2012屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)名詞性從句語(yǔ)法講解

1、2012屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法講解：名詞性從句【知識(shí)要點(diǎn)】一、在句中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞性從句，它包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。如： whether he will come here or not is unimportant to me.（主語(yǔ)從句）i don t know what he means.（賓語(yǔ)從句）i m glad that you are here.（賓語(yǔ)從句用在形容詞之后）the teacher is satisfied with what you have done.（介詞賓語(yǔ)從句）that was because he was ill.（表語(yǔ)從句）

2、the news that he got killed in the race surprised us all.（同位語(yǔ)從句）二、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞連接詞詞義功能that無(wú)詞義不作成分，只起連接作用whether/if是否不作成分，起連接作用what,which什么，哪個(gè)作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)who,whom,whose誰(shuí)，誰(shuí)的作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)when,where,how,why什么時(shí)候/地方，怎么樣，為什么作狀語(yǔ)how many/much多少作定語(yǔ)howsoon/often/long/much多久，多久一次，多長(zhǎng)，多么作狀語(yǔ).詞義及功能同疑問(wèn)詞whatever=anything that

3、無(wú)論什么作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)whosever=anyone whose無(wú)論誰(shuí)的作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)whichever=anything that無(wú)論哪個(gè)作賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)whoever=anyone who無(wú)論誰(shuí)作主語(yǔ)whomever=anyone whom無(wú)論誰(shuí)作賓語(yǔ)i.that引導(dǎo)的從句如果作介詞賓語(yǔ)只可用在except , in , but , besides等少數(shù)介詞后。如：i could say nothing but that im sorry.that引導(dǎo)的從句可作it的同位語(yǔ)從句。如：you may depend upon it that all the good

4、s will be delivered in time.2.that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可省略；引導(dǎo)其他名詞性從句時(shí)，一般不省略，特別是引導(dǎo) 主語(yǔ)從句且位于句首時(shí)。如：that the earth is round is true.the fact that he is a thief got around.注意：下面一句中，第一個(gè) that可省略，第二個(gè)that不可省略：he said (that ) he had been working here for ten years and that he wanted to go home.3 .whether與if引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)的區(qū)別。(1)在引

5、導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí) whether與if可互換，但如果和or not連用則只用 whether o如：i don t know whether or not he can stay here longer.(2)如果賓語(yǔ)從句是否定結(jié)構(gòu)，則用 if而不用whether引導(dǎo)。如：he asked me if i wasnt going there.(3)介詞賓語(yǔ)從句只能用whether引導(dǎo)。如：i m not interested in whether he is rich.(4)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句一般多用whether o如：the question is whether you ca

6、n do it yourself.the question whether he will come here himself isnt decided yet.whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.(5)用it作形式主語(yǔ)時(shí)，whether或if都可以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。如：it is not clear to me whether/if he likes the present.4 .注意 what/whatever ; who/whoever ; which/whichever 的區(qū)別。試比較下列句子：whoever will

7、 go to the concert please signs your name here.=anyone who will goto the concert please signs your name here.who will go to the concert isnt known.=its unknown who will go to the concert.he wont believe whatever she says.=no matter what she says, he wont believe her.whichhever toy you want is yours.

8、=no matter which toy you want, it is yours.5 .注意 how long/how soon/how often/how much的區(qū)另u。how long will he stay here?他將在這里待多久？how soon can you be ready?你多久能準(zhǔn)備好？how often do you visit her?你多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間去探望她一次？how much is that dress?那件衣服多少錢(qián)？6 .當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示不肯定或懷疑時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句用whether/if 引導(dǎo)；表示有把握時(shí)用that引導(dǎo)。如：i doubt whether

9、/if he can win the match.i don t doubt that he can win the match.7 .what與that在引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，而that則不然。如:what you said yesterday is right.that she is still alive is a fact.8 .主語(yǔ)從句不可位于句首的五種情況(1) if引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。(2) it is said/reported.結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。如：it is said that presid

10、ent jiang will visit our school next week.(right )that president jiang will visit our school next week is said.(wrong)(3) it happens. , it occurs.結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。如：it occurred to him that he failed in the examination.(right )that he failed in the examination occurred to him.(wrong)(4) it doesn t matter

