初中英語情態(tài)動詞用法歸納

1、 . 初中英語情態(tài)動詞用法歸納 情態(tài)動詞有具體的詞義，但也同助動詞一樣，需要與其他詞語一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語，另外情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，情態(tài)動詞后必須跟動詞原形。 考點一：can，may，must等情態(tài)動詞在陳述句中的用法： 1. can的用法： （1）.表示能力、許可、可能性。表示能力時一般譯為“能、會”，即有種能力，尤其是生來具備的能力，此時may和must均不可代替它。如：She can swim fast, but I cant . 她能游得很快，但我不能。I can see with my eyes.我用眼睛看。 （2）.表示許可，常在口語中。如：You can use my di

2、ctionary. 你可以用我的字典。 （3）.表示推測，意為“可能”，常用于否定句和疑問句中，此時cant譯為“不可能”。如：Can the news be true?這個消息會是真的嗎？Can it be our teacher?那個人有可能是我們老師嗎？No, it cant be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。咱們老師正在游覽長城呢。 【例題】I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there.No. She _be there

3、, I have just been there. A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.wouldnt 【解析】根據(jù)下文“我剛?cè)ミ^那兒”可知，應(yīng)為“不可能”，cant表示推測答案 A 2. could的用法： （1）.can的過去式，意為“能、會”，表示過去的能力。如：He could write poems when he was 10. 他十歲時就會寫詩。 （2）. could在疑問句中，表示委婉的語氣，此時could沒有過去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour?你能幫我個忙嗎？Could I use your pen?我能用一下你的鋼筆嗎?Ye

4、s, you can.可以。（注意回答） . . 3. may的用法： （1）.表示請求、許可，比can正式，如：May I borrow your bike?我可以借你的自行車嗎？You may go home now.現(xiàn)在你可以回家了。 【例題】_ I borrow your MP3?Sure . Here you are. A. May B.Should C.Must D. Would 【解析】在此處表示請求，意為“做可以嗎”。 答案：A (2) .表示推測，談?wù)摽赡苄?，意為“可能，或許”，一般用于肯定句中。如：It may rain tomorrow .明天可能會下雨。She may

5、be at home.她可能在家呢. (3) .may的過去式為might，表示推測時。可能性低于may。如：He is away from school. He might be sick. 他離開學(xué)校了，可能是他生病了。 (4) . 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，?？勺g為“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V例如：May you have a good time.祝你過得愉快。May you be happy!祝你幸福！May you succeed！祝你成功！ 4. must的用法： (1).must表示主觀看法，意為“必須、一定”。如：You must stay here until I come

6、 back.在我回來之前你必須呆在這兒。Must I hand in my homework right now?我必須現(xiàn)在交作業(yè)嗎？ (2)其否定形式mustnt表示“一定不要” “千萬別” “禁止,不許”.如：You mustnt play with fire. 你不許玩火。You mustnt be late.你一定不要遲到。 （3）對must引導(dǎo)的疑問句，肯定回答為must，否定回答為neednt 或dont have to .如：Must I finish my homework?我現(xiàn)在必須完成作業(yè)嗎？No, you neednt.不，你不必。 (4)must表示有把握的推測，用于肯

7、定句。如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.燈亮著，他現(xiàn)在肯定在家。 注意其反意問句的構(gòu)成形式： . . 當(dāng)must表示肯定的判斷、推測時，其反意疑問句要用實際問句的助動詞來構(gòu)成。如：She must have seen the film before，hasntshe?(注意反意疑問句的后半部分)You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday，didnt you? (注意反意疑問句的后半部分) 5. need的用法： （1）.need表示需要、必須，主要用于否定句和疑問句中，其否定形式

8、為neednt，意為“沒有必要，不必”。用need提問時，肯定回答為must，否定回答為neednt或dont have to。如：Need I stay here any longer? 我還有必要留在這兒嗎？Yes, you must .是的。No. you neednt /dont have to.不，你不必。 (2).need還可以作實義動詞，此時有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化，如果是人作主語后邊多接動詞不定式。如：I need to do it right now.我需要馬上做這件事。He needs to learn more about the girl.他需要多了解那個女孩。 如果是物

