高中英語獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)解析

1、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu) Nominative Absolute Structure 1. No man can do two things at once. 2. No man is wise at all time. 3. No man is content . 4. No news is good news. A man cannot spin and reel at the same time. 一心不可二用 。 聰明一世，糊涂一時。 人心不足蛇吞象。 沒有消息就是好消息。 1.The children went home from the grammar school, their

2、lessons _ for the day.(07 重慶） A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished 2.The meeting _over, we all left the room and drove home.（上海） A. is B. to be C. being D. would be 3.There _no bus, we had to walk home. A. being B. to be C. was D. been 解析：選解析：選B。此處考查獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。如選。此處考查獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。如選D項，項，t

3、heir lessons 前應(yīng)前應(yīng) 加連詞，所以加連詞，所以D項不對；又由于項不對；又由于their lessons 與與finish 之間為動賓之間為動賓 （被動）關(guān)系，所以（被動）關(guān)系，所以A、C兩項不對，選兩項不對，選B屬于屬于獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。 1.He lay at full length upon his stomach ，his head resting upon his left forearm 他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，頭枕著左臂，直挺挺地趴伏著。 2.The coward was backing ，his face being deathly pale，toward

4、another room 那個膽小鬼向另一個房間退去，臉色煞白。 O O O O He lay at full length upon his stomach . His head rested upon his left forearm. The coward was backing toward another room His face was deathly pale. 用作時間狀語 ?The work done ,we went home. ?工作完成后，我們就回家了。 用作條件狀語 ?Weather permitting , they will go on an outing to

5、 the beach tomorrow. ?如果天氣允許的話，他們將在明天組織一次海 濱小游。 After the work had been done, we went home. If weather permits, they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 用作原因狀語 ?There being no taxis , we had to walk. 沒有出租車，我們只好步行。 用作伴隨狀語 ?He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head.他躺在草地上，兩手交

6、叉枕在腦后。 表示補充說明 ?We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two . 我們加倍努力，一個人干 兩個人的活。 功能：獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于描繪性文字中， 多用于書面語，其作用相當于一個 狀語從句或 并列句，常用來表示謂語動詞的 時間、原因、 條件、行為方式或伴隨情況 等。在口語和非正 式文體中，一般用從句或兩個句子來代替。 Attention! 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 1. 表示時間、條件或原因 時，相當于一個狀語 從句，一般放在 句首； 2. 表伴隨狀況或補充說明 時，相當于一個并列 句，通常放于 句末; Conclusion 獨立主格結(jié)

7、構(gòu)的功能 1.The meeting over The meeting over，we left the room 2.He returned home，his face palehis face pale 3.Time permittingTime permitting，we ll visit the Summer Palace 4.There being no busThere being no bus, I have to walk home. 做原因狀語 做伴隨狀語 做條件狀語 做原因狀語 /做時間狀語 名詞/主格代詞與現(xiàn)在分詞之間是 主謂關(guān)系 The girl staring at

8、him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn t know what to say. 姑娘兩眼望著他，他不知道說 什么好。 名詞/主格代詞與過去分詞之間是 動賓關(guān)系。 The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 隨著問題的解決，質(zhì)量已 經(jīng)提高了。 名詞/主格代詞與不定式之間是 將來的或具體的動作。 They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to

9、 the bookstore. 他們道別后，一個回了家， 一個去了書店。 Structure 名詞/主格代詞+形容詞 ?An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飛機遭遇了空難，無一人生還。 名詞/主格代詞+副詞 ?The meeting over , they all went home. 會議一結(jié)束， 他們就都回家了他們就都回家了 名詞/主格代詞+介詞短語 ?The boy went to the classroom, book in hand . 那男孩手 里拿著書去教室。 在這個結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果邏輯主語與介詞短語中的名詞都

10、是 單數(shù)名詞，在這些名詞前習慣上不用冠詞。但注意比較： He stood under a tree, hand in pocket. He stood under a tree, with a hand in his pocket. with a book in his hand 名詞/主格代詞+名詞 I received many gifts, many of them books. 我收到很多禮物，其中很多是書。 There being + 名詞（代詞） There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 沒有再要討

