12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試多題多卷（二）答案詳解

1、 2012年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試多題多卷（二）答案詳解writingeducation paysthe bar chart given by us bureau of labor statistics reflects the unemployment rate in 2010 among people with different educational backgrounds. from these statistics, it can be seen that the higher degree one possesses, the less likely he is to be un

2、employed.generally speaking, two factors have contributed to this phenomenon.for one thing, the advancement of technology and the adjustment of industrial structure lead to a dramatic demand of workforces with high educational degrees. therefore, it is natural for people with higher educational degr

3、ees to enjoy a steadier and better-paying job.for another, those with lower educational degrees tend to be dismissed and substituted more frequently because their jobs which usually feature low technologies can be done by anybody. as far as i am concerned,education is indeed a worthy investment.firs

4、t, as individuals, we should attach great importance to education. second, the government and authorities should adopt relevant measures to ensure the equity of education. only in this way can more people get the tickets to a much more comfortable life.開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山，對(duì)圖表進(jìn)行描述：人們的教育司，失業(yè)率也不同。使用it can be seen + t

5、hat結(jié)構(gòu)明確指霆高的人群失業(yè)率越低。承上啟下，指出兩個(gè)因素造成了這種現(xiàn)象。用for one thing for another結(jié)構(gòu)具體闡述兩個(gè)因素，層次分明。表明自己的立場(chǎng)：教育確實(shí)是一項(xiàng)有價(jià)值的投資。用firstsecond結(jié)構(gòu)， 從兩個(gè)方面提出建議。reading comprehension (skimming and scanning)1.【線索詞】“a controlled substance”d)【定位】由線索詞定位到第一段 sugar poses enough health risks 和第二段最后三句 “there is nothing.lot kills-slowly.”【精

6、析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。文章第一段提出將糖歸為管制品是因?yàn)槠鋾?huì)造成健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，第二段引用評(píng)論文章來(lái)列舉糖帶來(lái)的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)：果糖會(huì)加速誘發(fā)肝損傷和許多其他慢性疾病的進(jìn)程，少量的糖不會(huì)出問(wèn)題，但是大量的糖會(huì)慢慢導(dǎo)致死亡。d)“過(guò)量食用糖會(huì)導(dǎo)致肝損傷和備種慶病”是對(duì)定位句的概括。 2.【線索詞】americans attitude ,regulationc)【定位】由線索詞定位到第三段第二句 but its doubtful that americans will look favorably upon regulating their favorite vice.【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。本題考查的是美國(guó)人可能對(duì)政

7、府監(jiān)管糖消費(fèi)所持的態(tài)度。文章提到美國(guó)人是否贊成政府對(duì)糖監(jiān)管還很難說(shuō)，言外之意是美國(guó)人可能不會(huì)贊成政府對(duì)糖消費(fèi)的監(jiān)管。故答案為c) disapproving “不贊成的”。3.【線索詞】sugar intake, worldwidea)【定位】 由線索詞定位到第四段第二、三句already,17% of us children and teens are obese. that contributes to 35 million annual deaths worldwide from noninfectious diseases including cancer, heart disease

8、and diabetes.【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。文章指出，過(guò)量吃糖會(huì)導(dǎo)致肥胖，而肥胖造成全世界每年3500萬(wàn)人死于非傳染性疾病。a）是對(duì)定位句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故為答案。 4.【線索詞】food industrya)【定位】由線索詞定位到第六段第一句前半部分 the food industry tries to imply that “a calorie is a calorie,”says kelly brownell. 【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。由定位句可知，食品行業(yè)試圖暗示“熱量就是熱量”來(lái)減輕公眾對(duì)吃糖的擔(dān)心。這種表述暗含的意思是熱量只是一種能量，不會(huì)對(duì)人體造成不良影響，糖有熱量，而沒(méi)有其他危害。a

9、) “糖僅僅是一種能量” 符合這個(gè)表述。5.【線索詞】brownell, liquid sugard)【定位】由線索詞定位到第九段第二、三句“when calories come in liquids, the body doesnt feel as full,”says brownell. “people are getting more of their calories than ever before from sugared drinks.”【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句提到，brownell認(rèn)為“當(dāng)熱量以液態(tài)形式進(jìn)人人體時(shí)，身體感覺(jué)不到飽，因此人們會(huì)從含糖飲料中獲取比以前多的熱量”。d

10、）中的increases your calorie intake是對(duì)文中 getting more of their calories的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。6.【線索詞】imposing sugar taxesb)【定位】由線索詞定位到第十段第四句和第五句前半部分but at least one study, from 2010,has raised doubts that soda taxes would result in significant weight loss. havent had the intended effect of steering kids away from drinki