9、作主語，一般用need doing與need to be done這種情況下應(yīng)注意兩點： .主動形式的動名詞doing具有被動的含義；.該動名詞可以改為其動詞不定式的被動形式而句子的意義不變。例如：. The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted.那扇門需要油漆一下。Your car needs mending. = Your car needs to be repaired.你的車需要維修了。 6. dare的用法：dare意為“敢、敢于”,用法近似于need，有兩種詞性： （1）dare作為情態(tài)動詞，多用于否定句、疑問句或條

10、件句中，無第三人稱單數(shù)形式，只有一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。如：Dare he tell them what he knows?他敢告訴他們所知道的情況嗎？I darent ask her will you do it for me?我可不敢問她，你能幫我問問嗎？ （2）dare作為實義動詞，此時有人稱、數(shù)及時態(tài)的變化。如：He doesnt dare to break his promise.他不敢食言。 注意：在口語中，dare的各種形式常與不帶to的不定式連用。如：Do you dare tell her . . what I said? 你敢告訴她我說的話嗎？I didnt dare lo

11、ok at him.我不敢看他。 7. shall的用法： shall表示征求對方意見（多用于第一、三人稱），如：Shall we go out for a walk?我們出去散步好嗎？ 在英語中，我們可以用其他多種方式提出我們的建議或征求對方意見。 (1).用“Lets do.”來提出建議。如：Lets go for a walk after supper. (2).用“What/How about.?”來提出建議；about后接名詞或動詞ing形式。如：What about/How about a drink? What about/How about taking Tom with us

12、? (3).用“Why not.?”來提出建議，表示“何不”not面后接動詞原形。“Why not.?”實際上是“Why dont you/we.?”的簡略形式。如：Why not meet at the school gate at eight? Why dont we stay here another day? (4).用“Would you like.?”來提出建議，意思是“你想要嗎?”Would you like后可接名詞或不定式。如：Would you like a cup of tea? Would you like to go and see her? 因此，如果我們說：“去游

13、泳好嗎?”英語中可有這樣幾種表達法：Shall we go for a swim? Lets go for a swim，shall we? What about/How about going swimming? Why not go for a swim? Would you like to go for a swim? What do you think of going for a swim? 8. should的用法： （1）.should意為“應(yīng)該”，可表示勸告、建議、義務(wù)、責(zé)任等。如：We should protect the environment.我們應(yīng)該保護環(huán)境。 （2）S

14、hould have done表示對過去動作的責(zé)備、批評。如：You should have finished your homework. 你應(yīng)該已經(jīng)完成作業(yè)了。（事實上你沒有完成。） . . 9. will的用法： will表示意愿、意志、打算，可用于多種人稱。如：I will help you if Im free this afternoon.今天下午如果我有空，我就會幫你。 注意： 1、will在there be句型中的形式及其句式變換。 由于“一般將來時”的結(jié)構(gòu)可以用“will+動詞原形”來表示，所以there be句型的一般將來時的形式就是there will be。（一定不能說

15、there will have）例如：There are many students in our school.There will be many students in our school. There will be a sports meeting next week.一定不能說：There will have a sports meeting next week. 2、will與be going to do sth區(qū)別： . be going to表示近期、眼下就要發(fā)生的事情，will表示的將來時間則較遠(yuǎn)一些，如：He is going to write a letter ton

16、ight. He will write a book one day. . be going to表示根據(jù)主觀判斷將來肯定發(fā)生的事情，will表示客觀上將來勢必發(fā)生的事情。He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old. . be going to含有“計劃，準(zhǔn)備”的意思，而will則沒有這個意思，如：She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour. .在有條件從句的主句中，一般不用be going to,而多用will,

17、如：If any beasts comes at you, Ill stay with you and help you 10. had better的用法： had better意為“最好”，沒有人稱的變化，后面接不帶to的不定式，其否定形式為：had better not。如： We had better go now.我們最好現(xiàn)在就走。You had better not give the book to him.你. . 最好不要把這本書給他。 考點二：含有情態(tài)動詞的疑問句的回答: 1.對may引出的問句，可以有下列回答方式：Yes,you may. Yes, of course. Y