11、論的事了，我宣布散會。 It being + 名詞（代詞） It being Christmas , the government offices were closed. 由于圣誕節(jié)的緣故，政府機關(guān)都休息。 There being + 名詞（代詞） It being + 名詞（代詞） （一）構(gòu)成-獨立主格（名詞或代詞）后接 doing, done, to do ，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語或名詞構(gòu)成。即： 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成 名詞/主格代詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞 名詞/主格代詞 + 過去分詞 名詞/主格代詞 + 不定式 名詞/主格代詞 + 形容詞 名詞/主格代詞 + 副詞 名詞/主格代

12、詞 + 介詞短語 名詞/主格代詞 + 名詞 1.獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是一種結(jié)構(gòu)，不是一個句子，不 需要用謂語動詞。 2.獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同 ， 它有自己邏輯上的主語，表達 相對獨立的意思， 它獨立存在。 3.獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般用 逗號與主句分開。 4.在句中只作狀語，并可對主句進行 補充說明。 5.名詞或代詞與后面的分詞構(gòu)成一定的關(guān)系： 如與現(xiàn)在分詞（doing)構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系或與過去 分詞(done)構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系等。 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點 ?考試結(jié)束了，我們開始放假。 When the test was finished, we began our holiday The test f

13、inished, we began our holiday. ?在向?qū)У膸ьI(lǐng)下，我們輕松地走出了森林。 Because the guide led the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest. The guide leading the way, We had no trouble getting out of the forest 1.(由向?qū)?,we set off on foot into the dark night. 2.(有那么多書要讀) , I can t kill time by playing cards 3.

14、 At the gate stood a PLA man,（手里握著槍） 4.（做完家庭作業(yè)），he went to bed 5.（由于是星期天）， we decided to go home. The homework done / finished （With his homework done / finished） It being Sunday The guide leading the way (With the guide leading the way) With so many books to read gun in hand （with a gun in his hand

15、） with復合結(jié)構(gòu) 與 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 它們都可以在句中作原因狀語、條件狀語、時間狀語、 伴隨狀況等使用，一般也可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換： with復合結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成是： with with+名詞/代詞+分詞/不定式/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語等 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成是： 名詞/主格代詞+分詞/不定式/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語等 with復合結(jié)構(gòu)可以作后置定語修飾名詞，而獨立主格結(jié) 構(gòu)則不可作后置定語修飾名詞. Soon she arrived at a park with grass green and flowers in blossom. = Soon she arrived at a park whose g

16、rass was green and whose flowers were in blossom. 1. 1.作時間狀語 With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south. =Winter coming on , the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south. 2.2.作原因狀語 With the weather terribly cold , we entered the room to warm ourselves. =The weather terri

17、bly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves. 三、作條件狀語 With time permitting , we ll visit the Summer Palace. =Time permitting , we ll visit the Summer Palace. 四、作伴隨狀語 The mother was cleaning the house with her baby playing on the bed. =The mother was cleaning the house, her baby playing on the bed

18、. 無論with復合結(jié)構(gòu)還是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，都不可 有動詞的謂語形式充當其中的邏輯謂語。如下例 中的was就必須去掉： He sat at the desk with a pen was in his right hand. Attention! He sat at the desk ,with a pen in his right hand. 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的 being和 having been ?？梢允÷?。 All the windows (being) open, the air in the room is fresher. 所有的窗戶都開著，屋子里的空氣更加新鮮了。 All the

19、tickets (having been) sold out , we had to wait for the next week s show. 所有的票都賣出去了，我們只好等下周的演出。 Attention! 但當獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的 being done 表示“正在 被做”時，being 不可以省略。 當獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語是 it,there時，being 不可以省略。 The listeners having taken their seats , the concert began. 聽眾坐好后，音樂會開始了。 Attention!Attention! Tom having been

20、 late over and over, his boss was very disappointed. Tom總是遲到，他的老板很失望。 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的時態(tài)問題。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作 時間或原因狀語時，可用完成時，表示該動作發(fā) 生在主句謂語動作之前。 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的主語沒有所有格形式。 The chief deitor arriving, we began the meeting. 主編來了，我們開始開會。 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，當表 人體部位的詞作邏輯主語 時，不及物動詞用現(xiàn)在分詞 ，及物動詞用過去分詞 。 He lay there, his teeth set, his fists clenched,his eyes looking straight up. 他躺在那里，牙關(guān)緊閉，雙拳緊握，兩眼直視上方。 Attentio