11、ng sugared drinks.【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。作者對(duì)征收碳酸飲料稅提出質(zhì)疑，認(rèn)為稅收并不能解決這一問(wèn)題，因?yàn)槿藗兛偸怯修k法做自己想做的事，越得不到的東西越想得到，所以政府實(shí)行的禁令政策不會(huì)產(chǎn)生預(yù)期的效果。b) 中的yield是對(duì)文中had的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故為答案。7.【線索詞】regulating sugar will prove trickyc)【定位】由線索詞定位到倒數(shù)第四段首句：ultimately,regulating sugar will prove particularly tricky because it goes beyond health concerns; suga

12、r, .for so many people, is love.【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句提到，對(duì)糖的監(jiān)管非常復(fù)雜是因?yàn)樗恢缓徒】迪嚓P(guān)，對(duì)很多人來(lái)說(shuō)，糖代表了愛(ài)，c）是對(duì)定位句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故為答案。8. hazards【定位】由題干中的education should be conducted 定位到倒數(shù)第三段for inroads to be made.people have to be better educated about the hazards of sugar.【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。此處需要填人名詞。題干中的education should be conducted是對(duì)原文中ha

13、ve to be better educated的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。故about后的內(nèi)容為本題的答案。9.tightened【定位】由題干中的licensing requirements on vending machines and snack-bars定位到倒數(shù)第二段many of the interventions. . . can be models .for addressing the sugar problem. tightening licensing requirements on vending machines and snack-bars that sell high suga

14、r products in schools and workplaces.【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。此空前有be動(dòng)詞，賓語(yǔ)從句中缺少謂語(yǔ)，需要填人動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式。題干是對(duì)定位句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，由定位句中的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因此答案為paratively easier to get/slightly more convenient【定位】由題干中的gentle way定位到最后一段最后兩句were talking about gentle ways to make sugar consumption slightly less convenient by makin

15、g foods that arent loaded with sugar comparatively easier and cheaper to get.【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。此處需要填人形容詞或形容詞性短語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成“make sth. + adj.”結(jié)構(gòu)，題干中的. inexpensive是對(duì)原文中cheaper的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，low-sugar foods是對(duì)foods that arent loaded with sugar 的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。故答案為comparatively easier to get。定位句前半部分提到是通過(guò)溫和的手段使人們對(duì)糖的消費(fèi)稍微不那么便利，slightly less c

16、onvenient和 “較容易”形成對(duì)比，因此空格處也可填人slightly more convenient表達(dá)相同的意思。listening comprehensionsection a11. w:i just heard about a really beautiful park in the east end of town. there are a lot of roses in bloom.m: why dont we walk over there and see for ourselves?q: what will the speakers probably do？ 答案：d)1

17、2. m: my presentation is scheduled for 9:80 tomorrow morning at the lecture hall. 1 hope to see you there.w: oh, sorry. i was about to tell you that i have an appointment with my dentist at 9o clock tomorrow.q: what do we learn about the woman?答案：c13. m: how long have you been running this company?w

18、: twenty years if you can believe that. i brought it from a small operation to what it is today.q: what do we learn about the man?答案：a14. m: have you read the news on the campus net? susan has won the scholarship for next year.w: i knew she would from the very beginning. such a brilliant and diligen

19、t girl! she certainly deserves it.q: what does the woman mean ？答案：a) 15. w: taking a bus to miami is cheaper than going by train.m: thats true. but id rather pay a little more for the added comfort and convenience.q: what does the man mean ？答案：b) 16. m: i think its time we got rid of all this old fu

20、rniture.w: youre right. we need to promote our image. besides, its not a real antique.q: what do the speakers mean ?答案：c)17. w: that was some storm yesterday. i was afraid i couldnt make it home.m: yeah. most of the roads to my home were flooded. i didnt get home from the lab until midnight.q: what

21、do we learn from the conversation ？答案：c)18. w: my boys are always complaining that theyre bored.m: why dont you get them to some team sports? my son and daughter play soccer every saturday. and they both look forward to it all week.q: what does the man mean ？答案：b)conversation onew: so john ,i hear y

22、ou and arthur share a job, dont you?m: yeah .(19) we ve shared a sales job at sonatech for about two years now.w: well ,how do you divide up your schedule?m: (19)you know we are both sales representatives and we take orders over the phone. when we started job sharing it was difficult, because we bot

