考點(diǎn)14 動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)-備戰(zhàn)2020年高考英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)一遍過(guò)

1、 考點(diǎn) 14 動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)高考頻度：【命題解讀】動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)是歷年高考的重點(diǎn)，也是高考的必考點(diǎn)。高考主要以語(yǔ)法填空、短文改錯(cuò)等形式對(duì)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)這一考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行考查，動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)在語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)中是必考點(diǎn)?！久}預(yù)測(cè)】預(yù)計(jì) 2020 年高考語(yǔ)態(tài)仍將是高考考查的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)所在，考查形式仍以語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)題型為主，很可能會(huì)與動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)及其他的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)結(jié)合起來(lái)進(jìn)行考查。【復(fù)習(xí)建議】1. 掌握被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本時(shí)態(tài)變化；2. 掌握被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式；3. 掌握不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況；4. 掌握主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的情況。知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)成12345過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)9含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的can/must/may

2、be asked被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否定式是在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加 not，短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)態(tài)不可漏掉其中介注意事項(xiàng) 副詞。固定結(jié)構(gòu) be going to, used to, have to, had better變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)態(tài)時(shí)，只需將其后的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)態(tài)。 如：1 trees should not be planted in summer.夏天不應(yīng)該種樹(shù)。這個(gè)男孩被他的同學(xué)取笑。漢語(yǔ)有一類(lèi)句子不出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)，在英語(yǔ)中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示。如：下面主動(dòng)形式常表示被動(dòng)意義：如：the window wants/needs/requires repairing.the door wont shut. / t

3、he play wont act.the dish tastes delicious. / water feels very cold.下面詞或短語(yǔ)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)態(tài)：the book is worth reading twice.the clothes washes well. / the book sells well.leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen,occur, belong to, take place, break o

4、ut, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on,lose heart 等等考向一 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本時(shí)態(tài)變化被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)通常為十種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由be過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成，be 隨時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式為：過(guò)去體一般will / shall be done would / should be done進(jìn)行完成have / has beendonewill / shall have would / should have beenbeen donedone被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式（1）帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被

5、動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be過(guò)去分詞。2 the baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.（2）有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一賓語(yǔ)仍然保留在謂語(yǔ)后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)的是間接賓語(yǔ)。his mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改為 he was given a present by his mother for his birthday.（3）當(dāng)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)，其余不動(dòng)。som

6、eone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改為 the boy was caught smoking a cigarette.（4）在使役動(dòng)詞 have, make, get 以及感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式 to 要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加 to。someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改為 a stranger was seen to walk into the building.（5）有些

7、相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組，如動(dòng)詞介詞，動(dòng)詞副詞等，也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，不能分開(kāi)。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。the meeting is to be put off till friday.1.（2019新課標(biāo) iii 卷語(yǔ)法填空）on the last day of our week-long stay，we _69_(invite)to attend a privateconcert on a beautiful farm on the north shore under the stars【答案】were invited。【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。由“on t

8、he last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。根據(jù)句意：我們被邀請(qǐng)去參加一場(chǎng)私人音樂(lè)會(huì)，所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)為we，故填 were invited。2.（2019江蘇卷單項(xiàng)填空）they are trying to make sure that 5g terminals_ by 2022 for the beijingwiner olympics.a. will installb. will have been installed c. are installedd. have been installed【答案】b【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意

9、：他們正努力確保在 2022 年北京冬奧會(huì)之前安裝 5g 終端。表示在將來(lái)某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成或一直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作，用將來(lái)完成時(shí)?！?g 終端”和“安裝”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故選 b。3 3. （2017天津卷單項(xiàng)填空） nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _ as one ofthe best all-round forms of exercise.a. regardb. is regardedc. are regardedd. regards【答案】b【解析】句意：現(xiàn)在騎自行車(chē)、慢跑和游泳被認(rèn)為是最全面的鍛煉方式之一。

