現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語1. 與表示 一段時(shí)間的狀語 連用，表示 動(dòng)作從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能持續(xù)下去如“ for 段時(shí)間（一定是從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在） ”，“ since 時(shí)間點(diǎn)” during the past three years， how long, lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years,these days, up to now, so far, today, this month 。（動(dòng)作持續(xù)發(fā)生在這段時(shí)間里） ，謂 語動(dòng)詞常為 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 。例如：We have lived in this city for

2、more than 40 years.我們在這個(gè)城市里已經(jīng)生活了 40 多年。We have lived in this city since 1958.我們從 1958 年起就住在這個(gè)城市里。 注意：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能與單純表示過去時(shí)間（點(diǎn)段）的狀語連用，如 for+ 段時(shí)間（在過去延續(xù)， 現(xiàn)在已不延續(xù)） ,yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago ,from 1999 to 2003 等。但是，（1）可用一般過去時(shí)表示過去時(shí)間（點(diǎn)段）（ 2）只要將它改為 since +時(shí)間點(diǎn) 就可以用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子里了，因?yàn)樗?/p>

3、已經(jīng)含有從 過去到現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間段的意義了。2. 與 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中的頻度副詞 （always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly, never以及短語 every+單數(shù)名詞，once/twice/three times a+單數(shù)名詞）連用，表示過去重復(fù) 發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（曾經(jīng)）或從過去到現(xiàn)在（可能繼續(xù)下去）的重復(fù)動(dòng)作，使用終止性動(dòng)詞 。例如：Six times he has tried and six times he has failed.He has usually finished all his homework before bed time.注意：這個(gè)用法與

4、重復(fù)動(dòng)詞無關(guān)。發(fā)生在過去，但3. 與籠統(tǒng)表示 時(shí)間過去或不確定的狀語連用 ，如 already（yet）， never， ever， just等。含有這類時(shí)間狀語的句子，其謂語動(dòng)詞表示句中的行為或瞬間動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在有影響 ，使用 終止性動(dòng)詞 。例如：Ive just found this library book.我剛剛找到這本圖書館的書。have found 這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，但影響到現(xiàn)在，即現(xiàn)在圖書館的書在我這兒。just 所表示的“剛才”是與現(xiàn)在有密切相關(guān)的過去時(shí)間。How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.

5、她唱得多美??！我從來沒聽到過比這更優(yōu)美的歌喉。never 表示廣義的過去，而且一直到目前才截止。4. 與表示 包含過去和現(xiàn)在的一整段時(shí)間的狀語連用 ，如 lately, recently, in thepast few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far, today, this month.（how long “ for 段時(shí)間（從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在） ”，“ since 時(shí)間點(diǎn)”雖表示過去和現(xiàn)在的一 整段時(shí)間，但不能這樣用 ）, 等表示 在段時(shí)間中包含著“點(diǎn)時(shí)間”或“小的段時(shí)間” ， 動(dòng)作在這段時(shí)間里有時(shí)發(fā)生有時(shí)不發(fā)生 ，

6、表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去對現(xiàn)在的影響， 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與終止性動(dòng)詞均可 。例如：How have you been recently（延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）你近來狀況如何The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years.（延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）那位著名的作家在過去的兩年里寫了一本新書。Have you seen her parents these days（終止性動(dòng)詞）這些天你看見她的父母了嗎The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far.（延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）迄今為止，布朗一家已經(jīng)參觀了中國

7、的許多地方。5. 動(dòng)作（點(diǎn)段）發(fā)生在過去時(shí)， 可以不使用任何時(shí)間狀語 ，直接使用“ have + pp. ”， 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去對現(xiàn)在的影響， 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與終止性動(dòng)詞均可 。例如： The car has arrived.終止性動(dòng)詞Someone has broken the window.終止性動(dòng)詞He has been ill.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞是個(gè)特例，有時(shí)可代換為at last（第三種用法）或 up tonow （第四種用法），例如:The rain has stopped now. (=at last)I have lived here for five years now. (=up t

8、o now)用法時(shí)間狀語動(dòng)詞的延續(xù)性例句備注表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過可以不使用任何時(shí)間狀語，直接延續(xù)性The car has arrived.終止性動(dòng)瞬間動(dòng)作（行為）與延續(xù)性動(dòng)作去對現(xiàn)在的影響使用“ have + pp. ”動(dòng)詞與終止性 動(dòng)詞均 可詞瞬間動(dòng)作Someone has broken the window.終止性動(dòng)詞瞬間動(dòng)作He has been ill.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)作均可與表示包含過去和現(xiàn)在的一整 段時(shí)間的狀語連用，如lately, recently,in the past fewyears, these few years, these days, up to now, so fa

9、r, today, this month.（how long“ for+段時(shí)間（從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在）”，“ since +時(shí)間點(diǎn)” 雖表示過去和現(xiàn)在的一整段時(shí) 間，但不能這樣用）延續(xù)性 動(dòng)詞與 終止性 動(dòng)詞均 可How have you been recently（延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）The famous writer has writtena new book in the past twoyears.（延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示“小 的段時(shí)間”）Have you seen her parents these days（終止性動(dòng)詞，表示“點(diǎn)時(shí)間”）The Browns have visited a lot of

10、 places in China so far.（延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示“小的段時(shí) 間”）在段時(shí)間中包含著“點(diǎn)時(shí)間”或“小的段時(shí)間”，動(dòng)作在這段時(shí)間 里有時(shí)發(fā)生有時(shí)不發(fā)生，表示動(dòng) 作發(fā)生在過去對現(xiàn)在的影響。注：只有在此用法中，除 yet, at last 等外，時(shí)間狀語應(yīng)放于 have/has 后, pp之前now有時(shí)可代換為at last 或 up to nownow=up to nowI have lived here for fiveyears now. （=up to now延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，小的段時(shí)間）now= at last終止性動(dòng)詞The rain has stopped now.（=at

11、last）表示瞬間動(dòng)作（行為）發(fā)生在過 去，但對現(xiàn)在有影響表示時(shí)間過去或不確定的狀語連用，女口already（yet）,never, ever, just等rve just found this library book.How beautifully she sings! Ihave never heard a better voice.注意：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，如現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能與單純表示過去“ for +段時(shí)間（一定是從過時(shí)間（點(diǎn)段）的狀語連用，如fo葉去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在）”，“ since +時(shí)延續(xù)性段時(shí)間（在過去延續(xù)，現(xiàn)在已不間點(diǎn)” during the p

12、ast threeWehave lived in this city for延續(xù)）yesterday, last week, in表示動(dòng)作從過去一years , how long, lately,動(dòng)詞與more than 40 years.2002, three days ago ,from 1999直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可recently,in the past few終止性We have lived in this cityto 2003等。但是，能持續(xù)下去years, these few years, these動(dòng)詞的since 1958.（1）可用一般過去時(shí)表示過去時(shí)否定式days, up to now, so far,間（點(diǎn)段）today, this month.（動(dòng)作持續(xù)（2）只要將它改為since +時(shí)間發(fā)生在這段時(shí)間里）點(diǎn)就可以用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（前提：延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）Six times he has tried and six一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中的頻度副詞過去重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)（always,usually,often,times he has failed.（過去重作（曾經(jīng)）或some