23、h worked all day monday. i worked tuesday and thursday and arthur worked wednesday and friday. (20)the problem was that when i was in the office on tuesday, i would talk to people. then they would call back on wednesday with a question. but arthur couldnt answer the question and he couldnt ask me ab

24、out it because i wasnt in the office. so he had to ask the people to call me back the next day, thursday. of course, they didnt like to wait until the next day to have their questions answered.w: yes, that sounds like a problem.m: so, finally we decided that arthur would work in the mornings and i w

25、ould work in the afternoons. now if someone calls with the question for me in the morning, arthur tells them to call me in the afternoon. this way, people get their questions answered the same day.w: what do you do about vacations?m: well, (21)sonatech gives the usual two weeks of vacation to full-t

26、ime employees. i take a week and arthur takes a week.w: it sounds like job sharing has worked out well for you.m: yes, it has. we are both happy with it.19. what do john and arthur do at sonatech？ 答案：d)20. what problem did john and arthur have when they started job sharing？答案：d)21. what does john sa

27、y about their annual vacation？答案：a)conversation twow: may i see your license, please?m: but officer, did i do something wrong?w: (23) do you mean to say you didnt see the speed limit sign back there?m: (23) um , no , maam, i guess 1 didnt.w: in other words, you drove by too fast to read it. the sign

28、 says 35 miles an hour. (22)a school is just nearby, you know.m: dont get me wrong, but my speedometer didnt read much faster than that.w: then , why is it that my radar showed you were going 45? let me put it another way. im going to have to give you a ticket. again, may i see your license, please?

29、m: here it is ,officer. but let me explain. i was late for an important appointment and i was worried that i wouldnt make it on time. so.w: aha,just a minute,here. (24) your license is no longer valid. you should have renewed it two weeks ago. im going to have to write you up for that, too.m: what?

30、really?w: your license becomes invalid on your birthday and that was two weeks ago according to the date here. you are in violation of the law-driving without a valid license.m: im sorry, maam. i hadnt realized that.w: (25) heres the ticket for not having a valid license. but im only going to give y

31、ou a warning about exceeding the speed limit .be careful next time.m: yes, maam, officer, i will. thank you.22. where was the man stopped by the police officer？答案：c)23. what did the man claim about the speed limit sign？答案：b)24. what did the woman say about the mans driving license？答案：c)25. what was

32、the mans penalty？答案：a)section bpassage onesince i started working part-time at a grocery store, i have learned that a customer is more than someone who buys something.(26)to me, a customer is a person whose memory fails entirely once he or she started to push a shopping card. one of the first things

33、 customers forget is how to count. (27)there is no other way to explain how so many people get in their express line, which is clearly marked 15 items or less, with 20,25 or even a cart load of items.(28)customers also forget why they came the store in the first place. just as i finish ringing up an

34、 order, a customer will say, “oops ,i forgot to pick up a fresh loaf of bread. i hope you dont mind waiting while i go get it. ”five minutes later, hes back with the bread ,a bottle of milk and three rolls of paper towels. strange as it seems customers also seem to forget that they have to pay for t

35、heir groceries. instead of writing a check or looking for a credit card while i am ringing up the groceries, my customer will wait until i announce the total. then ,in surprise, she says, oh no, what did i do with my check book? after 5 minutes of digging through her purse, she borrows my pen becaus

36、e shes forgotten hers. (29)but i have to be tolerant of customers because they pay my salary, and thats something i cant afford to forget.26. what does the speaker say about customers entering the grocery store？答案：d)27. which customers are supposed to be in the express line？答案：b)28. what does the sp

37、eaker say some customers do when they arrive at the check-out counter？答案：a)29. what does the speaker say about his job at the end of the talk？答案：b)passage twothe speech delivery style of europeans and asians tends to be very formal. speakers of these cultures often read oral presentations from caref

38、ully written manuscripts. on the other hand, american speakers are generally more informal relative to speakers in other cultures. (30) american audiences prefer a natural,spontaneous delivery, that conveys a lively sense of communication. they dont relay well to speakers who read from a manuscript.

