventsoftheauthor,thisthsisr

23、evealsjaneaustensconcerntowardsreasonanddesire,whicharethetruemotivesthatshehadinmindinwriting persuasion and pride and prejudice. value and philosophypersuasion, after its publication, did not receive much favourable attentions. literary reviews and critics at the time hold that persuasion is a med

24、iocre performance when compared to her previous volumes. since these kinds of opinion were mainly based upon the popular assumption that persuasion was written in a hurry as jane austen was at the twilight stage of her life, it must be admitted that compared to her previous works, in this thesis, pr

25、ide and prejudice, it is both shorter and arguably less polished, but a criticism of persuasion as lacking invention and as the same old story is both inapt and unjust, for a closer look at persuasion, reveals it to be an attempt of the author to revolt her mindset and perception reflected in her pr

26、evious canons or more specifically in pride and prejudice. through analysis of the following issues: first impressions, judgement for personal merits, and revolutionary influences, the true worth of persuasion would be revealed.1. first impressionsthe legitimacy and accountability of first impressio

27、ns has always been contemplated by jane austen, who, both in pride and prejudice and persuasion, dedicates considerable portion of the plots to explain her position on the matter. at the start of pride and prejudice, mr. darcy was portrayed as a proud aristocrat with a snobbish tast, a man who delib

28、erately distances himself from the rest, gives a general impression as“a most disagreeable, horrid man, not at all worth pleasing. so high and so conceited that there was no enduring him! . fancying himself so very great! not handsome enough to dance with!.”, and as for elizabeth bennet, after overh

29、earing mr. darcys casual opinion of her being “tolerable; but not handsome enough” the proud image of mr.darcy is once more reinforced, even mr. darcy s rigid behaviour is not without ground, as when he is encouraged by mr. bingley to find a partner for dancing, he explains his unwillingness as “unl

30、ess i am particularly acquainted with my partner”that he would remain as unobliging as he is. nevertheless, mr. darcys prudence is misrecognized for arrogance by the heroine, and it paves the way for her rejection of his first love proposal. here, jane austen questions the legitimacy and accountabil

31、ity of ones first impressions, as she continues the plot to clarify the true characters of mr. darcy as a considerable and sensible gentleman with dignity and principle. however, in persuasion, jane austen takes a totally different position as she portrays anne elliot to possess a much better judgem

32、ent for characters, “a remarkably fine young man, with a great deal of intelligence, spirit, and brilliancy”sums up her initial impressions of captain wentworth; “rational, discreet, polished, not open, no burst of feeling”as her initial impressions of william elliot, and both impressions prove to b

33、e accurate at the end of the plot. unlike the “spoiled” elizabeth bennet, anne elliot is not among the favourites of her family, her unspectacular life of a commoner offends her father, who appreciates nothing but elevated ranks and appearance, and her older sister elizabeth only sees her as a nobod

34、y but an instrument for practical use, her only consolation comes from the guidance of a lady russell whose help happens to be not so “helpful”. for anne elliot lives in such an unsupportive surrounding, she must rely upon her own good judgement, which to a great extent, roots in her instinct for ge

35、nuineness in affection, and a longing for an unwearied marriage with simple happiness, of which in the end of the plot becomes eventuated. 2. judgement for personal meritsthe author had, both in pride and prejudice and persuasion, discussed the issue of jugdement for personal merits, which evolves f

36、rom admiring mr. darcy, a young aristocrat with large inheritance to eulogizing the rising bourgeoisie represented by captain wentworth and the crofts, who come from common lineage, acquire their wealth and social prominence through sacrificing and toiling for the country. “they were of a respectabl

37、e family in the north of england; a circumstance more deeply impressed on their memories than that their brothers fortune and their own had been acquired by trade.”, in pride and prejudice, though as wealthy as mr. darcy, mr. bingley is still treated to be somewhat inferior by the general opinion, f

38、or mr. darcys elevated rank is naturally inherited, and mr. bingley, a rankless man, only with money to be recommended with. it is certainly convenient for jane austen to arrange elizabeth bennet to be coupled with the wealthiest and most aristocratic man introduced in the novel, and her older and s

39、impler sister marries the man whose money was acquired through trade. yet, in persuasion, jane austen demonstrates her evolved perception for the same issue. “first, as being the means of bringing persons of obscure birth into undue distinction, and raising men to honours which their fathers and gra

40、ndfathers never dreamt of”. as one of the two objections, sir. walter elliot has against the navy, it clearly expresses his disgust at the profession, through which a commoner may rise into prominent position, where under normal circumstances, they would not be dreamt of. however, the baronets embar

