[專業(yè)英語(yǔ)考試復(fù)習(xí)資料]專業(yè)八級(jí)分類模擬307

1、專業(yè)英語(yǔ)考試復(fù)習(xí)資料專業(yè)八級(jí)分類模擬307專業(yè)英語(yǔ)考試復(fù)習(xí)資料專業(yè)八級(jí)分類模擬307專業(yè)八級(jí)分類模擬307LANGUAGE USAGE The image was fascinating, as justice John Paul Stevens, a Chicago native, presented it. A gang member and his father are hanging in near Wrigley Field. Are they there to rob an 1 unsuspecting fan or just to get a glimpse of Sammy S

2、osa leaving the ball park? A police officer has no idea, but under Chicagos anti- gang law, the cop must order them disperse. With Stevens writing 2 for a 6-to-3 majority, the Supreme Court last week struck down Chicagos sweeping law, as had sparked 42,000 arrests in its three 3 years of enforcement

3、. The decision was a blow to advocates of get-tough crime policies. And in a widely noted concurring opinion, Justice Sandra 4 Day OConnor suggested that a less harsh approachdistinguishing gang members and innocent bystandersmight pass constitutional 5 muster. New language could target loiterers wi

4、th no apparent purpose rather than to establish control over identifiable areas, to 6 intimidate others from entering those areas or to conceal legal 7 activities, she wrote. Chicago officials vowed to draft a new measure. We will go back and correct it and then move forward, said Mayor Richard Dale

5、y. Chicago officials, along with the League of Cities and 31 states that sided with them in the court, might do well to look at one state 8 where anti-gang loitering prosecutions have withstood constitutional challenges: California. The state has two antiloitering laws on the books, aiming at people

6、 intending to commit specific crimes 9 prostitution and drug dealing. In addition, a number of local prosecutors are waging war for gangs by an innovative use of the 10 public-nuisance laws. 1.答案:inout解析 固定搭配中的副詞錯(cuò)誤。本句的含義是“一個(gè)黑幫成員和他的父親在里格利球場(chǎng)附近閑蕩?！币虼藨?yīng)該使用固定搭配hang out，表示“(在某個(gè)固定地方)消磨空閑時(shí)間”。hang in表示“堅(jiān)持不懈”，

7、不符合文章意思。2.答案:disperseto解析 動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to缺失。“命令某人做某事”應(yīng)該使用order sb. to do sth. ，動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to不能省略。disperse意為“驅(qū)散，散開”。3.答案:aswhich解析 定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞誤用。此處是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是law，因此應(yīng)該使用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)，而as一般代指整個(gè)句子。4.答案:AndBut解析 連詞誤用。上句說(shuō)“這一決定對(duì)于那些主張嚴(yán)厲懲治犯罪的人來(lái)說(shuō)，無(wú)疑是當(dāng)頭一棒”，下句說(shuō)“法官奧康納認(rèn)為采取一種不太嚴(yán)厲的做法可能更符合憲法的規(guī)定”，可見二者是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。5.答案:andfrom解析 固定搭配中

8、的介詞誤用。distinguish.from.意思是“把與區(qū)分開”。此處含義是“把犯罪集團(tuán)成員與無(wú)辜的旁觀者區(qū)分開”。6.答案:ratherother解析 語(yǔ)義錯(cuò)誤。other than是固定搭配，表示“除了以外，不包括”。本句的含義是“議案中使用的新的措辭可能會(huì)把那些除了控制可識(shí)別區(qū)域、恐嚇?biāo)瞬坏眠M(jìn)入該區(qū)域或隱瞞非法活動(dòng)外沒(méi)有其他明確目的的閑蕩者作為目標(biāo)?！?.答案:legalillegal解析 語(yǔ)義錯(cuò)誤。此處意為“隱瞞非法活動(dòng)”，因此將legal改為illegal。8.答案:thethe解析 冠詞冗余。in court表示“在法庭上，出庭”，不需要加冠詞。9.答案:aimingaimed

9、解析 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞誤用。當(dāng)aim的主語(yǔ)是物時(shí)，一般使用“sth. is aimed at.”的結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“某事旨在”，故應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞aimed。10.答案:foragainst解析 介詞誤用。wage war against表示“向開戰(zhàn)”。本句意為“許多當(dāng)?shù)氐臋z察官正創(chuàng)新性地運(yùn)用公共妨害法向犯罪集團(tuán)宣戰(zhàn)?！?Thanks in no small part to A1 Gore and his film producers, the American public is waking up to the seriousness of global warming. That is not so w