18、es, certainly. Sure . No, you mustnt. No, you cant. 2.對must引出的疑問句，回答方式為：Yes, must. No, neednt/ dont have to. 3.could在疑問句中，表示委婉的語氣，此時could沒有過去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour?你能幫我個忙嗎？Could I use your pen?我能用一下你的鋼筆嗎?Yes, you can.可以。（注意回答） 4. shall引出的疑問句用于第一人稱，表示征求對方意見或客氣的請求。其回答方式有以下幾種： Yes, please. All

19、 right. No, thank you. 5.would you的回答方式有以下幾種：Yes, I will. (No, I wont.) Sure . (Im sorry , I cant.) All right/ OK/ With pleasure. Certainly. (No, thank you .) Yes, please. 【例題】Would you do me a favour and pass on my thanks to Lily?_. A.Thats right B.With pleasure C.It doesnt matter D.No trouble 【解析】

20、A.意為“對了”，B.意為“樂意效勞”, C.意為“沒關(guān)系” D.意為“不費事”。答案：B 考點三:不同情態(tài)動詞的否定意義也不同： 1.（1）.cant可譯為“不會”，如：I cant play basketball.我不會打籃球。 （2）當(dāng)句子表推測時，用cant表達不可能，如：He cant be ill. He is playing chess with Tom.他不可能病了，他正和Tom下棋呢。 . . （3）cant還可用來回答“ May I ? ”這樣的問句。如：May I come in ? 我可以進來嗎？No, you mustnt. / cant.不，你不能。 （4）cant

21、還可用于固定習(xí)語中。cant help doing禁不住，情不自禁cant wait to do sth迫不及待如：She cant help crying.她不禁大哭起來。The children cant wait to open the box.孩子們迫不及待地想打開盒子。 2. may的否定式為may not，譯成“可能不”，如：He may not be at home.他也許不在家。 3.（1）mustnt表示不許，不可。如：He mustnt leave his room.他不許離開他的房間。You mustnt talk in class.你們不可以在課上說話。 (2) mus

22、tnt也可用于以may表示要求時的否定回答中。如：May I stand here? 我可以站在這里嗎？No, you mustnt (cant).不，不行。 4.（1）neednt意為“不必”。如：You neednt meet him unless youd like to.你不需要見他，除非你愿意。 （2）neednt + have+動詞的過去分詞，表不需要完成但已完成的動作，暗含時間或精力上的浪費。如： You neednt have bought it.你沒必要買它（但你卻買了）。 5. shouldnt表示不應(yīng)該。如：You shouldnt feel so unhappy ove

23、r such little things.對于這種小事，你不應(yīng)該感到這么不高興。 考點四:情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài) 含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動詞+ be + done (動詞的過去分詞)。做題時要兼顧情態(tài)動詞和被動語態(tài)這兩個方面。如：You neednt get up so early every day.你不必每天都起這么早。She shouldnt speak to her mother in that way.她不應(yīng)該用那種方式和媽媽說話。More and more trees must be planted in China.在中國必須種植更多的樹木。Many of the st

24、ars can not be seen because they are far away from us.很多星星我們都看不到，因為它們離我們太遠(yuǎn)了。 . . 考點五:情態(tài)動詞表示推測的用法: 一、“情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形”表示對現(xiàn)在的推測。 1、can表示推測時一般用于否定句或疑問句。如：That man cant be her husbandshe is still single. Who is knocking at the door? Can it be the postman? 2、must表示肯定的推測，一般用于肯定句中。如：He must be in his office now.

25、Mr Li must be working now，for the lights in his office are still on. 3、might表示推測時不一定是may的過去時，只是表示其可能性較小。如：The man may be the headmaster. Where is Mr Li?He might be working in his office. May Mr Li come?He might not come here. 4、Could表示推測時，語氣can比要弱，說話者留有余地。如：Could it be an animal?It could not be，beca

26、use it is not moving. 5、Should表示推測的可能性比較大，僅比must的可能性小一點。如：It is already 10 oclock now they should be there. 二、情態(tài)動詞表示對過去可能發(fā)生的動作或存在過的動作的推測性用法。 1、“must +have done/been-”表示“過去一定發(fā)生過某事或存在過某種狀態(tài)”，不用于“musnt+have-”形式。如：She must have seen the film before，hasntshe?(注意 反意疑問句的后半部分) You must have met uncle Wang in