11、 how/whether.結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。如：it doesn t matter whether he is wrong or not.(right )whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter.(wrong)(5) 含主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句是疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。如：is it likely that it will rain in the evening?(right )is that will rain in the evening likely?(wrong)一、主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句，通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或由形式

12、主語(yǔ)it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1.1 t作形式主語(yǔ)和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較it作形式主語(yǔ)代替主語(yǔ)從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞沒(méi)有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無(wú)論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)也可用who/whom)如：it is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.你沒(méi)去看那場(chǎng)電影真是遺憾。it doesn t interest me whether you succeed or not.你成功與否對(duì)我沒(méi)有什么吸弓 i力。2 .用it作形式主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)1)it is +名詞+從句it

13、 is a fact that .事實(shí)是川川it is an honor that. 非常榮幸it is common knowledge that. 是常識(shí)2)it is +形容詞+從句it is natural that. 很自然川川it is strange that.奇怪的是川|3)it is+不及物動(dòng)詞+從句it seems that. 似乎 i illi iit happened that. 碰巧 ihni4)it+過(guò)去分詞+從句it is reported that. 據(jù)報(bào)道 1|已證實(shí)it has been proved that.3 .主語(yǔ)從句不可位于句首的五種情況1)if

14、引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。2)it is said , (reported).結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。如：據(jù)說(shuō)江主席下周要來(lái)我校視察。it is said that president jiang will visit our school next week.(right)that president jiang will visit our school next week is said.(wrong)3)it happens. , it occurs.結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。如：他考試沒(méi)及格。it occurred to him that he failed in the

15、examination.(right)that he failed in the examination occurred to him.(wrong)4)it doesn t matter how/whether .結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。如：他是不是錯(cuò)了，這一點(diǎn)不重要。it doesn t matter whether he is wrong or not.(right)whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter.(wrong)5)含主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句是疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。如： 傍晚有可能下雨嗎？is it likely that it wil

16、l rain in the evening? (right)is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)4 .what與that在引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，而 that則不然。如：what you said yesterday is right.你昨天說(shuō)的是對(duì)的。二、賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(及物動(dòng)詞)或介詞之后。1 .作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)1)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句(that通?？梢允÷?，如：i heard that he joined the

17、 army.我聽(tīng)說(shuō)他參軍了。2)由what, whether (if)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，如：she did not know what had happened.她不知道發(fā)生了 什么事。3）動(dòng)詞+間接兵語(yǔ)+兵語(yǔ)從句。如：她跟我說(shuō)她愿意接受我的邀請(qǐng)。she told me that she would accept my invitation.2 .作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，如：our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.我們的成功取決于我們的合作情況。3 .作形容詞的賓語(yǔ)，如：i am afraid (that)iv

18、e made a mistake.我恐怕是犯錯(cuò)了。that引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語(yǔ)：anxious , aware, certain , confident , convinced , determined , glad , proud , surprised , worried , sorry , thankful , ashamed, disappointed , annoyed , pleased , hurt , satisfied , content等。也可以將此類詞后的 that從句看作原因狀語(yǔ)從句。1.1 t可以作為形式賓語(yǔ)it不僅可以作為形式主語(yǔ)，還可以作為形式賓語(yǔ)而

19、把真正的賓語(yǔ)that從句放在句尾，特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中。如：we heard it that she would get married next month.我們聽(tīng)說(shuō)她打算下個(gè)月結(jié)婚。5 .后邊不能直接跟that從句的動(dòng)詞這類動(dòng)詞有 allow , refuse , let , like , cause, force , admire , condemn, celebrate , dislike , love , help , take , forgive 等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但不 可以用that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：我非常羨慕他們贏得了比賽的勝利。i admire

20、their winning the match.(right)i admire that they won the match.(wrong)6 .不可用that從句作直接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有些動(dòng)詞不可用于動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+ that從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，常見(jiàn)的有envy , order , accuse ,refuse , impress , forgive , blame, denounce, advise , congratulate 等。如：作為一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人，他給經(jīng)理留下了很深的印象。he impressed the manager as an honest man.(right)he impressed

21、 the manager that he was an honest man.(wrong)7 .否定的轉(zhuǎn)移若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為 think , consider , suppose, believe , expect , fancy , guess, imagine等，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語(yǔ)上，從句謂語(yǔ)用肯定式。如：i don t think this dress fits you well.（我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。）三、表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ)的名詞性從句，放在系動(dòng)詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)從句”?？梢越颖碚Z(yǔ)從句的連系動(dòng)詞有 be,