10、idely appreciated is that unless the US government 11 acted urgently and decisively, this problem could very quickly get 12 very much worse. For reasons both economic or political coal is poised to be the 13 fuel of choice in the coming decades as the US weans itself off foreign oil. Coal combustion

11、 generates half the USs electricity and releases at 1.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide a year. If present 14 trends continue, these figures will be more than double by 2050, much on to the detriment of the worlds climate. Without an 15 alternative fuel, the only solution is to capture and store carb

12、on dioxide from burning coal. Overcome the engineering obstacles in the way of. large-scale 16 sequestration of carbon dioxide will be hard enough, and the bigger 17 challenge is one of political will. US companies as yet have no incentive to capture carbon emissions. While movements at state 18 and

13、 congressional levels are pushing in the right direction, the ambiguity in the administrations policy is counterproductive. It is time for the US government to put price on carbon 19 emissions so utilities that invest in technologies to reduce carbon emissions will see their efforts rewarding. Such

14、a move would not 20 only reduce the risks associated with global warming, but also go a long way to restoring Americas green credentials. 11.答案:ThatWhat解析 從句中的連詞誤用。本句主語(yǔ)是主語(yǔ)從句，需要使用what作為從句的主語(yǔ)，雖然that也能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，但是它不作任何成分。12.答案:actedacts解析 時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。本句是unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，是一種假設(shè)，因此使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而不是過(guò)去時(shí)。13.答案:orand解析 固定搭配錯(cuò)誤

15、。本句的意思是“出于政治上和經(jīng)濟(jì)上的原因”，表示兩個(gè)原因，因此使用both.and.，而or一般和either連用，表示二者選擇其一。14.答案:atabout解析 介詞誤用。本句是說(shuō)燃燒煤炭每年約釋放15億噸的二氧化碳，只有介詞about表示“大約”，而at表示“在方面”，不符合上下文語(yǔ)境。15.答案:onon解析 介詞冗余。to the detriment of the worlds climate表示“對(duì)世界氣候造成危害”，on表示“在之上”，在此處是多余的。16.答案:OvercomeOvercoming解析 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞誤用。此處overcome引導(dǎo)的這個(gè)短語(yǔ)是作為整個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)，因此

16、不能使用原形或者過(guò)去分詞形式，可以使用動(dòng)名詞形式。17.答案:andbut解析 連詞誤用。此處是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，而不是順承關(guān)系。18.答案:movementsmoves解析 詞義混淆。movement表示“運(yùn)動(dòng)，動(dòng)作，活動(dòng)”，而move表示“策略，為達(dá)到某個(gè)目的而采取的行動(dòng)”，此處指州政府和國(guó)會(huì)正采取積極的策略。19.答案:puta解析 冠詞缺失。put a price on是固定搭配，表示“給定價(jià)”，其中的不定冠詞a不能省略。20.答案:rewardingrewarded解析 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞誤用。此處是指美國(guó)政府到了應(yīng)該為碳排放定價(jià)的時(shí)候了，以便投資技術(shù)用于減少二氧化碳排放的公用事業(yè)公司得到回報(bào)。ef

17、forts與reward是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)該使用過(guò)去分詞，表示被動(dòng)。 Contrary to what many people think, depression is not a normal part of growing older. Or is it harder to treat in older people. 21 But it is often harder to recognize and harder to get patients accept 22 and continue with treatment. Most people think sadness is a hal

18、lmark of depression, Bruce said. Hence more often in older people its anhedonia 23 theyre not enjoying life. Theyre irritable and cranky. She added: Many older people desperate over the quality of their lives at the 24 end of life. If they have a functional ability or serious medical 25 illness, it

19、may make it harder to notice depression in older people. Family members, friends and medical personnel must take 26 seriously when an older person says Life is not worth live, I 27 dont see any point in living, Id be better off dead or My family would be better off if I died, the experts emphasized.

