2019專八真題講座聽(tīng)力文本

1、2019 專八真題聽(tīng)力練習(xí)Body language and mindGood morning, everyone. In todays lecture, Id like to focus on how our bodylanguage reveals who we are. We re reallyfascinated withbodylanguage, andparticularly interested in other peoples body language. You know, were sometiinterested in an awkward interaction, or

2、 a smile, or a contemptuous glance, or maybevery awkward wink, or handshake.So what kind of bodylanguage amI talking about? Iaminterested in1_ that is the nonverbal expressions of power and dominance.And what are nonverbal expressions of power and dominance? Well, this is what theyare. In the animal

3、 kingdom, nonverbal expressions of power and dominance are about2_. So you make yourself big, you stretch out, you take up space and you arebasically opening up. And ?and humans do the same thing. So they do this whenthey re feeling powerful in the moment. And this one is especially interesting beca

4、useit really shows us how universal and old these expressions of power are. For example,when athletes cross the finish line and theyve won, it doesnt matter if theyvseen anyone do it. They do this. So the arms are up in the V sign, the chin is slightlylifted. But what do we do when we feel powerless

5、? We do exactly the opposite.3_. We make ourselves small. We donwanttto bumpinto the person next to us. And this is what happens when you put together high andlow power. So what we tend to do when it comes to power is that we complement theother s nonverbals. What I mean is if someone is being reall

6、y powerful with us, wetend to 4_.We don5t_.We do the opposite.I mwatching this behavior in the classroom, and guess what I have noticed. Inotice that MBA students really exhibit the full range of power nonverbals. They getright into the middle of the room before class even starts, like they really w

7、ant to 6_. When they sit down, they 7re sort of . Theyraise their hands high. You have other people who are virtually collapsing when they come in. as soon as they, I mean other people, come in, you see it. You see it on theirfaces and their bodies, andthey sit in theirchair and they make themselves

8、8_, and they will not fully stretch their arms when they raise their hands. Ialso notice another interesting thing about his. It seems women are much more likelyto do this kind of thing than men. I mean women are more likely to make themselvessmall. Women feel chronically習(xí)慣性地 _9_ than men, so this i

9、snot surprising.bodies. But is it also true that 10_?And when I say minds, in the case of the powerful, what doI mean? Im talking aboutthoughts and feelings and the sort of physiological生理學(xué)上的things that make upour thoughts and feelings, and in my case, thats hormones. I look at hormones. Sowhat do t

10、he minds of the powerful versus the powerless look like? Powerful people tend to be, not surprisingly, 11_.They actually feel that they re going to win even at games of chance. They also tend to be able to think more abstractly. They take more risks. So there are a lot ofdifferences between powerful

11、 and powerless people. Physiologically, there also aredifferences on two key hormones: one is dominance hormone, and the other is stresshormone. What we find is that powerful and effective leaders have high dominancehormone and low stress hormone. What does that mean? That means power is alsoabout 1

12、2_.Once we did an experiment. We decided to bring people into the lab and run thatlittleexperiment.Thesepeople adopted,fortwominutes,either13_ or14_. We,for two minutes, say, “Youneed to do this or this.And ”we also want them to befeeling power. So after two minutes we will askthem “How powerful do

13、you feel?”on a series of items, and then we 15_.Before and after the experiment, we take their sample of saliva fora hormone test.That s the whole experiment.And this is what we have found16_, which is17_.Whatwefindisthatwhenyou re18_, 86 percent of you will gamble.When you re19_, its down to only60

14、 percent, and thatas prettysignificantdifference. Here swhat we findon20_. From their baseline when theycomein,high-power people experience about a 20 percent increase, and low-powerpeopleexperience about a 10-percent decrease. So again, twominutes, and you get thesechanges. Concerning21_, high-powe

15、rpeopleexperience about a 25-percent decrease, and the low power people experience about a15 percent increase. Once again, two minutes lead to these hormonal changes that configure your brain to basically be either assertive, confident or -really stress-reactive, and, you know, feeling sort of shut

16、down. And we veall had that feeling, right? So it seems that our nonverbals do govern how we think and feel aboutourselves. Also, our bodies change our minds. So, power posing for a few minutes really changes your life in meaningful ways.When I tell people about this, that that our bodies change our

17、 minds, and our mindscan change our behavior, and 22_,they say to me,“I dont believe that. It feels fake. Right?”so I said,make it.”Imgoing to liveyou with this. Before you go into the next stressfulevaluative situation, for example, a job interview, for two minutes, try doing this, inthe elevator,