22、 look , remain , seem等。另外，常用 的還有 the reason is that. 和 it is because 等結(jié)構(gòu)。如：the question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.問(wèn)題是我們能否在那么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)作好充分的準(zhǔn)備。this is why we cant get the support of the people.這就是我們?yōu)槭裁吹貌坏饺嗣裰С值脑?。四、同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語(yǔ)的名詞性從句。1 .同位語(yǔ)從句的功能同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說(shuō)

23、明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由 that引導(dǎo)。如：the king s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.國(guó)王作出的這名囚犯釋放的決定讓人們大吃一驚。2 .同位語(yǔ)在句子中的位置同位語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說(shuō)明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開(kāi)。如：he got the news from mary that the sports meeting was put off.他從瑪麗那里得知運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)要延期舉行。3 .同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別1）定語(yǔ)從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時(shí)在從句中作某個(gè)成分（主語(yǔ)

24、或賓語(yǔ)），而同位語(yǔ)從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。2）定語(yǔ)從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對(duì)先行詞加以限定，描述它的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語(yǔ)從句是名詞性的，其功能是對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。如：the news that he told me is that tom would go abroad next year.他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國(guó)。（第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語(yǔ)從句，that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）the news that tom would go abroad is told by him.湯姆將出國(guó)的消息是他講的。（同位語(yǔ)從句，that在句中不

25、作任何成分）【考點(diǎn)詮釋】考點(diǎn) 1 主語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞主要有三類：連接詞 that ， whether ；連接代詞what ， who ， whose ， whatever ， whichever ， whoever 等；連接副詞when ， where ， why ， how 等。1連接詞 that ， whether 引導(dǎo) that the college wiu take in more new students this year is true 今年這所大學(xué)將招收 更多新生是真的。 whether he can finish his task on time is of gr

26、eat importance 他是否能按時(shí)完成任務(wù)非常重要。特別提示(1)if 不能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。(2)形式主語(yǔ) it 替代主語(yǔ)從句。常見(jiàn)的 it 替代主語(yǔ)從句的句式主要有以下幾種：a it+ 系動(dòng)詞+形容詞+that 從句。如：it is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure 很清楚， 整個(gè)計(jì)劃注定要失敗。b it+ 系動(dòng)詞 +名詞 +that 從句。如：it is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace 我們的希望是雙方能朝著和平的 方向發(fā)展。c it+

27、be+v ed 形式 +that 從句。如：it is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out 據(jù)宣布計(jì)劃已經(jīng)順利實(shí)施。2連接代詞引導(dǎo)what we can t get seems better than what we alredy have.我們得不到的東西似乎比 我們擁有的東西好。 who the letter was from is still unknown 這封信是誰(shuí)寄出的還不清楚。 whichever of you gets here first will get the prize 你們當(dāng)中第一個(gè)到達(dá)這

28、里的人將獲得獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。3連接副詞引導(dǎo).針灸是如何減輕和解除疼痛的 how acupuncture reduces and relieves pain is unclear還不清楚。 why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery 恐龍為什么突然消失了還是個(gè)謎?？键c(diǎn) 2 賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞主要有三類： 連接詞 that ， whether ， if 等， 連接代詞 what， who ，whose ， whatever ， whichever ， whoever 等，連接副詞 when ， where ， why ， h

29、ow 等。1連接詞that ， whether ， if 引導(dǎo) i think(that)you should turn to the teacher for help 我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該向老師尋求幫助。 i don t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。特別提示whether/if 都意為 “是否 ” 。一般情況下，它們可以互換，口語(yǔ)中常用if ，但以下情況中，只能用 whether 。(1)與 or not 緊接連用時(shí)。如：let me know whether or not yo

30、u can come 請(qǐng)讓我知道你是否能來(lái)。(2)作介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。如：we are interested in whether you will attend the meeting 我們對(duì)你是否參加會(huì)議感興趣。2連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)連接代詞有what ， who ， whose ， whatever ， whichever ， whoever 等， 連接副詞有when ，where ， why ， how 等。如： she asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class 她問(wèn)我班上誰(shuí)的書(shū)法最好。 i 11 just say wh