10、根據(jù)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) regard.as(把看做)和句意確定應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除 a 和 d；由介詞短語(yǔ) along with 連接的三個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該就前一致，即用單數(shù)，排除 c。故選 b。4（. 2017新課標(biāo) i 卷語(yǔ)法填空）when fat and saltsomething.64(remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing【答案】are removed【解析】考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)脂肪和鹽分從食物中被去掉。分析可知 fat，salt 和 move 之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，脂肪和鹽分是兩種東西，且是被人們?nèi)サ?，所以用被?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填a

11、re removed。考向二 不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況：1.（1）所有的不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。（2）表示狀態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit 等。（3）表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞，如 have、own、belong to 等。（4）表示希望、意圖的動(dòng)詞，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate 等。（5）賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?？枷蛉?主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的情況：（1）系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)形式，但有些表示感受、感官的連系動(dòng)詞 feel，sound，taste，book，feel

12、等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。（2）當(dāng) cut，sell，read，write，fill，cook，lock，wash，drive，keep 等詞帶狀語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)；（3）當(dāng) break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out 等動(dòng)詞詞組表示發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定等意思時(shí)；（4）want，require，need 后面的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)含義。（5）be worth doing 用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。（6）在be + 形容詞 + to do中，不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)，用主動(dòng)代被動(dòng)。另外：be to blame(受譴責(zé))，be to ren

13、t（出租）也用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。4 1.（2019 年江蘇卷閱讀理解句子）it was beautiful. naomi said after listening to the recording. “the music wasworth _（save）.【答案】savingas time went on, einsteins theory _ to be correct.a. provedb. provesc. is proved【答案】 ad. was proved【解析】句意：隨著時(shí)間的推移，愛(ài)因斯坦的理論證明是正確的。prove證明是，這里用作連系動(dòng)詞，要用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義，故選 a。

14、【巧學(xué)妙記】主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)記憶口訣現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行同，have (has) been doing?，F(xiàn)、過(guò)進(jìn)行 be doing，被動(dòng) be 加 being done。情、助、有、是妥安排，一律隨新主語(yǔ)變。否定助后加 not，疑問(wèn)一助置主前。復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)賓變主，賓補(bǔ)、主補(bǔ)相應(yīng)變。注釋?zhuān)篵e 有人稱(chēng)、時(shí)、數(shù)變即 be 有人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)和單、復(fù)數(shù)的變化。情助是指情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞 must，may，can，shall，will 等一律隨新主語(yǔ)(多是主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ))來(lái)變化。疑問(wèn)一助置主前是說(shuō)有兩個(gè)助動(dòng)詞的話，應(yīng)把主語(yǔ)放在第一助動(dòng)詞之后或把第一助動(dòng)詞置于主語(yǔ)之前。5 題組一 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式完成下列句子1

15、. dont be nervous, and they will tell you where to sit.dont be nervous, and you _ _ _ where to sit by them.2. people refers to california as the golden state.california _ _ _ as the golden state by people.3. in order to stop the air pollution, the government have taken a lot of measures.a lot of mea

16、sures _ _ _ by the government in order to stop the airpollution.4. we are discussing how to spend the summer holidays now.how to spend the summer holidays _ _ _ now.5. miss li can make her class lively and interesting, so her students respect her.miss li can make her class lively and interesting, so

17、 she _ _ by her students.6. two whales have _ _ (wash) up on the beach.7. tom was caught smoking in school, and he _ _ (punish) for it.8. if you leave the club, you _ _ _ _ (not allow) back in.題組二 能力提升i單項(xiàng)填空1.i got caught in the rain on my way home and my new suit_.a. has ruinedb. had ruinedc. had be

18、en ruinedd. has been ruined2.now all the employees except the manager _ to work online at home.a. encouragesb. encouragec.is encouragedd. are encouraged3.he _ everywhere for materials and finally his efforts paid off. the medicine _ to be veryeffective.a. looked; was provedc. sought; has proved4.wha

