高考英語(yǔ)試題分類匯編——語(yǔ)法填空(完整解析版)

1、2014年高考英語(yǔ)試題分類匯編之語(yǔ)法填空 (完整解析版)1.【2014年全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷】第二節(jié) 閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（不多于3個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。（共10 小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）are you facing a situation that looking impossible to fix?in 1969, the pollution is terrible along the cuyahoga river near cleveland, ohio. it 61 (be)imaginable that it could be ever be cleane

2、d up. the rive was so polluted that it 62 (actual) caught fire and burned. now year late, this rive is one of 63 most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.but river wasnt changed in a few days 64 even a few months. it took years of work 65 (reduce) industrial pollution and clean the water.

3、finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 66 (clean) than ever.maybe you are facing an impossible situation. maybe you have a habit 67 is driving your family crazy. possibly you drink too much or dont know how to control your credit card use. when you face such impossible si

4、tuation, dont you want a quick fix and something to change immediately.while there are 68 (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the 69 (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. just be 70 (patience)【答案】61. was62. actually63. the

5、64. or65. to reduce66. cleaner67. that/ which68. amazing69. changes70. patient【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文。文中論述了當(dāng)人們遇到看起來(lái)不可能做的事情時(shí)應(yīng)該怎樣做呢？61. was【解析】根據(jù)上文提到的事發(fā)生在1969年，所以這里應(yīng)該用過(guò)去式。62. actually【解析】這里應(yīng)該用副詞來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞caught，actual(實(shí)際的)是形容詞，所以要填副詞actually。63. the【解析】這里one of + cn.(pl)，表示“之一”；the most outstanding是最高級(jí)，用來(lái)修飾examples

6、，形容詞的最高級(jí)與定冠詞連用。64. or【解析】河流在幾天或甚至幾個(gè)月之后沒(méi)有多大的改善，這里是兩個(gè)時(shí)間短語(yǔ)表示選擇關(guān)系，所以填or。65. to reduce【解析】減少工業(yè)污染即變成凈水需要幾年的工作時(shí)間。這里的句式是：it takes + some time + to do sth.做某事花某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，這里應(yīng)該填動(dòng)詞不定式。66. cleaner【解析】現(xiàn)在河里的水比以前更清了。根據(jù)后面的比較連詞than可知這里應(yīng)該用比較級(jí)，所以填cleaner。67. that/ which【解析】也許你有一個(gè)能使你家人發(fā)瘋的習(xí)慣。這里先行詞是habit，指物用that或which來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，

7、且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，不能省略。68. amazing【解析】這里應(yīng)該用形容詞來(lái)修飾后面的名詞，amazing指令人吃驚的，amazed指人感到吃驚的。這里不是用來(lái)修飾人的，故填amazing。69. changes【解析】對(duì)于我們大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，變化是逐漸的，需要很多努力和工作。因?yàn)檫@里缺少句子主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞are可知主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填changes。70. patient【解析】需要的是耐心。patient(耐心)是名詞，而空格前有系動(dòng)詞be，所以這里應(yīng)該填的是形容詞patient。2.【2014年全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷ii】第二節(jié) （共10 小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空

8、白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（不多于3個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。one morning, i was waiting at the bus stop, worried about 61 (be) late for school. there were many people waiting at the bus stop, 62 some of them looked very anxious and 63 (disappoint). when the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. i got a place next 64 the wind

9、ow, so i had a good view of the sidewalk .a boy on a bike 65 (catch) my attention. he was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. i heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused 66 (stop ) until we reached the next stop. still, the boy kept 67 (ride). he was carrying somethin

10、g over his shoulder and shouting. finally, when we came to the next stop , the boy ran up to the door of the bus . i heard an excited conversation .then the driver stoop up and asked, “ 68 anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop ?” a woman on the bus shouted, “oh dear! it is 69 (i)”. she pushed her

11、way to the driver and to the little boy. everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done .and the passengers 70 (sudden) became friendly to one another. 【答案】61. being62. and63. disappointed64. to65. caught66. to stop67. riding68. did69. me/mine70. suddenly【文章大意】本文屬于記敘文，記敘了作者在汽車上所見(jiàn)到的事情。