31、atever comesinto my mind 我想到什么就說(shuō)什么。 do you know when the ancient olympic games began? 你知道古代的奧運(yùn)會(huì)是什么時(shí)間開(kāi)始的嗎 ? i ve been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting 我一直在考慮如何使我們的報(bào)紙更用趣。3賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序在賓語(yǔ)從句中要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。如： he asked me when we could set out the next day 他問(wèn)我第二天什么時(shí)候可以出發(fā)。 did you find ou

32、t where she lost her car? 你查出她在哪里丟的車了嗎 ?4賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)(1) 當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)，其賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)可以是任何適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)。如： she says(that)she works from monday to friday 她說(shuō)她周一至周五上班。 (從句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) ) she says(that)she will leave a message on his desk 她說(shuō)她要在他桌子上留個(gè)便條。 (從句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)) she says(that)she has never been to mount emei 她說(shuō)她從來(lái)沒(méi)有去過(guò)峨眉山。(從句

33、是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))(2)當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去式時(shí)，其賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般要用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。如： he said there were no classes yesterday afternoon 他說(shuō)昨天下午沒(méi)有課。 (從句是一般過(guò)去時(shí) ) he said t hat he was going to take care of the baby 他說(shuō)他會(huì)去照看這個(gè)嬰兒。(從句是過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)) he said that they were having a meeting at that time 他說(shuō)他們那時(shí)正在開(kāi)會(huì)。(從句是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí))(3)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是表達(dá)客觀真理和規(guī)律的句子時(shí)，其時(shí)態(tài)仍舊用

34、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如： the teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it 老師告訴我們世上無(wú)難事，只怕有心人。 he said that light travels much faster than sound 他說(shuō)光比聲音傳播得快。特別提示在使用賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)需要注意下面幾點(diǎn)： 1)動(dòng)詞 find ， feel ， think ， consider， make， believe ， guess， suppose ， assume 等后有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，則需要用 it 作形式賓語(yǔ)，而將that 賓語(yǔ)從句后置

35、。如： i think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day 我認(rèn)為每天多喝開(kāi)水是有必要的。 i have made it a rule that i keep diaries 我每天寫(xiě)日記成了慣例。(2)hate ， like ， take ， owe ， have， take for granted 等表示 “喜歡；痛恨；認(rèn)為 ” 的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)和 see to 表示 “注意， 留意 ”后有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)， 需要用 it 作形式賓語(yǔ)而將賓語(yǔ)從句 后置。如： i hate it when they talk wi

36、th their mouth full of food 我討厭他們滿嘴食物說(shuō)話。 when you start the engine ， you must see to it that the car is in neutral 啟動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí)，一定要使汽車的離合器處于空檔位置。(3)介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。如： she is always thinking of how she can do more for others 她總想著如何才能為別人做得更多。 we are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我彳門(mén)正在討論是否讓學(xué)

37、生加入我們的俱樂(lè)部。(4)賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移。將think ， believe ， suppose， expect， fancy ， imagine 等動(dòng)詞后面賓語(yǔ)從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中， 即主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用否定式， 而從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定式。如：i don t think i know yau我想我并不認(rèn)識(shí)你。i don t believe he will come我相信他不回來(lái)?？键c(diǎn)3、表語(yǔ)從句常由連接詞 that ， whether ；連接代詞 who ， whom ， whose ， which ， what ， whoever ， whomever ， whichever ， wh

38、atever ；連接副詞when ， where ， how ， why 引導(dǎo)。1連接詞引導(dǎo) the reason for his absence is that he hasn t been mformed就是他沒(méi)接到通知。 the question remains whether they will be able to help us 問(wèn)題還是他們能否幫我們。2連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo) the problem is who will take charge of this shop 問(wèn)題是誰(shuí)將接管這家店鋪。 that is when i realized the importance of

39、 journalism 那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到新聞工作的重要性。特別提示(1)as/as if/as though 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句常跟在特定動(dòng)詞后面，如 seem， appear ， look ， taste ， sound ， feel 等。如： it sounds as if someone is knocking at the door 聽(tīng)上去好像有人在敲門(mén)。21 at that time , it seemed as though i couldn t think of the righoord似乎怎么也想不出一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)淖盅蹃?lái)。(2) 當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是reason 時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句一般由 that