41、rassing financial situation speaks for the general trend of a waning aristocrat, his vanity and extravagant life style has forced him to be removed from kellynch hall his usual manor, which is ironically leased by a retired admiral croft, and of course, his daughter the heroine marries a naval capta

42、in as well. at persuasions conclusion, instead of a confirmation of the world being at peace the way it was with inherited wealth reigning supreme over englands economy, jane austen shows her readership a radical assertion that money and power are indeed shifting away from the impotent aristocracy,

43、and instead to this class of self-made individuals.3. revolutionary influence the turn of the 19th century is a time when great changes have happened to challenge the existing values and social orders. politically, it is called an era of revolutions, intellectually it is called an era of enlightenme

44、nt. in the continental europe, the old feudal lords tremble at the feet of napoleons troops, in the new world across the altantic ocean, the american colonists have just gained their independence through a bloody struggle, and for the first time in history, “persuit of happiness” has been recognised

45、 as an unalienable right of a human being. in 1792, 26 years prior to the publication of persuasion, mary wollstonecraft wrote the vindication of the rights of woman, in which, she speaks of a melancholy truth-“the most respectable women are the most oppressed” and she cries for the equality of woma

46、n as she points out the potential that her gender possesses, “women who might have practiced as physicians, regulated a farm, managed a shop, and stood erect, supported by their own industry”. then, she reveals the consequence of being a contemptible woman as she speaks “if they women will make them

47、selves insignificant and contemptible,. let them not expect to be valued when their beauty fades” (spievogel4spielvogel, jackson. cite. mary wollstonecraft. 2005. vindication of the rights of woman. western civilization a brief historym. boston, wadsworth, a division of thomson learning,version 2 pa

48、ge 5.) . those are just the realities that jane austen had put anne elliot into. as an old maid with faded youth, would she be able to summon enough courage to overcome the guilty feeling of rejecting wentworth 7 year ago? has she got the gut to break loose the societal and familial expectations and

49、 follow her own heart which is set for wentworth, a man who is despised by her own family? the answer that jane austen gives clearly indicates her evolved perception of the true worth of female emotion that it is right of woman to pursue her own happiness regardless the expectations placed upon them

50、 by society and family, a perception surely qualifies for a revolution.persuasion is also the first novel where jane austen portrays genuinely impoverished and lower class characters like mrs. smith and her nurse. mrs. smith used to be a member of the gentry, but after the death of her husband, she

51、lost everything and became destitute in her widowhood. considering that most austens heroines are gentlewomen on the brink of poverty. mrs. smith is certainly a very unconventional character for anne elliot to befriend with. in her last novel, jane austen finally shows her readership the darker side

52、 of the social and economical issue that she has been tiptoeing around for her entire career. women can not own or inherit property, and so without advocacy and support, and as a result, they are prone to fall into destitution. in anger to annes association with mrs. smith, sir. walter elliot says t

53、hat “everything that revolts other people, low company, paltry rooms, foul air, disgusting associations, are inviting to you” (austen). and indeed, anne dose not shy away from her visits with the lower class, which serves to show her defying character that she sees the worth of people from another d

54、imension and it does showcase annes personal and revolutionary goodness. the framework characteristicssome argue that in order to show her own shift of ideals, valuing the emotional over the reasonable, and demonstrate how a woman can adapt to such shift in values, jane austen wrote her last novel p

55、ersuasion to be in dialogue to her earlier work pride and prejudice. “almost as a privatized discourse for austens own benefit.” tarlson5tarlson, c eileen. jane austen. 2006. persuasion and the pursuit of happiness m. lethbridge undergraduate research journal，volume 1 number 1., the form of which th

56、is dialogue has taken is made of various elements of allusion, which superficially may find their resembling correspondents in pride and prejudice, but the guiding philosophy and principles in portraying these elements are in stark contrast. and the following part of this thesis will discuss a possi

57、ble framework of allusion existing between persuasion and pride and prejudice through discussing the following issues. the philosophical concept of “misrecognition”; the middle daughters and the missing parental guidance; and the letters.1. misrecognitionin both persuasion 6wikipedia . jane austen .

58、 online source : /wiki/jane austen. on april 5,2015.and pride and prejudice, jane austen employs the philosophical tool of dialectical progression to help her heroines to reach a better understanding of both herself and people around her, and eventually to discern a general truth. “hegel in literature,” philosopher zizek once rated the author. whether jane austen read about hegel or not, she has been widely recognized as the one writer who has a refined understanding over human intera