12、盡管車上的人很多，但是人們看起來(lái)很冷漠。后來(lái)作者發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)男孩騎著自行車緊跟在汽車的后面，原來(lái)他是前來(lái)詢問(wèn)是否有人丟了包。他的善良 誠(chéng)實(shí)感動(dòng)了所有的人，人們之間也有了友好的交流，汽車上的氣氛也變得和諧融洽了。61. being【解析】考查動(dòng)名詞。介詞about后應(yīng)該跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞，故答案填being。62. and【解析】考查連詞。根據(jù)內(nèi)容可知前后是順承關(guān)系，故用and。63. disappointed【解析】考查形容詞。由前面可知人們感到失望，用-ed結(jié)尾形容詞。64. to【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)表達(dá)。固定短語(yǔ) next to 意為“靠近，臨近”，答案填to。65. caught【解析】考查動(dòng)詞

13、時(shí)態(tài)。 根據(jù)故事內(nèi)容可知是講述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，填caught。66. to stop【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)的表達(dá)。固定短語(yǔ)refuse to do sth意思是“拒絕做某事”，所以填to stop。67. riding【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)的表達(dá)。固定短語(yǔ)keep doing sth意思是“一直做某事”。68. did【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。此處是詢問(wèn)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)是lose所以用助動(dòng)詞did。69. me /mine【解析】考查代詞。從語(yǔ)境判斷此處是做表語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)“是我的包，或者是我丟了包”，填me或mine。70. suddenly【解析】考查副詞。此處是修飾動(dòng)

14、詞，所以應(yīng)該用副詞做狀語(yǔ)，填suddenly。3.【2014年上海卷】ii. grammar and vocabulary section adirections: after reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. for the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other

15、blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(a) my stay in new yorkafter graduation from university, i had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. so i decided to leave home for new york, (25)_ i might have a better chance to find a good job. (26)_(earn) some money to pay the dail

16、y expenses, i started work in a local caf as a waiter. i believed that (27)_ _ _ i was offered a good position, i would resign at once.over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already (28)_ (exhaust) shoulder. on the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with

17、 much success. as i had studied literature at university, i found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. mother had just said that (29)_ i wanted to have a better career advancement, i had to find work in the city. perhaps (30)_ my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mi

18、nd. i just did as she had expected.soon i had lived in the city for over six months but i still did not like it. apparently, i had difficulty (31)_(adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. after nine months of frustration, i eventually decided to go back to my small

19、town. not until i returned (32)_ i realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.【答案】25. where26. to earn27. as soon as / as long as28. exhausted 29. if30. what31. adapting 32. did文章大意：文章介紹作者大學(xué)畢業(yè)后為了有機(jī)會(huì)找到更好的工作。到了紐約，臨時(shí)在一個(gè)咖啡店做服務(wù)員，但是一直都沒(méi)有再找到適合的工作，生活的壓力使他疲憊，最終回到原來(lái)的小鎮(zhèn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)這才是最適合自己的。25. where【解析】我決定到紐約，

20、在那里我可能會(huì)有機(jī)會(huì)找到更好的工作。這里使用定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是new york,定語(yǔ)從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，用where 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。26. to earn【解析】為了掙錢(qián)付日常開(kāi)銷，我開(kāi)始在當(dāng)?shù)乜Х鹊曜龇?wù)員。這里用不定式做目的狀語(yǔ)，填to earn。27. as soon as/ as long as【解析】我相信只要我被提供一個(gè)好的職位，我就立刻辭職。考查連詞：“只要，一旦”填“as soon as/ as long as”。28. exhausted【解析】過(guò)了一段時(shí)間，高生活成本在我已經(jīng)疲憊的肩膀成了一個(gè)負(fù)擔(dān)?？疾樾稳菰~“疲憊的”：exhausted。29. if【解析】媽媽說(shuō)過(guò)，若我