40、引導(dǎo)，這種用法常見(jiàn)于句型thereason why is that 如： the reason why he came late was that he got up late . 他來(lái)得晚是因 為起床晚了?？键c(diǎn) 4 同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句在句子中作某一名詞的同位語(yǔ)， 一般位于該名詞之后， 說(shuō)明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。 這些名詞常見(jiàn)的有idea， fact， news ， hope ， belief ， thought ， doubt ， promise ， suggestion ，order 等。(3) 常用連詞that 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句， that 無(wú)詞義，也不作句子成分，但不能省略。注意從句用陳述

41、句語(yǔ)序。如： they expressed the hope that we would go and visit shanghai again 他們表示希望我們?cè)偃ピL問(wèn)上海。 i have no idea t hat she quit her present job 我不知道她辭掉了現(xiàn)在的工作。 give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening 答應(yīng)我，你今天晚上會(huì)來(lái)參加我們的聚會(huì)。 同位語(yǔ)從句還可以用whether ， when ， where ， why ， how 等引導(dǎo)。如： the student a

42、sked me the question whether the book was worth reading 學(xué)生問(wèn)了我這 個(gè)問(wèn)題：這本書(shū)是否值得一讀。 i have no idea why he was excited at that time 我不知道當(dāng)時(shí)他激動(dòng)的原因。 考點(diǎn) 5 名詞性從句需要注意的事項(xiàng)1 that 的用法。在主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中 that 一般不能夠省略；在賓語(yǔ)從句中有時(shí)可以省略，一般需要注意下面兩點(diǎn)：(1) 當(dāng) that 從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)， that 不能省略。 如： they share little in common except that the

43、y are from the same country 除了來(lái)自同一個(gè)國(guó)家之外，他們幾乎沒(méi)有共同點(diǎn)。(2)當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，可以省略第一個(gè)that ， 其他的不省略。如：i believe(that)you ve done your best and that things will improve信你已經(jīng)盡力了， 而且情況也會(huì)得到改善。2 that 與 what 的區(qū)別。 that 在從句中不能夠充當(dāng)句子成分，也沒(méi)有含義； what 可以 在從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，意思是什么，的事情”。如： the hope that h e may recover is

44、 not gone yet 他會(huì)康復(fù)的希望沒(méi)有消失。 (that 不充當(dāng)成分，也無(wú)含義）（what作said的賓語(yǔ)，可wh at he said proved to be true .他所說(shuō)的話證明是正確的。以翻譯為“的話”）3 定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。定語(yǔ)從句是從句對(duì)其先行詞的修飾或限制；而同位語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)從句前面的抽象名詞作進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明和解釋。如：the news that our team has won the game was true .我們隊(duì)贏了那場(chǎng)比賽的消息是真 的。（同位語(yǔ)從句，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明news到底是一個(gè)什么消息）the news that he told me yeste

45、rday was true .昨天他告訴我的那個(gè)消息是真的。（定語(yǔ)從句，news在從句中作told的賓語(yǔ)） i made a promise that if anyone set me free 1 would make him very rich . 我許諾如果誰(shuí) 讓我自由，我就讓他非常富有。（同位語(yǔ)從句，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明promise的內(nèi)容） the mother made a promi se that pleased all her children . 媽媽許下了個(gè)令她的孩子們高興的諾言。（定語(yǔ)從句，promise在從句中作pleased的主語(yǔ)）【高考鏈接】2011年高考題1 （2011北京

46、卷）a. which2 （2011北京卷） face.a. what22.barbara jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.b. whatc. thatd. whom31. the shocking news mad me realize terrible problems we wouldb. howc. thatd. why用心愛(ài)心專心193 （2011 上海卷）35. there is clear evidence the most difficult feeling of all to interpret isbodil

47、y pain.a. whatb. ifc. howd. that4 （2011 上海卷）38. the message you intend to convey through words may be the exact oppositeof others finishes anything.actually understand.a. whyb. that5 （2011 山東卷） 26. i am afraid hec. whichd. whats more of a talker than a doer, which ishe neverll accept it.a. that b. w