39、 if you use an outline of your ideas instead of a prepared text, your speech will not only sound more natural, but you will also be able to establish better relationship with your listeners and keep their attention. (31)the language and style you use when making an oral presentation should not be th

40、e same as the language and style you use when writing. well-written information, that is meant to be read, does not work as well when it is heard. it is, therefore, important for you to adapt written texts or outlines for presentations. good speakers are much more informal when speaking than when wr

41、iting. they also use their own words and develop their own speaking styles. whenever possible, they use short words. listeners appreciate it when speakers use simple, everyday words in a presentation. one advantage is that its much easier for speakers to pronounce short words correctly. another is t

42、hat long and sophisticated vocabulary choices make listening more difficult.30. what does the speaker say american audiences prefer？答案：c)31. what should one pay attention to when making an oral presentation？答案：b)32. what does the speaker focus on in the talk？答案：d)passage three let children learn to

43、judge their own worka child learning to talk doesnot learn by being corrected all the time. if corrected too much ,he will stop talking. (33) he compares a thousand times a day the difference between language as he uses it and language as those around him use it. bit by bit, he makes the necessary c

44、hanges to make his language like other peoples. (33)in the same way, kids learning to do all the other things they learn without adult teachers, to walk ,run, climb, ride a bike, play games ,compare their own performance with what more skilled people do, and slowly make the needed changes. (34) but

45、in school we never give a child a chance to detect his mistakes. we do it all for him. we act as if we thought he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him. (35) soon he becomes dependent on the expert. we should let him do it himself. let him figure out,with the help of other ch

46、ildren if he wants it,what this word says, what is the answer to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or that. if right answers need to be given, as in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. let him correct his own papers. (35) why should we teachers waste time

47、 on such tedious work? our job should be to help children when they tell us that they cant find the way to get the right answer.33. how does a child learn to do something according to the speaker ？ 答案：a)34. what belief do teachers commonly hold according to the speaker ？ 答案：c)35. what does the speak

48、er imply about the current way of teaching ？ 答案：d)section c36. erpersonal39.detail40. controlled41 .abruptly42 .references43 .indication44. it is considered very rude to be late-even by 10 minutes-for an appointment in america45. it has enabled americans to be extremely p

49、roductive, and productivity itself is highly valued in america46. amlericans believe in spending their time and energy today so that the fruits of their labor may be enjoyed at a later timereading comprehension(reading in depth)section a47 .o) 【精析】形容詞辨析題?？崭袂懊媸莃e動(dòng)詞的否定形式，因此空格處需要填人形容詞作表語(yǔ)。前一句中提到carly fi

50、orina的丈夫提前退休來(lái)支持她的事業(yè)，這在當(dāng)時(shí)引起了一個(gè)小轟動(dòng)。原文中使用了分號(hào)，由此可知本句和前一句進(jìn)行對(duì)比，當(dāng)時(shí)的轟動(dòng)現(xiàn)在不算什么，故形容詞unusual “不尋常的，與眾不同的”為本題答案。48 .d) 【精析】副詞辨析題?？崭袂懊媸莃e動(dòng)詞，后面是名詞，空格處既可填形容詞，也可填副詞。本句提到，“財(cái)富五百?gòu)?qiáng)”公司的首席執(zhí)行官中有18 名女性，其中7位的丈夫是全職丈夫。句意表述完整，在ceos前再加形容詞就顯得多余了，因此空格處應(yīng)選擇副詞，備選答案中只有兩個(gè)副詞，此處符合題意的應(yīng)是currently“當(dāng)前，現(xiàn)時(shí)”。49 .c) 【精析】形容詞辨析題?？崭袂笆莝cores of“許多的”

51、，后是名詞ceos，因此需要填人形容詞來(lái)進(jìn)行修飾。文章圍繞女性首席執(zhí)行官展開(kāi)，而且本句中有and連接的兩個(gè)并列短語(yǔ)，后者中含有50 .j) 【精析】語(yǔ)義推斷題?？崭袂盀閎e動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)句意應(yīng)填人動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，且該動(dòng)詞需要和前面的role change搭配。備選動(dòng)詞中是現(xiàn)在分詞形式且能與role change搭配的只有occurring，意為“發(fā)生”。51 .h) 【精析】動(dòng)詞辨析題?？崭袂坝忻~作主語(yǔ)，后面有名詞作賓語(yǔ)，推斷此處需填人動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)，且需要和a majority of jobs搭配，fill意為“填充，就職”，可以和jobs搭配并且符合題意。52. k)【精析】名詞辨析題?？崭?/p>

52、前是兩個(gè)并列的形容詞managerial和professional，此處需要填人名詞，上文提到j(luò)obs，此處應(yīng)填人和工作相關(guān)的名詞。選項(xiàng)中的occupations和positions都和工作相關(guān)，occupations意為“職業(yè)”, positions意為“位置，職位”，聯(lián)系空格前的形容詞可知positions更符合表達(dá)習(xí)慣。53. b)【精析】固定搭配題?？崭裉幒徒樵~on構(gòu)成固定搭配，前后都有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，本句意為“在美國(guó)很多大城市，30歲及30歲以下的女性的收人比同齡的男性多”，這只是一種概述，因此應(yīng)填表示概述的詞來(lái)使表述更嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。備選項(xiàng)中只有average和on構(gòu)成固定搭配，o

