英語句子成分主語謂語賓語表語定語狀語補語同位語講解

1、英語主謂賓表定狀補成分精簡講解一.主語：主語（subject）是一個句子的主題（theme）,是句子所述說的主體。它的位置一般在一句之首?？?用作主語的有單詞、短語、從句乃至句子。1 .名詞作主語。a tree has fallen across the road.（倒下橫在）little streams feed big rivers.（小河流入大江。）2 .代詞用作主語。youre not far wrong.（你差不多對了）。 一he told a joke but it fell flat.（他說了個笑話，但沒有引人發(fā)笑 ）3 .數(shù)詞用作主語。three is enough. 三個就夠

2、了。four from seven leaves three. 7 減 4 余 3。4 .名詞化的形容詞用作主語。the idle are forced to work.懶漢被迫勞動。old and young marched side by side. 老少并肩而行。5 .副詞用作主語。now is the time.現(xiàn)在是時候了。carefully does it.小心就行。6 .名詞化的介詞作主語。the ups and downs of life must be taken as they come.7 .不定式用作主語。to find your way can be a proble

3、m. 你能否找至1j路可能是個問題。_it would be nice to see him again.， =8 .動名詞用作主語。smoking is bad for you. watching a film is pleasure,but making one is hard work.9 .名詞化的過去分詞用作主語。the disabled are to receive more money. the deceased died of old age.10 .介詞短語用作主語。to beijing is not very far. from yenan to nanniwan was

4、a three -hour ride on horseback.11 .從句用作主語。whenever you are ready will be fine.because sally wants to leave doesnt mean that we have to.12 .句子用作主語。how do you do ? is a greeting.你好是一句問候語。二.謂語謂語(predicate)或謂語動詞(predicate verb)的位置一般在主語之后。謂語由簡單動詞或動詞短語(助動詞或情態(tài)動詞+主要動詞)構成。1 .由簡單的動詞構成。(1) . what happened?發(fā)生了

5、什么事？(2) . he worked hard all day today.他今天苦干了一天。(3) . the plane took off at ten oclock.飛機是十點起飛的。2 .由動詞短語構成的謂語。（1） .i am reading. 我在看書。（2） . whats been keeping you all this time?這半天你在干什么來著？1（3） . you can do it if you try hard. 你努力就可以做到。.英語常用某些動作名詞代替表動態(tài)的謂語動詞，表生動。3 have, get, take, give等。如： 這種動作名詞之前常用沒

6、有多大意義的動詞（1）. i had a swim yesterday.我昨天游了一次水 一你看看那個！（2）. take a look at that!（3）. he gave a sigh.他嘆了 口氣。我受到了很大的震動。（4）. i got a good shake-up=三.表語它位于聯(lián)系動它也可以說是一種主語補語。表語的功能是表述主語的特征、狀態(tài)、身份等。真正起謂在系表結構中，聯(lián)系動詞只是形式上的謂語，詞之后，與之構成所謂的系表結構。 語作用的則是表語?？梢宰鞅碚Z的詞有：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、動名詞、 分詞、介詞短語、從句等。（名詞） 1. the wedding

7、 was that sunday.婚禮是在那個星期天舉行的。（代詞）.so thats that.就是這樣。2_（數(shù)詞） we are seven.我們一共 7人。3你有空嗎？（形容詞） 4. are you busy?你在聽嗎？（電話用語）（副詞）5. are you there?（副詞）is anybody in?里面有人嗎？ 一（不定式） .all i could do was to wait. 我只能等待。was to hit him on the nose.（不定式）my answer to his threat （威脅）is lying. 恭維就是說謊。（動名詞）7. compli

8、menting （贊美，祝賀）is that asking so much? 這是要的高了嗎？（動名詞）我對此事感到很驚訝。（過分）.8i was so much surprised at it.我對他所做的很滿意。（過分） im very pleased with what he has done.她很健康。 （介詞短語） 9. she is in good health.（介詞短語）10 演出時間為 7 點至點。the show is from seven till ten.這就是你發(fā)怒的原因嗎？（從句）10. is that why you were angry?（從句） 11. thi

9、s is where i first met her. 這就是我初次與她會面的地方。補充：能做系動詞的實義動詞：表變化的動詞 ）come , go , run, turn ,get , become , keep , stay , make （ ） seem, appear （似乎, 好像 fell, sound ,smell , look , taste （感觀動詞）easy ,loose natural 等）comeour dream has come true.我的夢想實現(xiàn)了。 （后常加 1.keep fit.保重。2. he fell sick. 他病了。dry , silentcle

10、an , , cool well , warm , keep 作為系動詞還常接 quiet calm , short , loose , wild , cold 等）the well ran dry. 3 .這口井干枯了。. 4a thin person always seems to be taller than he really is.四.賓語object賓語（）在句中主要充當動作的承受者，因此一般皆置于及物動詞之后。如：我們的球隊打敗了所有其他球隊。our team beat all the others.可以用作賓語的有：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、副詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化

11、的分詞、從句等。do you fancy a drink? . 1你想喝一杯嗎？（名詞）- 22. they wont hurt us.他們不會傷害我們。（代詞）3. if you add 5 to 5, you get 10. 5 加 5 等于 10。（數(shù)詞）。_4. i shall do my possible. 我將盡力而為。（名詞化形容詞）5. he left there last week.他上個星期離開了那里。（副詞）6. does she really mean to leave home? 她真的要離開家嗎？（不定式）7. he never did the unexpected