48、hen c. where d. why6 （2011 山東卷）33.we ve offered her the job, but i don t know she a. whereb. whatc. whetherd. which7 （2011 江西卷）26. the villagers have already known we ll do is to rebuild the bridge.a. thisb. thatc. whatd. which2010年高考題1 .（2010 高考英語(yǔ)上海秋季卷 ,37）when changing lanes, a driver should use h

49、is turning signal to let other drivers know.a. he is entering which laneb. which lane he is enteringc. is he entering which laned. which lane is he entering【答案】b【解析】本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句.，出由引導(dǎo)的句子敞匕ie-的賓語(yǔ)，句子用陳述語(yǔ)序.2 .（2010 高考英語(yǔ)上海秋季卷，36）one reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to plac

50、es like shops and restaurants.a. thatb. howc. whatd. why【答案】a【解析】此處考查的是同位語(yǔ)從句?？疾?that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的用法。此處 that不可以 省略。3 .（2010 高考英語(yǔ)重慶卷，25）to improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions had used the products.a. whatever b. who c. whichever d. which【答案】a【解析】考查連詞.miorer弓i導(dǎo)賓吾從句，并在從句中作主魯，相當(dāng)于6丁。吃

51、ittic.4 .（2010 高考英語(yǔ)浙江卷，9）it is uncertain side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.a. thatb. whatc. howd. whether【答案】b【解析】考查名詞性從句。此處是由what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，指代 it的具體內(nèi)容，it是形 式主語(yǔ)，所以這里選 b項(xiàng)。5 .（2010 高考英語(yǔ)浙江卷，1）how about camping this weekend, just for a change?ok,

52、you want.a. whichever b. howeverc. whateverd. whoever【答案】c【解析】本題考查引導(dǎo)詞和交際用語(yǔ)。句意：這個(gè)周末野營(yíng)怎么樣，來(lái)點(diǎn)新鮮的？”好啊，按你的意思吧！”查情景交際。一一周末野營(yíng)怎么樣，換換口味？一一好的，你想干啥咱就干啥。此處 whatever表示“無(wú)論什么，作want的賓語(yǔ)。選 c項(xiàng)。6 .（2010 高考英語(yǔ)天津卷，14）as a new graduate, he doesn t know it takes to start a business here.a. how b. what c. when d. which【答案】b【

53、解析】考查名詞性從句。句意為：作為新畢業(yè)生，他不知道如何才能在這兒開(kāi)創(chuàng)事業(yè)。”賓語(yǔ)從句暗含it takesto do sth型，因此應(yīng)用 what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句并充當(dāng)從句中的賓語(yǔ)。7 .（2010 高考英語(yǔ)四卷 ,14）how much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on he goes with , whether his friends or relatives .a. what b. whoc. how d. why【答案】b【解析】考查介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句.根據(jù)句末的k血由江出0把七1& du&ht曾可知應(yīng)是和 誰(shuí)去，故選珍句意為

54、一一個(gè)人旅游多么享受很大程度上取決于他和惟去，無(wú)論是他的朋友 還是親戚.”8 .（2010 高考英語(yǔ)上海春季卷 ，38）there is no obvious evidence there is life on any otherplanet in the solar system.a. whichb. that c. how d. where【答案】b【解析】名詞性從句。此處是 that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì) evidenc進(jìn)行具體的說(shuō)明。 語(yǔ)意：沒(méi) 有明顯的證據(jù)表明在太陽(yáng)系能其他行星上有生命存在。據(jù)此選b項(xiàng)。9 .（2010 高考英語(yǔ)上海春季卷 ,33）tina was hesitation a

55、bout the job offer as she did not know the company was an established one.a. whetherb. whatc. until d. although【答案】a【解析】名詞性從句。語(yǔ)意：。fina對(duì)所提供的工作正在猶豫中，因?yàn)樗恢肋@家公司 是不是一家地位穩(wěn)固的公司。此處whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，作 know的賓語(yǔ)。10 .（2010 高考英語(yǔ)陜西卷，18）it never occurred to me you could succeed inpersuading him to change his mind.a. which b. what c. that d. if【答案】c【解析】考查固定句型。我從來(lái)沒(méi)有想到你能成功地說(shuō)服他改變主意。it occurs to sb that的意思為 某人突然想到 其中that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，it為形式主語(yǔ)，指代that從句的具體 內(nèi)容。11 .（2010 高考英語(yǔ)山東卷，25）before the sales start, i make a list of m