初三英語(yǔ)系列復(fù)習(xí)資料之單項(xiàng)填空的考點(diǎn)集匯講解和訓(xùn)練

1、初三系列復(fù)習(xí)資料之單項(xiàng)填空的考點(diǎn)集匯，講解和訓(xùn)練 十五、 單項(xiàng)填空及其解題方法【考點(diǎn)掃描】單項(xiàng)選擇題一向是各省市中考的必考題型。它的特點(diǎn)是考點(diǎn)多，覆蓋面廣，題量大。其主要考查點(diǎn)是：1. 考查基本語(yǔ)法;2. 考查同義詞、近義詞的辨析；3. 考查各種詞匯的慣用法和固定搭配；4. 考查掌握和運(yùn)用日常交際用語(yǔ)的能力。【名師解難】由于單項(xiàng)選擇題所考查的范圍較廣，所以要想做好此類題一要具備扎實(shí)的英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，二要緊扣語(yǔ)境，抓住關(guān)鍵詞。具體應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1. 復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)要弄清初中階段所出現(xiàn)的幾種主要時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法、結(jié)構(gòu)、與之連用的狀語(yǔ)及各自的特殊用法。重點(diǎn)要分清現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法。對(duì)賓語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)

2、從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、比較等級(jí)以及它們的用法規(guī)則都要一一弄清楚。還要注意固定搭配、習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)、動(dòng)詞辨析以及不同詞性的詞的用法。2. 在解題方面要突出語(yǔ)境，在語(yǔ)境中選語(yǔ)句和詞匯，防止?jié)h語(yǔ)思維的干擾。英語(yǔ)中一些關(guān)鍵詞的含義往往是由它所處的語(yǔ)義環(huán)境（即上下文）決定的，答題時(shí)如忽視了語(yǔ)境，就很容易答錯(cuò)題。3. 在解題時(shí)要注意句型結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)序。要掌握初中階段所出現(xiàn)的句型結(jié)構(gòu)，注意賓語(yǔ)從句、感嘆句的語(yǔ)序。4. 掌握習(xí)語(yǔ)和日常交際用語(yǔ)。應(yīng)掌握大綱詞匯、習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)。由于文化背景和風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣的不同，對(duì)于一些日常交際用語(yǔ)應(yīng)記牢。從近幾年來(lái)全國(guó)各地的中考試卷分析可以看出，單項(xiàng)選擇題的考點(diǎn)主要分布在：名詞、動(dòng)詞

3、、形容詞、副詞、代詞、冠詞、連詞、介詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)；詞義辨析、語(yǔ)序、各種不同的從句及交際用語(yǔ)上。在做單項(xiàng)選擇題時(shí)，同學(xué)們除應(yīng)具有較扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和善于思考外，掌握一些解題方法是很有必要的。由于單項(xiàng)選擇覆蓋面廣，其解題思路也多種多樣。下面我們舉例談?wù)勔恍┏Ｓ玫慕忸}方法。1. 直接法：即直接利用相關(guān)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，通過(guò)題干中的已供信息，捕捉到解題線索，從而得出正確答案的解題方法，例如：- Will you come to the net bars（網(wǎng)吧）with me?- Sorry. My mother always tells me _there. A. not go B. go C.

4、 not to go D. to go根據(jù)句意可知此題考查動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式，即tell sb. not to do sth.，故此題應(yīng)選C。2. 關(guān)鍵詞法許多題目中都有這樣一些詞，它們對(duì)于快速而準(zhǔn)確地判定答案起著至關(guān)重要的作用。我們稱這些詞為關(guān)鍵詞（key words）。找到句中的關(guān)鍵詞，也就找到了解題的突破口，例如：He hardly hurt himself in the accident, _?A. doesnt he B. didnt he C. did he D. does he該題中hardly與hurt是起關(guān)鍵詞作用的。凡陳述部分含有hardly, never, little

5、, few等否定意義的詞時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句用肯定形式；而hurt一詞的過(guò)去式與原形相同，此處hurt未加s，應(yīng)為過(guò)去式。因此本題答案C是正確的。- What did you see, Mary?- I saw a lot of trees on_of the lake. A. either side B. all sides C. both sides D. other side在平時(shí)練習(xí)中，我們接觸的多是下列表達(dá)：on both sides of the road / street / river。但本題中l(wèi)ake無(wú)兩邊之分，只能是“在四周”。所以正確答案是B。本題中l(wèi)ake一詞成為關(guān)鍵詞。3.