21、想有個(gè)更好的事業(yè)進(jìn)步，我就得到城市里找工作。填連詞“如果”：if。30. what【解析】媽媽說(shuō)的話深深的扎根到我的思想中了。what引導(dǎo)的是主語(yǔ)從句。31. adapting【解析】很顯然我適應(yīng)城市的生活有困難。這里使用了have difficulty in doing sth，所以填動(dòng)名詞：adapting。32. did【解析】直到我回來(lái)我才發(fā)現(xiàn)安靜的小鎮(zhèn)生活對(duì)我才是最好的。not until放在句首，后面的主句要倒裝。用助動(dòng)詞did提到主語(yǔ)前面。(b) the giant vending machine (自動(dòng)售貨機(jī)) is a new village shop villagers h

22、ave long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. however, help is now nearer at hand in form of the countrys first automatic push-button shop. now residents in the derbyshire village of clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a

23、 pub in the village this week. peter fox, who is (33)_electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project. the machine (34)_ (equip) with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window. mr. fox said he hoped his inventio

24、n, (35)_ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities. he said: “i had this idea a few years ago but i couldnt find a manufacture who could deliver what i wanted, so i did it by (36)_. the result is what

25、 amounts to huge outdoor vending machine. yet i think the term automatic shop is far (37)_ (appropriate)” in recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains (38)_ (force )village shops across the country to close. in 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, (39)_ (ur

26、ge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new communities stores. hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their won volunteer-run shops, but mr. fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution (40)_those villages without a local shop.【答案】3

27、3. an34. is equipped35. which36. myself 37. more appropriate38. has forced39. urging40. to文章大意：一個(gè)電力工程師花了兩年半的時(shí)間從事的項(xiàng)目，在沒(méi)有商店的村子安裝自動(dòng)售貨機(jī)，想給沒(méi)有商店的村子提供一個(gè)解決的方法。33. an【解析】一個(gè)電力工程師花了兩年半的時(shí)間從事這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。這里考查冠詞，泛指“一個(gè)電力工程師，用不定冠詞，electrical是元音開(kāi)頭的單詞，所以用an。34. is equipped【解析】這個(gè)機(jī)器配備有安全攝像機(jī)和警報(bào)?？疾樵~組“配備有”be equipped with ,因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)是單

28、數(shù)，所以用 is equipped。35. which【解析】這句話用了非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是invention，定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)用which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。36. myself【解析】根據(jù)上文的句子：可知沒(méi)有生產(chǎn)商愿意將他的想法生產(chǎn)出來(lái)，所以他就自己做了。考查詞組by oneself“獨(dú)自”，填myself。37. more appropriate【解析】我想用“自動(dòng)商店”這個(gè)名字更合適。far后面接形容詞的比較級(jí)：more appropriate。38. has forced【解析】近幾年，來(lái)自超市連鎖店的壓力已經(jīng)迫使鄉(xiāng)村商店關(guān)門(mén)，實(shí)際上recent years，和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，因?yàn)?/p>

29、主語(yǔ)是pressure所以謂語(yǔ)是單數(shù)：has forced。39. urging【解析】估計(jì)有400家鄉(xiāng)村商店關(guān)閉了，強(qiáng)烈要求政府提供經(jīng)濟(jì)支持給這些瀕臨倒閉的商店或是建立新的社區(qū)商店。這里用現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語(yǔ)：urging。40. to【解析】fox先生希望這個(gè)新的發(fā)明給沒(méi)有商店的村子提供一個(gè)解決的方法。使用詞組offer sth to sb.所以填to。section bdirections: complete the following passage by using the words in the box. each word can only be used once. note th

30、at there is one word more than you need.a. alert b. classifyc. commitd. delicatelye. gentlef. imposeg. labels h. moderationi. relievej. signalsk. simplylets say youve decided you want to eat more healthfully. however, you dont have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food 41 at the superm

31、arket. since you really 42 yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldnt it? this is where a choice architect can help 43 some of the burden of doing it all yourself. choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. for example

32、, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket- including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled upis a choice architect.governments dont have to 44 healthier lifestyles through lawsfor example, smoking bans. rather, if given an environment created by a c