19、ts that noise?b. explored; was provedd. hunted; was proving6 oh, i forget to tell you. the new machine_.a.is testingb. was being testedd. has been testedc.is being tested5.the plan for xiongan new area _ officially on april 1,2017.a. announcedc. announcesb. was announcedd.is announced6.ann _ a certi

20、ficate at the end of the program to show she has learned computer skills.a. will givec. gaveb. will be givend. was given7.martin luther king demanded that people of all races _.a. were equally treatedc.be equally treatedb. should treat equallyd. are giving equal rights8.different types of teas _ by

21、skilled tea-tasters before appearing in the tea trade centre.a. are tastedc. tastedb. were tastedd. have tasted9.do you think he can win the prize for the race?impossible now. he _ to do so, but he has just had his right leg hurt.a. has expectedc. would expectb.is expectedd. was expected10.today, th

22、e forests have almost gone. people must _down too many trees.a. stop to cutc.be stopped to cutii語(yǔ)法填空b. stop from cuttingd.be stopped from cutting閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1 個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。china has once again proved its _1_ (able) to change the world withthe“new four great inventions”：high-speed railways，

23、electronic payments，shared bicycles and online shoppingtheyre related to chinas high-tech innovation(創(chuàng)新)，_2_ has improved the quality of peoples lives，according to a survey _3_ (make) by the belt and road research institute of beijing foreign studiesuniversity“my wallet is no longer in usei can buy

24、and eat whatever i want simply with a fingertip on my phone，”said7 _4_ university student，adding that “even pancake sellers are using mobile payment”the bikes _5_ (them)are not new，but the operating model of bike-sharing _6_(base) on satellitenavigation system，mobile payment，big data and other high

25、technologieschina has entered a new innovative era，thanks to the large amounts of capital china has invested in _7_(encourage)innovation，said bernhard schwartlander，who representative in china_8_ is increasingly clear that china is innovating and no longer copying western ideasthis is _9_(especial)t

26、rue in mobile，where china is leading in many ways such associal messaging app wecha，tshe saidthisis partly because china skipped over the pc era and went directly to mobilechina has the _10_(1arge)mobile use in the world題組三 體驗(yàn)真題1 .（2019天津卷單項(xiàng)填空）amy, as well as her brothers, _ a warm welcome when retu

27、rning to thevillage last week.a. is givenb. are givenc. was givend. were given2.（2018江蘇卷單項(xiàng)填空） i was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _in the past two years.a. had been carried outc. is being carried outb. would be carried outd. has been carried out3. （2017新課標(biāo) ii 卷語(yǔ)法填空）s

28、team engines _65_(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been（fairly）(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.4. （2017新課標(biāo) iii 卷語(yǔ)法填空）sarah63 (tell) that she could be britains new supermodel earning amillion dollars in the next year.5.（2016北京卷單項(xiàng)填空） the students have been

29、working hard on their lessons and their efforts_ with success in the end.a. rewardedb. were rewardedc. will rewardd. will be rewarded6.（2016江蘇卷單項(xiàng)填空）more efforts, as reported, _ in the years ahead to accelerate the8 supply-side structural reform.a.are madeb.will be madec.are being maded.have been mad

30、e7.（2016全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷 i語(yǔ)法填空）so it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit pandabase, where ticket money helps pay for research, i600-acre centre.62 （allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the8.（2016上海卷語(yǔ)法填空）in recent years, stress (33) _ (regard) as a cause of a whole range

31、ofmedical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness.9.（2016四川卷語(yǔ)法填空）the giant panda 41 (love) by people throughout the world.10. （2017北京卷單項(xiàng)填空）in the 1950s in the usa, most families had just one phone at home, and wirelessphones _ yet.a. havent inventedc. hadnt inventedb. havent been invent