18、or at your desk behind closed doors and say to yourself“that sI whatwant to do. ”Configure your brain to_23_ in that situation. Getyour dominance hormone up, and get your stress hormone down. Dontleave thatsituation feeling like, oh , I didnt show them who I am. Leave that situation feelinglike, oh,

19、 I really managed to say who I am and show who I am.To sum up, today, wetalk about the “nonverbalexpressions ofpower anddominance ”and the strong effects of the change of behaviorsuggest.Iyou try powerposing, which is simple but will significantly change the outcomes of your life. Ok,next time we ar

20、e going to discuss the social functions of body language.“fak2019 專八真題聽(tīng)力練習(xí) Body language and mindGood morning, everyone. In todays lecture, Id like to focus on how our bodylanguage reveals who we are. We re reallyfascinated withbody language, andparticularly interested in other peoples body language

21、. You know, were sometiinterested in an awkward interaction, or a smile, or a contemptuous glance, or maybevery awkward wink, or handshake.So what kind of body language am I talking about? I am interested in powerdynamics that is the nonverbal expressions of power and dominance. And what arenonverba

22、l expressions of power and dominance? Well, this is what they are. In theanimal kingdom, nonverbal expressions of power and dominance are about expanding.So you make yourself big, you stretch out, you take up space and you are basicallyopening up. And ? and humans do the same thing. So they do this

23、when theyrefeeling powerful in the moment. And this one is especially interesting because it reallyshows us how universal and old these expressions of power are. For example, whenathletes cross thefinish line and theyve won, it doesnt matter if theyve never sanyone do it. They do this. So the arms a

24、re up in the V sign, the chin is slightly lifted.But what do we do when we feel powerless? We do exactly the opposite. We close up.We make ourselves small. We dont want to bump into the person next to us. And thisis what happens when you put together high and low power. So what we tend to dowhen it

25、comes to power is that we complement the others nonverbals. What I mean isif someone is being really powerful with us, we tend to make ourselves smaller. Wedon t mirror them. We do the opposite.I mwatching this behavior in the classroom, and guess what I have noticed. I notice that MBA students real

26、ly exhibit the full range of power nonverbals. They getright into the middle of the room before class even starts, likethey really want tooccupy space. When they sit down, theyre sort of spread out. They raise their handshigh. You have other people who are virtually collapsing when they come in. as

27、soon as they, I mean other people, come in, you see it. You see it on their faces and their bodies, and they sit in their chair and they make themselves tiny, and they will not fully stretch their arms when they raise their hands. I also notice another interesting thing about his. It seems women are

28、 much more likely to do this kind of thing thanmen. I mean women are more likely to make themselves small. Women fell chronically 習(xí)慣性地 less powerful than men, so this is not surprising.bodies. But is it also true that our bodies change our minds? And when I say minds, inthe case of the powerful, wha

29、t do I mean? Im talking about thoughts and feelings andthe sort of physiological 生理學(xué)上的 things that make up our thoughts and feelings,and in my case, that hormones. I look at hormones. So what do the minds of thepowerful versus the powerless look like? Powerful people tend to be, not surprisingly,mor

30、e assertive and more confident, more optimistic. They actually feel that theyregoing to win even at games of chance. They also tend to be able to think moreabstractly. They take more risks. So there are a lot of differences between powerfuland powerless people. Physiologically,there also are differe

31、nces on twokeyhormones: one is dominance hormone, and the other is dominance hormone. What wefind is that powerful and effective leaders have high dominance hormone and lowstress hormone. What does that mean? That means power is also about how you reactto stress.Once we did an experiment. We decided

32、 to bring people into the lab and run thatlittle experiment. These people adopted, for two minutes, either high-power poses orlow- power poses. We, for two minutes, say,“You need to do this or this.”And wwant them to be feeling power. So after two minutes we will askthem“How powerfuldo you feel?”on

33、a series of items, and then we give them an opportunity to gamble.Before and after the experiment, we take their sample of saliva fora hormone test.That s the whole experiment.And this is what we have found risk tolerance, which is gambling. What wefind is that when you rein the high-power pose cond

34、ition, 86 percent of you willgamble. When you re in the low-power pose condition, itown tos onlyd 60 percent,and that s a pretty significant difference. Heres what we find on dominance hormonFrom their baseline when they come in, high-power people experience about a 20percent increase, and low-power

35、 people experience about a 10-percent decrease. Soagain, twominutes, and youget these changes. Concerningstress hormone,high-power people experience about a 25-percent decrease, and the low power peopleexperience about a 15 percent increase. Once again, twominutes lead to thesehormonal changes that configure your brain to basically be either assertive, confidentor -really stress-reactive, and, you know, feeling sort of shut down. And weve all hadthat feeling, right? So it seems that our nonverbals do govern how we think and feelabout