12、（想不至4.the comrades wanted dr. bethune to take cover.（不定式用作賓語補語） 5.i call this robbing peter to pay paul.我把這個叫做拆東墻補西墻。（動名作賓補=6.dont take his kindness for granted.不要把他的友善看作是當然的事。六.定語定語是用來說明名詞（代詞）的品質與特征的詞或一組詞?？捎米鞫ㄕZ的有：形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、不定式、動名詞、分詞、介詞短語、從句和句子等。1.形容詞用作定語是大量的。 . she is a natural musician.（2）

13、. he must be the best violinist alive.（后置定語）2.名詞用作定語。（1） . a baby girl 女嬰(2) .the first plan, attacking at night, was turned down.(8).程度狀語。常由副詞、介詞短語及從句等表示。the lecture is very interesting. to what extent would you trust them? 程度(9).伴隨狀語，常由短語和獨立主格等表示。對位于句末和句首my train starts at six, arriving at chicago

14、 at ten.j的，意夕卜的 ）.（名詞化的分詞）8. do you understand what i mean? 你明白我的意思嗎？（從句）擴展：雙賓語問題賓語中有些動詞需要兩個同等的賓語，即直接賓語（direct object）與間接賓語（indirect object）直接賓語一般指動作的承受者，間接賓語指動作所向的或所為的人和物（多指人）。具有這種雙賓語的及物動詞叫做與格動詞（dative verb）。間接賓語一般須與直接賓語連用，通常放在直接賓語之前。常用的有： answer, bring, buy, do, find, get, give, hand, keep, leave,

15、 lend, make, offer, owe, pass, pay, play, promise, read, save, sell, send, show, sing, take 等。如：give me a cup of tea, please.i bought him a birthday present.i have found him a place. 我給他找到了一個職位。 雙賓語可以由介詞 to或for表達：please give it to him. mother cooks breakfast for us every day.=五.補語 補語（complement）是一種補

16、足主語和賓語的意義的句子成分。補足主語意義的句子成分叫做主語補語（subject complement），補足賓語意義的句子成分叫做賓語補語（ object complement）.（1） .形容詞用作主語補語是常置于主語之前，后有逗號。tired and sleepy, i went to bed.有時可以置于主語之后，前后都有逗號，與非限定性定語相似。如： the man, cruel beyond belief, didnt listen to their pleadings.（2） .可以用做賓語補語的有名詞、形容詞、不定式、動名詞、分詞、介詞短語等1 .they named the

17、child jimmy. 他們將孩子命名為吉米。（名詞用作并與補語）2 .my mother looks so young that you would think her my sister.（名詞短語作賓語 1 卜語）3 . he boiled the egg hard.她將雞蛋煮老了。（形容詞用作賓語補語）一(2) . well water 井水3.1 found the book very interesting.我發(fā)現(xiàn)那本書很有趣。（形容詞短語用作賓補）(3). sports car雙座輕型汽車2 .代詞作定語。(1) . your hair needs cutting.(物主代詞用

18、作定語)3(2) . everybody s business is nobodys business.(不定代詞所有格作定語)3 .數(shù)詞作定語(1) . theres only one way to do it. 做此事只有一法。 .do it now, you may not get a second chance.基數(shù)詞用作后置定語：page 24 , room 201 , the year 1949=4 .副詞充當定語時常后置，如：the room above 樓上的房間the world today 今日世界the way out 出路 a day off 休息日5 .不定式用作定語

19、(1) . her promise to write was forgotten. 她忘記了答應寫信的事。(2) . thats the way to do it.那正是做此事的方法。6 .動名詞用作定語.a walking stick 拐杖 sleeping pills 安眠藥eating implements 吃飯用具 learning method 學習方法7 .分詞充當定語a sleeping child 正在睡中的小孩a drinking man 嗜酒者_.a retired worker 個退休工人a faded flower 朵謝了 的花 8 .介詞短語用作定語。(1) . th

20、is is a map of china. 這是一幅中國地圖。 .the wild look in his eyes spoke plainer than words.9 .從句用作定語，即定語從句the car that s parked outside is mine. 停在外面的車是我的。your car, which i noticed outside, has been hit by another one.七.同位語當兩個指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置時，一個句子成分可被用來說明或解釋另一個句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位語( appositive).這兩個句子成分多由名詞(代詞)

21、擔任，同位語通 常皆放在其說明的名詞(代詞)之后。1 .名詞用作同位語是大量的。(1) . we have two children, a boy and a girl. .we, the chinese people, are determined to build china into a powerful country.2 .代詞用作同位語。(1) .they all wanted to see him. (2) .lets you and me go to work, oliver.3 .數(shù)詞用作同位語。(1) .are you two ready? ( 2) .they two w

22、ent, we three stayed behind.4 .不定式與動名詞用作同位語。(1) .their latest proposal, to concentrate on primary education, has met with some opposition.5 . of短語用作同位語the city of rome 羅馬城 the art of writing 寫作藝術 the vice of smoking 吸煙嗜好6 .從句用同位語，即同位語從句(1) .the news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.

23、 .we are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.狀語(adverbial)是修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞以及全句的句子成分。如：41 . the girl is improving remarkably.這個女孩大有進步。2 .作狀語的有副詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語、從句等。 副詞最常用作狀語，位置比較靈活，可置句末、句首和句中。he speaks the language badly but read it well.naturally we expect hotel guests to lock their doors.3 .按用途分時間、地點、方式、原因、結果、目的、條件、讓步、程度、方式、伴隨等 (1)。時間狀語，多位于句末和句首，有時亦可置于句中shall we do the shopping today