定語(yǔ)從句與賓語(yǔ)從句

1、本文檔如對(duì)你有幫助，請(qǐng)幫忙下載支持！定語(yǔ)從句與賓語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句一 . 定語(yǔ)從句的基本概念 在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的有 關(guān)系代詞 who, whom, whose, which, that 和關(guān)系副詞 where, when, why 。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中 擔(dān)任句子成份。例： This is the boy who often helps me.二 . 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功能 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間起紐帶作用，使二者聯(lián)系起來(lái)。關(guān) 系代詞和關(guān)系副詞又在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。關(guān)系代詞可作

2、主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系副詞可作狀語(yǔ)。1. 作主語(yǔ) ：關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)須和先行詞一致。 例： I don t like people who talk much but do little.2. 作賓語(yǔ)例： She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.3. 作定語(yǔ) ：關(guān)系代詞 whose 在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)用。例： What s teh name of the young man whose father is a doctor?4. 作狀語(yǔ)例： I ll never forget th

3、e day when I first came to Beijing.三 . 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法1. who 指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。例： The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.2. whom 指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可省略。例： Do you know the young man （ whom ） we met at the gate？3. whose 指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)。例： The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.4. which

4、 指物，在定語(yǔ)從中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。例： A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.5. that 多指物，有時(shí)也指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。例： Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?6. when 指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。例： I ll never forget the tim ewhen we worked on the farm.7. where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。例： The factory

5、 where his father works is in the east of the city.【注意 】關(guān)系代詞 whom， which 在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句 之間，有時(shí)為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將 whom 與 which 與先行詞緊挨著書(shū)寫(xiě)， 而將介詞置于定語(yǔ)從句的后面。例： That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.= That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.四 . 特殊用法1. 只用 that 不用 which 的

6、情況（ 1）先行詞是 all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代詞時(shí)。例： All that he said is true.（ 2）先行詞被 only, no, any, one of 等詞修飾時(shí)。例： The giant panda is one of the most lovely animals in the world that live in the mountains of China.本文檔如對(duì)你有幫助，請(qǐng)幫忙下載支持?。?）先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞。例： The desk is the second thi

7、ng that I have made. . （4）先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的詞。例： This is the best book that I have read this year.（ 5）先行詞既包括人又包括物時(shí)。例： He talked about the people and the things that he remembered.2. 只用 which 不用 that 的情況（ 1）在非限制性定語(yǔ)從中。例： The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.（ 2）定語(yǔ)從句由介詞 +關(guān)系 代詞引導(dǎo)

8、，先行詞是物時(shí)。例： The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)1. Yesterday Li Ming went to the village he visited five years ago.A. where B. who C. that2. The girl is reading is my sisterA. whoB. whomC. which3. They like to live in a house is not very big but bright and comfortable .A.

9、 thatB. whoC. what4. When she got home, the first thing she did was to clean the house.A. whichB. whatC. that5. Running man is a very relaxing TV program is hot among the young people.A. whatB. whichC. who6. The photo taken by my brother last week is very nice.A. which wereB. that wereC. which was7.

10、 China has the world s long-sepset ehdig rhailway we are proud of.A. thatB. whichC. what8. Those people and exciting stories happened in the movie are well worth learning to us.A. whichB. whoC. that9. I dont like those talk much but do little.A. whoB. whoseC. which10. - Dad, Im hungry. Do we have an

11、ything to eat?- You can have some bread from the supermarket. Its on the table.A. which I am buyingB. that I will buyC. that I bought11. - What are you going to do this summer vacation?- Im going to start a club to help students not interested in schoolwork.A. who is B. that is C. who are12. - Dont

12、eat too much junk food.- Youre right. However, I do like the food tastes good.A. that B. whatC. when13. - Hi, Kimmy. Do you know Jam Hsiao?- Sure. He is a popular singer comes from Taiwan.A. who B. which C. Whom14. I walked in our garden, Tom and Jim were trying a big sign onto one of the trees.本文檔如

13、對(duì)你有幫助，請(qǐng)幫忙下載支持！A. whichB. whereC. that15. I can think of many cases （ 例子） students obviously （ 明顯地 ） knew a lot of English words andexpressions （表達(dá) ） but couldn t write a good ess （a文y 章）.A. whyB. whichC. where16. - Why does she always ask you for help?- There is no one else , is there?A. who to turn

14、 to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn17. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, the sailing time was 226 days.A. of whichB. during whichC. from which18. Alec asked the policeman he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.A. with himB. whoC. with whom19. The s