27、 the shop yesterday，didnt you? (注意反意疑問句的 后半部分) 2、“should +have done /been-”表示“本應(yīng)當(dāng)做某事，而實際上并沒有做”；“shouldnt+完成式”表示“本來不應(yīng)當(dāng)做，而實際上卻做了”。以上結(jié)構(gòu)常帶有說話者的責(zé)備. . 的感情色彩。如：You should have finished your homework earlier (but in fact you did not finish it on time). You shouldnt have gone to bed when you woke up at five

28、(but in fact you went to bed again then). 3、“neednt+完成式”表示“本來沒有必要做某事，而實際上卻做了”。如：There was plenty of time. She neednt have hurried . 4、“cant /couldnt+have done /been-”表示“過去不可能發(fā)生了某事或存在過某種狀態(tài)”。如： I saw him just now. He cant have gone to Japan. She said the man couldnt have stolen her car. 5、“could+have

29、done/been-”表示“過去本來能夠，可以做某事或成為某種狀態(tài)，而實際上沒有”，說話者有些遺憾。“could sb. have done /been-？”是它的問句形式。如：You could have stayed with the Smiths while you were in New York (but in fact you stayed in a nearby hotel .) Could Mr Li have helped this girl student? 6、“may/might+完成式”表示“過去可能，本來可以于某事而實際上沒有干”，might的可能性較小，語氣較弱。

30、如：He may have finished reading the book. She might have given you some help，however bus she was. 【情態(tài)動詞易混點歸納】 易混點一: can和be able to: 兩者表示能力時用法相同，但can只有原形“can”和過去式“could”兩種形式，在其他時態(tài)中要用be able to來表示。另外be able to常常指經(jīng)過努力，花費了時間和勞力之后才能做到某事。如：Jim cant speak English.吉姆不會說英語。He could speak English at 5.他五歲時就會說英

31、語。Well be able to see him next week.下星期我們將會見到他。He has been able . . to drive.他已經(jīng)會開車了。Im sure youll be able to finish it quickly.我相信你能迅速地完成。We were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon.我們能在中午到達山頂。 易混點二:can和may 1. can和may均可用來征求意見或許可，意為“可以”，一般可互換使用。如：Can/ May I help you ? 我能幫助你嗎？ 2. can和may表示可

32、能性時的區(qū)別： 1)在肯定句中用might，may，must，不用can 2)在疑問句中表示推測用can，不用might，may，must 3)在否定句中用cant（不可能），不用may，must。如：She may be in the classroom .她可能在教室里。Where can they be now?他們現(xiàn)在可能在哪兒？That cant be true.那不可能是真的。 易混點三: may be和maybe 用法區(qū)別 常用位置 may be may為情態(tài)動詞，be為動詞原形 句中，作謂語 maybe 副詞，大概、也許，相當(dāng)于perhaps 句首，作狀語 例如：He may

33、be wrong , but Im not sure.也許他錯了，但我也不確定。 易混點四：cant和mustnt 1. cant根據(jù)其基本用法可譯為： （1）不會。如：I cant speak English .我不會說英語。 （2）不能。如：We cant do it now because its too dark.天太黑了，我們現(xiàn)在干不了。 （3）否定句中表示推測?！安豢赡堋?，如：The man cant be our teacher because he is much younger than our teacher.那個人不可能是咱們老師，他年輕得多。 2. mustnt意為“禁

34、止、不許”，用來表達命令，表示強烈的語氣。如：You mustnt play . . football in the street. Its too dangerous.你不可以在街上踢足球，太危險了。 易混點五：must和have to 1.must側(cè)重于個人意志和主觀上的必要。have to側(cè)重于客觀上的必要，可用于現(xiàn)在時、過去時和將來時。如：I know I must study hard.我知道我必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night.我弟弟病得厲害，我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請來

35、。I havent got any money with me, so Ill have to borrow some from my friend.我身上沒帶錢，只好向朋友借點了。He said they must work hard.他說他們必須努力工作。 2. have to可以用于多種時態(tài)；而must只用于一般現(xiàn)在或?qū)?。如：The composition is due to hand in this morning, so I had to finish it last night.作文今天早晨到期，因此我不得不昨天晚上完成。 易混點六: used to do / be used t