6、 類推法如果對(duì)題目的備選答案沒(méi)有十分把握或把握很小，不妨利用“如果A對(duì)，那么B也對(duì)”的類推法，從而可將A、B予以否定，例如：- Whos the man at the door?- _. A. He is a doctor B. He is a friend of mineC. He is a famous singer D. He is twenty仔細(xì)分析備選答案就可發(fā)現(xiàn)：A、C選項(xiàng)針對(duì)的是“職業(yè)”。若A是對(duì)的，那么C也會(huì)是對(duì)的。D回答的是年齡。故惟有B才是正確的。4. 前后照應(yīng)法此方法多用于兩個(gè)以上句子或?qū)υ捫问矫}的題目。解題前，透徹理解，然后聯(lián)系上下文，捕捉隱含信息，方能準(zhǔn)確找出答案

7、，例如：- He isnt a teacher, is he?- _. He works in a hospital. A. Yes, he is B. No, he isnt C. Yes, He isnt D. No, he is本題考查否定句的反意疑問(wèn)句的回答。由后半句的回答，我們知道“他”的身份不是教師；否定反意疑問(wèn)句回答中的Yes其實(shí)際含義為“不”，No的實(shí)際含義為“是”。因此應(yīng)選擇的是B。再如：- Its dangerous to play here. - All right. Lets go and find a _place. A. quiet B. safe C. brigh

8、t D. dark聯(lián)系上下文即可弄清語(yǔ)境：既然在這里玩危險(xiǎn)，那么就找個(gè)安全的地方。此題應(yīng)選B。5. 排除法根據(jù)題干提供的信息，先把一眼就看出的干擾項(xiàng)排除，縮小選擇范圍，然后將剩余的選項(xiàng)填入空白處進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)，辨別真?zhèn)?，例如：The girl asked the teacher _. A. what does the museum looks like B. what did the museum look likeC. what the museum looks like D. what the museum looked like本題主要考查賓語(yǔ)從句中的語(yǔ)序及時(shí)態(tài)的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。主句動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)，從

9、句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)是過(guò)去時(shí)的某種時(shí)態(tài)，故A、C被排除。而B中有詞序錯(cuò)誤，所以D為正確答案。6. 交際法此方法可用30個(gè)交際用語(yǔ)，聯(lián)系上下文直接解題，例如：- Would you like to have another cup of tea?- _. A. Yes, I do B. Not al all C. No, thanks D. Help yourself本題主要考查簡(jiǎn)答交際用語(yǔ)的應(yīng)答。對(duì)別人的邀請(qǐng)，如果表示不接受時(shí)，應(yīng)委婉說(shuō)出，不能斷然拒絕。因此，選C是最佳答案。以上六種方法，大家要在具備扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)條件下，靈活運(yùn)用。同時(shí)，我們還要提醒大家注意以下幾點(diǎn)：（1）不要受母語(yǔ)思維習(xí)慣的影響

10、。學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)常常會(huì)受母語(yǔ)習(xí)慣的影響。因此解題時(shí)也常會(huì)受母語(yǔ)思維模式的影響，例如：- _is the capital of America?- Washington. A. Where B. What C. In where D. In which漢語(yǔ)中?？蛇@樣發(fā)問(wèn)“美國(guó)的首都是哪兒?”所以有人會(huì)選A，但英語(yǔ)中where是副詞，表示地點(diǎn)。本句是問(wèn)美國(guó)首都是哪個(gè)城市，所以正確的選擇是B。再如：_its difficult to learn English well, _you should never drop it.A. Though; but B. Though; C. Because; so

11、D. Because; 漢語(yǔ)中有關(guān)聯(lián)詞“雖然但是”、“因?yàn)樗浴保谟⒄Z(yǔ)中though與but, because和so是不可搭配使用的。由題意可知只有B是正確答案。（2）防止定勢(shì)思維。有些固定搭配或習(xí)慣表達(dá)法大家掌握較牢靠，但也正是由于受到這些習(xí)慣表達(dá)的影響，犯一些思維定勢(shì)的錯(cuò)誤，例如：I wont come back _August 5 and 7.A. until B. both C. between D. for受notuntil這一固定搭配的影響，很多人會(huì)選A。但若仔細(xì)審題，則答案應(yīng)選C。因?yàn)椤盎貋?lái)”這一動(dòng)作不能同時(shí)發(fā)生在兩個(gè)不同的日期。再如：Canada is larger tha

12、n _country in Asia（亞洲）. A. any other B. other C. any D. all others“比較級(jí) + any other + 單數(shù)名詞”是一種典型的比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)。所以有人會(huì)選A。但Canada是美洲國(guó)家，和亞洲國(guó)家相比不存在與自身相比較的問(wèn)題。所以不可用other排除自身。正確的答案選C。（3）防止“魚目混珠”。有些詞由于詞性、詞義不同，它的用法也不同，應(yīng)注意辨別，例如：- Do you know if he _to play basketball with us?- I think he will come if he _free tomorrow.