20、 Listen carefully, empathize and help the person get evaluated for treatment or into treatment, Brown urged. He warned that depressed older adults tend to have few symptoms than younger 28 adults who are depressed. The ideal approach, of course, is to prevent depression in the first place. Brown rec

21、ommended that older adults structured their 29 days by maintaining a regular cycle and planning activities that give them pleasure, purpose and a reason for living. He suggested social activities of any typejoining a book club or bowling league, going to a senior center or gym, taking courses at a l

22、ocal college, hanging on out at the coffee shop. 30 Bruce suggests taking up a new interest like painting or needlework or volunteering at a place of worship, school or museum. Brown explains that any activity the person is able to do can help to prevent depression and silly ideas of killing oneself

23、. 21.答案:OrNor解析 連詞誤用。本句使用的是倒裝句型，而or放在句首時(shí)，句子不倒裝，只有表示否定的連詞nor，neither等放在句首時(shí)句子才倒裝，并且根據(jù)第一句“恰與人們的常識(shí)相反，抑郁癥并不隨著人們年齡的增長(zhǎng)而加重”，可以判斷本句的含義是“老年人的抑郁癥也不難治愈”，因此可以判斷應(yīng)該使用Nor。22.答案:acceptto解析 動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to的缺失。get sb. to do sth. 表示“讓某人做某事”，其中的動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to不能省略。23.答案:HenceBut解析 銜接錯(cuò)誤。前句說(shuō)“很多人認(rèn)為悲傷是抑郁的標(biāo)志”，接著布魯斯說(shuō)“實(shí)際上老年患者則表現(xiàn)為缺乏幸福感他們不能

24、享受生活。他們焦躁不安并且脾氣暴躁。”由此可見兩句話之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，而不是順承關(guān)系，所以使用But。24.答案:desperatedespair解析 詞性混用。desperate和despair都表示“絕望”，但是desperate是形容詞，不能直接作謂語(yǔ)，而despair是動(dòng)詞。25.答案:abilitydisability解析 語(yǔ)義錯(cuò)誤。本句說(shuō)“如果這些人有身體殘疾或者嚴(yán)重疾病的話，人們就更難意識(shí)到這些老年人的抑郁癥了?！盿 functional disability表示“殘疾”。26.答案:takeit解析 It句型錯(cuò)誤。本句中take的賓語(yǔ)是后面的賓語(yǔ)從句“when an older

25、person says.”，seriously是補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，因此需要it作形式賓語(yǔ)。27.答案:liveliving解析 固定搭配錯(cuò)誤。be worth doing sth. 表示“值得做什么”，必須使用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。28.答案:fewfewer解析 形容詞比較級(jí)錯(cuò)誤。此處說(shuō)“老年人患抑郁癥的癥狀要比年輕患者少”，并且有明顯的比較連詞than，因此應(yīng)該使用比較級(jí)。29.答案:structuredstructure解析 虛擬語(yǔ)氣錯(cuò)誤。表示“建議”的動(dòng)詞如suggest，recommend等后面接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)需要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句謂語(yǔ)部分用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。30.答案:on

26、on解析 介詞冗余。此處句子意思為“到咖啡店里消磨時(shí)間”，應(yīng)該使用hang out“消磨時(shí)間”。 A trade group for liquor retailers put out a press release with an alarming headline: Millions of Kids Buy Internet Alcohol, Landmark Survey Reveals. The announcement, from the Wine and Spirits Wholesalers of America, received widely media attention.

27、On NBCs Today Show, 31 Lea Thompson said, According to a new online survey, one in 10 teenagers has an underage friend who has ordered beer, wine or 32 liquor over the internet. More than a third think they can easily do it but nearly half think they wont get caught. Several newspapers 33 mentioned

28、the study, including USA Today and the Record of New Jersey. The news even made Australias Gold Coast Bulletin. Are millions of kids really buying booze online? To arrive that 34 shocking headline, the group used some questioning logic to pump 35 up the results from a survey that was already tilted

29、in favor of finding 36 a large number of online buyer. For starters, consider the source. The trade group that commissioned the survey has long fought efforts to expand online sales of alcohol; its members are local distributors which compete 37 with online liquor sellers. Some of the news coverage

30、pointed out that conflict of interest, though reports didnt delve more deeply 38 on how the numbers were computed. 39 The Wine and Spirits Wholesalers of America hired Teenage Research Unlimited, a research company, to design the study. Teenage Research, in return, hired San Diego polling firm Luth 40 Research to put the questions to 1,001 people between the ages of 14 and