53、n average“平均來(lái)看”符合題意。54. m)【精析】名詞辨析題。空格前面是形容詞recent, 并且句首處為介詞during，由此可知此處應(yīng)填人名詞，表達(dá)“在最近的某個(gè)時(shí)期”之意。此句中又提到了失業(yè)率，因此應(yīng)填人和經(jīng)濟(jì)相關(guān)的名詞。備選項(xiàng)中recession衰退，不景氣”放在此處符合句意，為本題答案。55. l)【精析】形容詞辨析題?？崭袂懊媸嵌ü谠~the, 后面是名詞短語(yǔ)wage earners，所以空格處應(yīng)填人形容詞作定語(yǔ)。前半句提到丈夫失業(yè)，后半句表達(dá)妻子要賺錢養(yǎng)家，前后形成對(duì)比。丈夫照顧孩子，妻子成為賺錢的主力，故此處應(yīng)選primary“主要的”。56. n)【精析】副詞辨析題。

54、空格處所在的句子是由who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，who在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，空格后面是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)care for，此處缺少副詞作狀語(yǔ)，句意為“照看5歲以下孩子的男性數(shù)量從1988年的19上升到2010年的32 %。regularly意為“定期地，有規(guī)律地”符合句意。section b57.【定位】由題干中的look back, at college定位到首段末句my friends never seem to understand why im so relieved to be back at school or that my summer vacation has been anything bu

55、t a vacation.b)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。文章開(kāi)篇提及“我”每年暑假都會(huì)在工廠打工，很早就起床工作，非常痛苦。在第一段最后，作者明確提出他的暑假has been anything but a vacation，此處的anything but為固定搭配，意為“根本不，決不”，聯(lián)系上文可知他的暑假很辛苦，根本算不上假期，故答案為b)。58.【定位】由題干中的college students定位到第二段前兩句therere few people as self-confident as a college student who has never been out in the real

56、world. people my age always seem to overestimate the value of their time and knowledge.c)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。文章第二段第一句提到，很少有人像從來(lái)沒(méi)步人社會(huì)的大學(xué)生一樣自信。隱含的意思是大學(xué)生過(guò)于自信。第二句提到“我”的同齡人似乎總是高估自己的時(shí)間和知識(shí)的價(jià)值。c）中的think too highly of是對(duì)文中overestimate的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為c)。59.【定位】由題干中的most frustrating定位到第三段第一句the most stressful thing about blue-

57、collar life is knowing your job could disappear overnight.b)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。文章第三段第一句指出，藍(lán)領(lǐng)工人生活中壓力最大的事情是知道自己可能會(huì)一夜之間丟掉工作。b)“他們沒(méi)有工作保障”就是表示隨時(shí)可能丟掉工作，故答案為b)。60.【定位】由題干中的work experience和changed定位到第四段第二句when im back at the university. 和文章最后一句my experiences in the factories have inspired me to make the most of my c

58、ollege years before i enter the real world for good.d)【精析】綜合理解題。第四段第二句提到，當(dāng)“我”回到大學(xué)時(shí)，“我”意識(shí)到逃課、上交因不努力而被要求重寫(xiě)的作業(yè)看起來(lái)都太不負(fù)責(zé)任了，并且認(rèn)為關(guān)于教育價(jià)值的建議和公共服務(wù)聲明都是有道理的。這些表明作者學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變。文章最后一句提到工廠的工作經(jīng)歷激勵(lì)“我”充分利用大學(xué)時(shí)光，也體現(xiàn)了作者的變化，故答案為d)。61.【定位】由題干中的guilty定位到第五段前兩句these lessons im learning, however valuable, are always tinged with a sense of guilt., where i spend only two months at a time.a)【精析】推理判斷題。作者在第五段第一句提到他對(duì)自己獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)略帶一絲內(nèi)疚。第二句進(jìn)一步解釋，他僅僅在工廠待了兩個(gè)月。作者之后會(huì)回學(xué)校接受教育，將來(lái)會(huì)有更好的工作機(jī)會(huì)，但是很多人只能一輩子在工廠做工，這是他和藍(lán)領(lǐng)工人之間巨大的差異