13、 A. comes; is B. comes; will beC. will come; is D. will come; will he若不注意審題，很容易誤選A。但若仔細(xì)分析，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)前者if作“是否”解，而后者意為“如果”。二者分別引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句。英語(yǔ)中，只有在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)，在其他從句中無(wú)此用法。所以C是正確答案。再如：He made faces _the baby _crying. A. to make; stop B. make; stop C. make; to stop D. to make; to stop題中兩個(gè)make用法不

14、同。make faces意為“做鬼臉”，后接動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)；后一個(gè)make意為“使得”，是一個(gè)使役動(dòng)詞，其后接動(dòng)詞原形作賓補(bǔ)，即make sb. do sth. 所以此題應(yīng)選A?！局锌挤独?2004年陜西省中考試題)21. -Have you ever heard from your aunt since she went to Hong Kong?-Yes, Ive just got a letter from _.A. her B. hers C. she D. herself 【解析】答案：A。該題考查的是代詞用法。這個(gè)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)get a letter from sb.因

15、為from是個(gè)介詞，后面所跟代詞應(yīng)用人稱代詞的賓格her。22. Im reading now. Please tell him _ the TV a bit.A. turn up B. turn off C. to turn down D. to turn on【解析】答案：C。該題考查的是短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞辨析。題干所提供的語(yǔ)境是“我正在看書”，因此應(yīng)告訴他把電視擰小一些。所以應(yīng)選turn down。23. Im sure you know the difference _ “l(fā)ook for” and “find”.A. from B. for C. to D. between 【解析】答案：D。

16、該題考查的是介詞的用法。題干的意思是“我確信你知道look for和find兩者之間地區(qū)別?！皟烧咧g的”只能用between來(lái)表示。24. There _ a football match on TV this evening.A. will have B. is going to be C. has D. is going to have 【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是動(dòng)詞have和句型there be的區(qū)別。 A, C, D都是句型there be 和動(dòng)詞have的混合，都是錯(cuò)誤的。只有B一個(gè)選項(xiàng)正確。25. A talk on science _ in our school next

17、Monday.A. will give B. will be given C. has given D. has been given 【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是next Monday,所以動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，因此應(yīng)排除C和D。而主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，所以應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。只有選項(xiàng)B正確。26. Since China has been a member of WTO, English is _ useful than before.A. more B. most C. much D. very 【解析】答案：A。該題考查的是形容詞的比較級(jí)。在句末有than befor

18、e字樣，表明要用形容詞的比較級(jí)，而useful的比較級(jí)是more useful, 所以應(yīng)選more。27. It _ Yang Liwei about 21 hours _ the earth 14 times in his spaceship.A. spent, circling B. took, travellingC. spent, to travel D. took, to circle 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是動(dòng)詞的用法。本句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是It took sb. some time to do sth. 只有D能用在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中。28. The students are sorry

19、to hear that the famous singer _ for half an hour.A. has left B. has gone C. has been away D. has gone away 【解析】答案：C。該題考查的是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法。因?yàn)楸揪渲械臅r(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是for half an hour，表示的是一段時(shí)間，所以應(yīng)和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有has been away能表示延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作。29. I am waiting for my friend. _, I will go swimming alone.A. If he doesnt come B

20、. If he wont comeC. If he will come D. If he is coming 【解析】答案：A。該題考查的是在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句里的時(shí)態(tài)。在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句里，通常用一般現(xiàn)在是代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。30. -Could you tell me _?-Sorry, I dont know. I was not at the meeting.A. what does he say at the meeting B. what did he say at the meetingC. what he says at the meeting D. what he said at the

21、meeting 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是賓語(yǔ)從語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)。第一，賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用陳述句的語(yǔ)序；第二，表示“在會(huì)上所說(shuō)的話”應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)?！緷M分演練】單項(xiàng)天空1. Ann is so careful that she always goes over her exercises to _there are no mistakes.A. look for B. make sure C. find out D. think about2. - Which of the two English dictionaries will you buy?- Ill buy _ of them, so