33、hoice architect one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things. in other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. this idea combines freedom to choose with 45 hints from choice architects,

34、who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.the british and swedish governments have introduced a so-called traffic light system to 46 foods as healthy or unhealthy. this means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains 47 by looking a

35、t the lights on the package. a green light 48 that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be 49 ; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in 50 . the customer is given important health informati

36、on, but is still free to decide what to choose.【答案】4145: gcife4650: bkjah文章大意：文章介紹人們都希望有健康的生活方式和飲食，但是沒(méi)有時(shí)間計(jì)劃，這里介紹了兩種方法，一種是“choice architect”，還有一種是“交通燈系統(tǒng)”。41. g【解析】你沒(méi)有時(shí)間仔細(xì)計(jì)劃菜單和閱讀超市的食品標(biāo)簽。這里需要名詞“標(biāo)簽”labels，所以選g。42. c【解析】既然你真正的想致力于健康的生活方式，一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)小的幫助都是很方便的?？疾樵~組“commit oneself to sth.致力于，所以選c。43. i【解析】這里有一個(gè)“ch

37、oice architect”可以幫助你緩解自己做這件事的負(fù)擔(dān)。這里需要?jiǎng)釉~“減輕”relieve。所以選i。44. f【解析】政府不會(huì)通過(guò)法律強(qiáng)加健康生活方式，這需動(dòng)詞“強(qiáng)加”impose，故選f。45. e【解析】根據(jù)上文的gently可知這個(gè)想法是將自由的選擇和choice architect 的溫柔的gentle暗示結(jié)合起來(lái)，選e。46. b【解析】英國(guó)和瑞典政府已經(jīng)介紹了所謂的“交通燈系統(tǒng)”來(lái)將食物分類為健康或不健康。這里使用動(dòng)詞“分類”classify，所以選b。47. k【解析】消費(fèi)者通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單的看看包裝上的燈就可以看見(jiàn)產(chǎn)品包含的脂肪糖和鹽，這里需要副詞simply簡(jiǎn)單地，所以選k

38、。48. j【解析】綠色的燈表示這三種營(yíng)養(yǎng)的含量是健康的。這里需要?jiǎng)釉~“發(fā)信號(hào)，表示”signal，所以選j。49. a【解析】黃燈表示消費(fèi)者應(yīng)該警覺(jué)了。這里使用形容詞“警覺(jué)的”alert，故選a。50. h【解析】紅燈表示這些食物至少有一種營(yíng)養(yǎng)是含量很高的，所以應(yīng)該被適當(dāng)?shù)氖秤谩？疾槊~“適度”moderation，所以選h。4.【2014年江蘇卷】第四部分：任務(wù)型閱讀（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）請(qǐng)閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：請(qǐng)將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號(hào)的橫線上。每個(gè)空格只填一個(gè)單詞。the expression, “everybo

39、dys doing it,” is very much at the center of the concept of peer pressure. it is a strong influence of a group, especially of children, on members of that group to behave as everybody else does. it can be positive or negative. most people experience it in some way during their lives.people are socia

40、l creatures by nature, and so it is hardly surprising that part of their self-respect comes from the approval of others. this instinct(天性) is why the approval of peers, or the fear of disapproval, is such a powerful force in many peoples lives. it is the same instinct that drives people to dress one

41、 way at home and another way at work, or to answer “fine” when a stranger asks “how are you?” even if it is not necessarily true. there is a practical aspect to this: it helps society to function efficiently, and encourages a general level of self-discipline that simplifies day-to-day interaction.fo

42、r certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like an addiction; in order to satisfy the desire, they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong. teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs, or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior. ma

43、ture adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they cant afford in an effort to “keep up with the joneses.”however, peer pressure is not always negative

44、. a student whose friends are good at academics may be urged to study harder and get good grades. players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win. this type of influence can also get a friend off drugs, or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one.