32、edd. hadnt been invented題組一 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式完成下列句子9 1.will be told2.is referred to3.have been taken6.been washed4.is being discussed7.was punished5.is respected8.will not be allowed題組二 能力提升i單項(xiàng)填空1.d【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我在回家的路上淋了雨，新衣服被毀了。my suit 與 ruin 的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；從題意可知，我的衣服是過(guò)去弄濕了，現(xiàn)在還是濕的，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)；主語(yǔ)my new sui

33、t是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。故選 d。2.d【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：目前，除了經(jīng)理外，所有的員工都被鼓勵(lì)可以在家里在網(wǎng)上工作。主語(yǔ)是 all the employees，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)；與 encourage 之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故選 d。3.c【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析；時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：他到處尋找材料，最后他的努力得到了回報(bào)。這種藥被證明是非常有效的。look 是不及物動(dòng)詞，“看”的也是；explore 探索；探測(cè)；hunt 打獵；搜索。prove 在此是系動(dòng)詞，“證明是；發(fā)現(xiàn)為”的意思，不用于被動(dòng)，后面跟形容詞或 to be結(jié)構(gòu)。故選 c。4.c【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：這個(gè)噪音是什么？我忘記告訴你了

34、。新的洗衣機(jī)正在被檢測(cè)。根據(jù)問(wèn)句“whats that noise?”可知，新的機(jī)器正在被檢測(cè)。所以，本句要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故選c。5.b【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)是 the plan for xiongan new area，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 announce 之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是 2017 年 4 月 1 號(hào)，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。6.b【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目結(jié)束的時(shí)候，將會(huì)給ann 一個(gè)證書(shū)以表明她已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了計(jì)算機(jī)技能。由句意可知，ann 和 give 之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且“給她證書(shū)”是這個(gè)項(xiàng)目結(jié)束時(shí)才會(huì)發(fā)生的事，故要用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。故 b 選項(xiàng)正確。7.c1

35、0 【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：馬丁路德金要求所有種族的人被平等對(duì)待。demand 后面的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)用should do，should 可以省略，而且people of all races 和 treat 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選c。8.a【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：在出現(xiàn)在茶葉交易中心之前，不同類(lèi)型的茶葉被品茶師品嘗。teas 和 taste是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，而且這句話表示客觀事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故選a。9.d【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：你認(rèn)為他能在跑步比賽中獲獎(jiǎng)嗎？現(xiàn)在幾乎不可能了，他曾有希望獲獎(jiǎng)，但是他剛剛弄傷了右腿。he 與 expect 之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，而且這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在

36、過(guò)去，應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故 d 項(xiàng)正確。10.d【解析】考查動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)和動(dòng)詞的用法。stop sb. from doing sth.是固定用法，意為“阻止某人做某事”；又因主語(yǔ) people 和 stop 之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以此處應(yīng)選 d。ii語(yǔ)法填空【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文主要講了中國(guó)正用“新的四大發(fā)明”來(lái)改變世界。1. ability【解析】考查名詞。作 proved 的賓語(yǔ)，用名詞，所以填 ability。2. which【解析】考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。_2_ has improved the quality of peoples lives，作定語(yǔ)，修飾 chinash

37、igh-tech innovation(創(chuàng)新)，且有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，所以_2_ has improved the quality of peoples lives，是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指物，所以用which。3. made【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。make 與其邏輯主語(yǔ) a survey之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，填 made。4. a【解析】考查冠詞。泛指“一位大學(xué)生”，且 university的首字母發(fā)音是輔音，所以填不定冠詞 a。5. themselves【解析】考查反身代詞。句意：自行車(chē)它們本身不是新的。表示“它們本身”，所以填 themselves。6. is based【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。表示主語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且the operating model of bike-sharing與base on 之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以填is based。11 7. encouraging【解析】考查固定用法。介詞 in 之后用 v-ing 形式做賓語(yǔ)，所以填 encouraging。8. it【解析】考查形式主語(yǔ)。that china is innovating and no longer copying western