15、un heats the earth, makes it possible to grow crops.A. whichB. thatC. where20. Is this the factory you visited last week?A. whereB. whichC. when賓語(yǔ)從句一. 賓語(yǔ)從句的分類 賓語(yǔ)從句是一種名詞性從句， 在句中作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)或介詞的賓語(yǔ)。 根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的不同連詞， 賓語(yǔ)從句可分為三類。1. 由 that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。連詞 that只起連接作用，在從句中不作句子成分，沒(méi)有實(shí)在的意義，在口語(yǔ)和 非正式文體中常常省略。例：He knew （ that

16、） he should work hard.2. 由連接代詞 who, whom, whose, what, which 等和連接副詞 when, where, why, how 等引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。這 些連接代詞和連接副詞起連接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意義。例：I wonder where he got so much money.3. 由 if 或 whether 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。 If 和 whether 起連接作用，在從句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解， 在口語(yǔ)中多用 if。例：He asked me whether （ if ） I could help him.二. 賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序

17、 賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序是陳述句語(yǔ)序，即“連接詞+主語(yǔ) +謂語(yǔ)+其它成分”。特別強(qiáng)調(diào)：它的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序是陳述句語(yǔ)序，而不是疑問(wèn)句的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例：Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? 注意：陳述句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要注意人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，語(yǔ)序不變。一般疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ) 從句時(shí)，也要注意人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，后面接陳述句語(yǔ)序。例：She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.”She said she would leave a message on the desk.“ Where are the tickets

18、?” I asked him.I asked him where the tickets were.三. 賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài) 賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，常常受到主句謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)的制約，這就是時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)。如果主句謂語(yǔ)是一般 現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)不受限制；如果主句謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句一般要隨著改為相 應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)（一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)） 。例： Please tell us where he is.本文檔如對(duì)你有幫助，請(qǐng)幫忙下載支持！He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.注意： 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句敘述的是

19、客觀真理時(shí)，不管主句謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)如何，從句都用 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 。例： The teacher told us （that） the earth moves around the sun.四 . 賓語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 例：（ 1） I will go out tomorrow if it is fine.（ 2） I don t know if the train has arrived.句（ 1）中 if 引 導(dǎo)的是狀語(yǔ)從句。這個(gè)從句表示“條件” ，修飾主句。整個(gè)句子的意思是如果明天天氣 好，我就出去。句（ 2）中 if 引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句，充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞dont konw 的賓語(yǔ)。整個(gè)句子的意思

20、是我不知道火車(chē)是否到達(dá)。判斷方法：1. 可以從整個(gè)句式看。狀語(yǔ)從句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（個(gè)別除外） ，賓語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句謂 語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后。2. 從引導(dǎo)詞看。 if 充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞時(shí)，相當(dāng)于whether， 詞義為“是否” ，充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞時(shí)，詞義為“如果” 。 when 充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞時(shí)，意為“什么時(shí)候” ，充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞時(shí)， 意為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候” 。3. 從時(shí)態(tài)看。 if 和 when 作連接詞時(shí)，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句要注意：從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)作 相應(yīng)的變化。 if 和 when 充當(dāng)從屬連詞時(shí)， 引導(dǎo)條件和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句， 若主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，

21、 則從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。賓語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)1. - I m afraid I can t remember .- In Beijing, I think.A. where did I first meet youB. where I first met youC. when I first met you2. - Can you find out our city a lot in the last few years?- Yes. The road is wider and the buildings are taller.A. has changed B. changesC. ch

22、anged3. - Do you know Jenny comes to school every day?- Of course I do. She rides her bike A. whether B. whenC. how4. - Are you sure you have to? It s been very late.- I don t know I can dito if not now.A.where B. howC. when5. - Amy, do you know if Daniel to the farm with us tomorrow if it ?- Sorry,

23、 I ve no idea.A. will go; will rainB. will go; rainsC. goes; will rain6. I don t know i f_ h_e to the party. I will let you know if he .A. will come; comesB. will come; will comeC. comes; comes7. - Could you tell me ?- By searching the Internet.A. how you got the informationB. when you got the infor

24、mationC. how did you get the information本文檔如對(duì)你有幫助，請(qǐng)幫忙下載支持！8. - Are you clear about the trip next Saturday?- One more thing. I want to know .A. that Mr. Yang will goB. if Mr. Yang will go or notC. whether Mr. Yang will go9. Do you know tomorrow ?C.when she will comeA. when did she comeB. when will she come10. Could you tell me ?A. what she had done with the newspaperB. which is the way to the nearest hospitalC. wh