現(xiàn)在完成時講解

1、現(xiàn)在完成時講解一.基本結構：助動詞 have/has+過去分詞（done）二 句型：否定句：主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他.一般疑問句：have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他.簡略答語：yes,主語+ have/has.（肯定） no,主語 + havent/hasnt.（否定）三用法（ 1）現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果i have spent all of my money （so far）.（ 含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.）guo zijun has （just/already） come. （ 含義：郭子君現(xiàn)在在這兒 ）my father h

2、as gone to work.（ 含義是:我爸爸現(xiàn)在不在這兒） （2）現(xiàn)在完成時可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作（用行為動詞表示）或狀態(tài)（ be 動詞表示）常與 for （ + 時間段）,since（ + 時間點或過去時的句子）連用 .for+時段since+過去一個時間點（譯為：自從 以來） since+時段+agosince+從句（過去時）it has+時段+since+從句（過去時）mary has been ill for three days.i have lived here since 1998.四 has gone （to）,has been （to）, h

3、as been （in） 的區(qū)別have/has gone（to） : 去了 （現(xiàn)在不在說話現(xiàn)場）where is your father ？ he has gone to shanghai.have/has been （to） : 去過（已不在去過的地方）my father has been to shanghai.have/has been in：呆了多久（還在所呆的地方）my father has been in shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.五現(xiàn)在完成時的標志1. 現(xiàn)在完成時的含義之一是過去完成的動作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響, 用以

4、下四大標志詞可以表達這種含義:* 以 already, just 和 yet 為標志he has already got her help. 他已得到她的幫助。he has just seen the film. 他剛剛看過這場電影。he hasnt come back yet. 他還沒有回來。* 以 ever 和 never 為標志this is the best film i have ever seen. 這是我曾經(jīng)看過的最好的一部電影。he has never been to beijing. 他從沒有到過北京。* 以動作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標志he says he has been to t

5、he usa three times. 他說他已經(jīng)去過美國三次了。* 以 so far （到目前為止）為標+beforehe has got to beijing so far. 到目前為止他已到了北京。she has passed the exam so far. 到目前為止她已經(jīng)通過了考試。2.過去已經(jīng)開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 甚至有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去,我們可以從動作“延續(xù) ”的特性和 “時間 ”點段的區(qū)分入手 ,進一步學習現(xiàn)在完成時。*for+時段since+過去一個時間點（過去 從句）為標志注意：1）現(xiàn)在完成時不能單獨與過去的時間狀語連用，如yesterday, last week,

6、three years ago等；2）不能與when連用3）.現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用六.瞬間動詞（buy, die, join, come, go ,leave, join）不能直接與for/ since連用。要改變動詞buyhaveborrow keep come/arrive/reach/get tobe in go outbe out leave be awaybeginbe on finishbe over openbe open close be closeddiebe dead 1.have 代替 buy my brother has had（不能用 has

7、bought） this bike for almost four years. 2、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrow i have kept( 不能用 have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用 be 替代 become how long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用 have a cold 代替 catch a cold tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5 、用wear 代替 put on i have wor

8、n the skirt for two days .b)用“be形容詞”代終止性動詞1、 be+married 代 marry 2、 be+ ill 代 fall (get) ill 3、 be+dead代 die4、 be+asleep代 fall (get) asleep5、be+awake 代 wake/wake up6、be+ gone 代 lose,die,sell,leave 7、be+open 代 open8、 be closed 代 close/shut9、 be missing(gone,lost) 代 losec)用“be副詞”代終止性動詞1 be- on”代 start,

9、 begin 2 be+ up”代 get up 3 be back(to) 代 return to, come back to, go back to4 be here (there)r come(arrive, reach, get) here 或 go (arrive, reach, get) there 等等d)用“be介詞短語”代終止性動詞1. “be in/at 地點+”代替 go to /come to2.用 be in the army 代替 join the army 3. “be in/at 地點+”代替 move to常用瞬間動詞變延續(xù)性動詞表：2. have arriv

10、ed at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.fhave been in sw./at 相應的介詞3. have come/gone back/returnedf have been back4. have come/gone out vebean out5. have become f have been6. have closed / opened f have been close/open7. have got up f have been up8. have died f have been dead9. have lef

11、t sw. f have been away from sw.10. have fallen asleep/got to sleepf have been asleep11. have finished/ended/completed f have be en over12. have married f have been married13. have started/begun to do sth.f hay e done sth.14. have begun f have been on15. have borrowed/bought f have kept/had16. have l

12、ost f haven t had17. have put on-e worn18. have caught /get a coldf have had a cold19. have got to knowf have known20. have/has gone tof have been in21. have joined/have taken part in the league/the party/the armys member/the league member/the soldier3.you won the game.fhave been a member of/ have b

13、een in/have been the party現(xiàn)在完成時練習(一)a) 選用 have, has 填空 :1.1 told him the news. 2.she come back from school.b) 按要求改寫下列各句 :4. they have bought a computer.（改成否定句 ）5. he has lost his book. （先改成一般疑問句,再作肯定與否定回答 ）c） 單項選擇6. -where have you _, kate? -ive _ to the bank. a. gone, gone b. been, been c. gone, be