22、I can give one to my friend, Hellen. A. either B. neither C. all D. both3. He _ two thousand trees since 1985.A. plants B. planted C. will plant D. has planted4. _ you free last night?A. Were B. Was C. Are D. Do5. - Dad, when will you be free? You agreed to go to the seaside with me four days ago.-

23、I am sorry, Jean. But I think I will have a _holiday soon.A. four-days B. four-day C. four days D. four day6. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper _Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.A. that B. how C. what D. if7. _comes from cows.A. Wool B. Chicken C. Pork D. Milk8. Which of the

24、following does paper burn in?A. CO2 B. N2 C. O2 D. He9. Today, the forests have almost gone. People must _down too many trees.A. stop to cut B. stop from cuttingC. be stopped to cut D. be stopped from cutting10. - You must come back every month.- Yes, I _. A. will B. must C. should D. can11. The doc

25、tor did what he could _that child.A. save B. to save C. saved D. saving12. - Can you guess if they _to play basketball with us?- I think theyll come if they _tree. A. come; are B. will come; will beC. will come; are D. come; will be13. I will tell you how to get to the place; youd better _it _.A. tr

26、y; on B. get; off C. take; down D. pick; up14. - Ann has gone to Shanghai.- So _her parents.A. do B. had C. did D. have15. - How long can I _these books?-Two weeks.A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. buy16. It takes us _hour or more to go to my hometown by _train. A. an; a B. a; an C. an; 不填 D. a; 不填17. Lu

27、cy tried her best to find a good job in the city, but she had no _.A. trouble B. idea C. luck D. time18. There are three _students in the school.A. thousands B. thousands of C. thousand of D. thousand19. I have to speak to my grandpa loudly because theres _with his ears.A. wrong something B. somethi

28、ng wrongC. anything wrong D. nothing wrong20.- Ive had enough bread. Would you like_?- No thanks. A. a few more B. one more C. another more D. some more21. Im old enough to wash _clothes by myself. You can just wash _.A. my, your B. mine, yours C. my, yours D. your, my22. The father wished the twins

29、 to be doctors, but _of them liked to study medicine.A. both B. neither C. either D. none23. Now Helen works _than before.A. more carefully B. more careful C. much careful D. much carefully24. We are doing much better _English _our teachers help.A. in, at B. at, in C. in, with D. with, with25. If yo

30、u like the chicken, you may have as_as you can.A. much B. many C. more D. little26. - Mum, Bill is coming to dinner this evening.- OK. Lets give him _to eat.A. something different B. different anythingC. anything different D. different something27. The letter is _in French. I cannot read it.A. writi

31、ng B. written C. wrote D. writes28. - Your spoken English is much better.- Thank you. My teacher often asks us _English as _as possible.A. to speak, many B. not to speak, much C. to speak, much D. not to speak, more29. Its getting dark. Please _the light.A. turn off B. turn on C. turn down D. turn u

32、p30. Martin is good at fishing, _?A. is he B. does he C. isnt he D. doesnt he31. - Do you know him well?- Sure. We _friends since ten years ago.A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made32. Cars and buses _stop when the traffic lights turn red.A. can B. need C. may D. must33. John fell asleep

33、_he was listening to the music.A. after B. before C. while D. as soon as34. - May I speak to John?- Sorry, he _Japan. But he _in two days.A. has been to, will come back B. has gone to, will be backC. has been in, would come back D. has gone to, wont cone back35. - Do you know _?- They moved here soo

34、n after their son was born.A. when would the Greens move here B. when the Greens moved hereC. the Greens would move here D. when the Greens would move here36. Your bedroom is very big, but _is rather small.A. she B. Jane C. her D. hers37. _book on the desk is_ useful one.AThe; an BA; a CThe; a DThe;

35、 /38. - When was our Party founded?- It was founded _.Aon October 1,1949 Bin May, 1922Con July 1,1921 Din August, 192739. This maths problem is_ and I can do it_ .Aeasy; easily Beasily; easily Ceasy; easy Deasily; easy40. - They are thirsty. Will you please give them_ ?- Certainly.Asome bottles of waters Bsome bottles of waterCsome bottle of water Dsome bottle of waters41. There is still a little orange here, but_ people want to drink it.Alittle Ba little Cfew Da few42. Mr. Yu gave some new words to Lucy and asked he