36、o doing / be used to do/ be used for doing sth used to do表示過去常常發(fā)生的動作，強調(diào)過去，只用于過去，注意用to do，不用doing形式；而be used to doing意為“習(xí)慣做”，be可有各種時態(tài)；be used to do意為“被使用去做,”為被動語態(tài)形式。be used for doing sth“用作”如：My father used to eating meat.我父親過去起床晚，但現(xiàn)在不得不早起了。She is used to eating meat.她習(xí)慣吃肉。He wasnt used to eating in

37、a restaurant.他不習(xí)慣在飯店吃飯。A knife can be used for cutting things.(刀可以用來割東西)/ A knife can be used to cut things.(刀可以用來割東西) 【情態(tài)動詞例題解析】 1、_ you pass me a pen? Id like to write down the phone number. Sure. Here it is. A. Can B. Need C. Might D. Must 【解析】由題干可知，本句表示請求、許可。答案：A 2、May I go to the cinema, mum? C

38、ertainly, but you _ be back by 11 oclock. . . A. can B. may C. must D. need 【解析】由題意可知，此處并非表推測的用法，而是媽媽對孩子提出的要求，故選C,意為“必須”。答案：C 3、You _ get there by bus. A. dont need B. neednt to C. dont need to D. need dont to 【解析】由選項A可知need為實義動詞，故應(yīng)加上to才正確。選項B neednt為情態(tài)動詞，應(yīng)去掉to，故選C. 4、You _ worry about me. Its nothi

39、ng serious. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. wont 【解析】由題干Its nothing serious可推斷，第一句意為“你不必為我擔(dān)心”，故選C。本題易錯選B, mustnt意為“禁止”，故不正確。答案：C 5、Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Please? Sorry, Im not sure . But it _ be. A. might B.mustnt C.cant D.must 解析】考查情態(tài)動詞might表推測的用法?！癐m not sure”說明說話者的語氣并不肯定，所以

40、要用might。答案：A 6、The man in the office_be Mr. Black, because he went home just now. A.mustnt B.may not C.cant D.neednt 【解析】由下文he went home just now可知，作者判斷辦公室里那個人（不可能是Mr. Black。mustnt意為“千萬別”，may not意為“可能不”，neednt意為“不必”。cant意為不可能，故選C。 7、Can you go surfing with us this afternoon? Id like to , but I _ loo

41、k after my sister at home , because my mother is ill. . . A.need B.must C.have to D.should 【解析】由題干my mother is ill為客觀要求可知，選C. 8、May I take this book out of the reading room? _. Please read it here. A. Certainly B.No, you neednt C.No, you mustnt D.No, you may not 【解析】May I?的否定答語為No, you cant/ mustnt.

42、；Must I ?否定答語為No，you neednt/dont have to.;Can I ?的否定答語為No，you cant.在口語交際中，要體會句子中的情感差別。答案：C 【情態(tài)動詞活學(xué)巧練】 1 1 John_ come to see us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. may B. canC. has to D. must 2 They _ do well in the exam. A. can be able to B. be able toC. can able to D. are able to 3May I take thi

43、s book out?No, you_. A. cant B. may not C. neednt D. arent 4 You_ go and see a doctor at once because youre got a fever. A. can B. must C. dare D. would 5Can you speak Japanese?No, I_. A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. may not 2 1He_ be in the classroom, I think.No, he _ be in the classroom. I saw him

44、go home a minute ago. A. can; may not B. must; may not C. may; cant D. may; mustnt 2Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad?Thanks, but you_, Ive had enough. A. may not B. must not C. cant D. neednt . . 3 Even the top students in our class cant work out this problem, so it be very difficult. A. may B

45、. must C. can D. need 4 He isnt at school. I think he _ be ill. A. can B. shall C. must D. has to 5 _ I take this one? A. May B. Will C. Are D. Do 3 1 The children_ play football on the road. A. cant B. can C. mustnt D. must 2 You _ be late for school again next time. A. mustnt B. needntC. dont have to D. dont need to 3Must I do my homework at once?No, you_. A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant D. may not 4 1 His arm is all right. He_ go and see the doctor. A. has not