14、en d. been, gone7. her grandfather for two years. a. died b. has died c. has been dead d. has been died8. its six weeks i met you last.a. when b. since c. before d. for9. tom and jack have arrived at west hill farm already. a. have got b. have gone to c. have been to d. have reached 現(xiàn)在完成時練習（二）一、 單項選

15、擇。1、 both his parents look sad . maybe they whats happened to him . （呼和浩特）a. knew b . have known c . must know d .will know 2、he has been to shanghai , has he ? a . already b .never c .ever d . still3、have you met mr li ? a . just b . ago c .before d . a moment ago4、 the famous writer one new book i

16、n the past two years . a . is writing b .was writing c .wrote d .has written5、 our country a lot so far . yes . i hope it will be even .a. has changed ; well b . changed ; good c . has changed ; better d . changed ; better6 、 zhao lan already in this school for two years .a. was ; studying b . will

17、; study c . has ; studied d . are ; studying7、we xiao li since she was a little girl . a . know b . had known c . have known d . knew8、harry potter is a very nice film .i it twice . a . will see b . have seen c . saw d .see9、 these farmers have been to the united states . really ? when there ?a. wil

18、l they go b . did they go c . do they go d . have they gone10、 you _ your homework yet ? yes . i it a moment ago .a. did ; do ; finished b . have ; done ; finished c . have ; done ; have finished d . will ; do ; finish11、 his father the party since 1978 . a . joined b . has joined c . was in d . has

19、 been in12、 do you know him well ? sure .we friends since ten years ago .a. were b . have been c . have become d. have made13、how long have you here ?about two months . a . been b . gone c . come d . arrived14、 hurry up! the play for ten minutes .a. has begun b . had begun c . has been on d . began1

20、5、 it ten years since he left the army . a. is b . has c . will d . was16、 miss green isnt in the office . she to the library . a .has gone b . went c .will go d . has been17、 my parents shandong for ten years . a. have been in b . have been to c . have gone to d . have been18、 the students have cle

21、aned the classroom, ? a. so they b. don t they c. have they d. haven t they19、 has mr white been a member of greener china since he to china?a. how soon, comes b. how often, got c. how long, came d. how far, arrived20、 his unclefor more than 9 years.a. has come here b. has started to work c. has liv

22、ed there d. has left the university二、 句型轉換。1、 he has never played the guitar , ? （改成反意疑問句）2、 they have been here since 2000. （對劃線部分提問） they been here?3、 the old man last year. he for a year. （die） （動詞填空）4、 this factory opened twenty years ago.（ 同義句轉換 ） this factory for twenty years.5、 miss gao left

23、an hour ago. （ 同義句轉換） miss gao since an hour ago.6、 her mother has been a party member for three years . （同義句） her mother the party three years .7、 the green family moved to france two years ago. （ 同義句轉換 ） two years the green family moved to france.8、 the bus has arrived here. it arrived ten minutes

24、 ago. （ 把兩個句子合并成一個句子）the bus here since ten minutes ago.9、 have you ever （ read ） little women yet ?10.i ve just （ drink ） some tea .11. she has already （ see ） the film .1.1 i （ not tell ） them yet .13 .he has （ be ） to the space museum .14 .how long has his son ( own ) the train and railway set ?1

25、5 .he ( never be ) to the water park before .16 .i ( be ) back twice since moving to china .17.my sister ( ride ) a bike since she was ten years old .18.i ( keep ) this book for two weeks .七過去分詞1 、規(guī)則動詞 ：規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞的構成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動詞的過去式的構成規(guī)則相同。四點變化規(guī)則：(1)、一般動詞，在詞尾直接加“ ed 。”work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-vis

26、ited(2)、以“ e結尾的動詞，只在詞尾加“ d?！眑ive-lived-lived ,(3)、以 “輔音字母 + y ”結尾的動詞，將y 變?yōu)?i ，再加 “ ed 。study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried(4)、重讀閉音節(jié)結尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加個輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加ed 。 ”stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped2 、不規(guī)則動詞：aaa 型過去分詞lethitshut原型過去式過去分詞burstburstburstcostcostcostputputputsp

27、read spread spread原型 過去式hurthurtcutcutsetsetread /ri:d/read過去分詞原型hurtletcuthitsetshut/red/ read /red/過去式lethitshutaab 型 ( 原型過去分詞)過去式beataba 型 ( 原型beatbeatenbeen過去式過去分詞 ) am / is was been ; are werebecome became becomeabb 型 ( 原型run ran runcomecamecome過去式過去分詞 )bringbrought brought;buycatchcaughtcaught;digfindfoundfound;hearlaylaidlaid ;leadloselostlost ;makesaysaidsaid sellshoot shotshot ;sitspell speltspelt ;spendteach taught taught ; tellunderstandunderstoodunderstoodbought bought ;build built builtdugdug;feelfeltfelt;heard heard ;hold heldheld ;ledled;leaveleftleft ;made