45、 study groups and class projects are examples of positive peer groups that encourage people to better themselves.schools try to teach kids about the dangers of negative peer pressure. they teach kids to stand up and be themselves, and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe

46、 are wrong. similarly, it can be helpful to encourage children to greet the beneficial influence of positive peer groups.【答案】71. feeling72. influences 73. practical74. unconsciously75. individuals 76. moral77. spirit 78. habits79. independent 80. no【文章大意】文章說(shuō)明了我們?cè)谏钪卸际艿酵厜毫Φ挠绊?。然而同輩壓力的影響有積極的，也有消極的。71.

47、 feeling【解析】詞義歸納。根據(jù)文章第一段對(duì)“同輩壓力”這一概念的解釋可以歸納出the strong feeling強(qiáng)力的感覺(jué)。此題概括有難度。72. influences【解析】原詞再現(xiàn)。由首段中itis a strong influence of a group,especially of children, on members of that group to behave aseverybodyelse does.注意用第三人稱單數(shù)。73. practical【解析】原詞再現(xiàn)。根據(jù)第二段中的there is a practical aspect to this:it helps

48、 society to function efficiently,and encourages a general level of self-discipline that simplifies day-to-day interaction.可以歸納出答案。74. unconsciously【解析】詞義歸納。根據(jù)第二段中講述人生來(lái)是具有社會(huì)性動(dòng)物，周圍的人將無(wú)意識(shí)的影響一個(gè)人的生活。75. individuals【解析】原詞再現(xiàn)。根據(jù)文中第三段中for certain individuals,seeking social acceptance is so important thatitbe

49、comes like an addiction可以歸納出答案。76. moral【解析】詞義歸納。根據(jù)第三段teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs,or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior. mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity atthecompany where they work,or end up in debt because they are unable to

50、hold backthedesire to buy a house or car that they cant afford in an effort to “keep up withthejoneses可以得出消極影響包括缺乏道德感、刑事犯罪和過(guò)度消費(fèi)。此題歸納較難。77. spirit【解析】詞義歸納。根據(jù)第四段中的players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to helptheteam win.可以歸納出“團(tuán)隊(duì)精神”。78. habits【解析】原詞再現(xiàn)。根據(jù)第四段中的this type of infl

51、uence can also get a friend off drugs,or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one.可以得出答案，注意用復(fù)數(shù)形式。79. independent【解析】詞義歸納。根據(jù)最后一段中的they teach kids to stand up and be themselves,and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong.可以歸納出“孩子應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立”。80. no【解析】詞義歸納

52、。根據(jù)最后一段they teach kids to stand up and be themselves,and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong.中短語(yǔ)的“decline to”轉(zhuǎn)換為短語(yǔ)“say no to”。5.【2014年安徽卷】第一節(jié) 任務(wù)型讀寫(xiě)（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在表格中的空白處填入恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：每個(gè)空格只填一個(gè)單詞。many people believe that classical music is not rel

53、evant music is not relevant to young people today. however, this issue(問(wèn)題) frequently causes heated debate.some people say that classical music is associated only with old people. for example, if you look at the audience at a classical concert, the majority is over the age of fifty.others say it is

54、more popular than we first imagine. many young people listen to classical music without realising. it is often used in films and advertisements. for example. a famous piece of classical music was used as the theme music for the 1990 world cup. not many people could have given its name , but millions

55、 enjoyed it.also, some people point out that young people produce new music based on classical ideas: for example, it is said that rap(說(shuō)唱) music was invented by a classical musician in 1912, but it is now used by young people in pop music.however, young people point to the fact that classical music

56、has been outstripped(超越) by technology. to play a classical instrument, such as a violin, you need to study hard and practise for hours. nowadays, you dont need to get aching arms from practising. a teenager can write and make music using a computer program in the comfort of their own bedroom.a fina

57、l point to in mind is that the term classical music is used to refer to a great variety of music, from jazz to pieces for large orchestras(管弦樂(lè)隊(duì)).this makes it even more difficult to say whether classical music is relevant to young people. so, it may be only a minority of young people who play classical instruments , but when it comes to enjoying classical music, it depends on the piece of music. it may be more relevant to young people in the modern world than they realise! titleclassi