高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解(社會(huì)文化)基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)題及解析

1、高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解 ( 社會(huì)文化 ) 基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)題及解析一、高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解社會(huì)文化類1閱讀理解theaters of the pastthe greek theatertheaters developed in many parts of greece. ancient greek theaters were built in natural open air sites on conveniently shaped hills. this allowed a great mass of people to enjoy a show at a time. due to this, actors

2、placed emphasis on exaggerated (夸張的 ) action and speech. and, colorful symbolic masks and costumes were used.the medieval theaterthe medieval theater started in churches. thats why medieval plays were about bible stories. at first, it became a custom for priests ( 牧師 ) to act out brief scenes during

3、 christmas and easter. these acts attracted large crowds. finally the church refused to allow priests to participate in any such events again, so ordinary people began these performances outside. performances were set in the town square, with several stage settings around it.the elizabethan theatert

4、he englands theater developed rapidly in the years following the defeat of the spanish navy. the dominant feature of elizabethan theater was the stage. it has three parts: the fore stage for outside scenes; the inner stage for scenes inside a building; an upper stage or balcony for various purposes.

5、 the reason for this design is that there were no scene changes, or breaks during the play. very little scenery was used, so the actors had to create a scene through their voices and dialogues. this led to a more poetic script, and poets became the main source of script writing.the restoration theat

6、ersome of the plays told sad stories, but the majority of the plays were really funny. many specialized machines were used to create the scene. the stage was a very clever idea , in that on the sides of the stage large back shutters ( 百葉窗 ) were painted with the scene.（ 1） why were ancient greek the

7、aters built on hills? a.to hold a large audience.b.to build a big and strong stage. c.to have a better sound effect.d.to emphasize exaggerated performances.（ 2） in which theater could actors voices and speech help create scenes?（ 3） what is special about the restoration theater?a.colorful masks were

8、 used.b.the stage was smartly designed.c.most of its plays were sorrowful.d.ordinary people were the performers.【答案】 （ 1） a（ 2） c（ 3） b【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了四個(gè)古代的劇院。（ 1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù) the greek theater 部分中的 “ ancient greek theaters were built in natural open air sites on conveniently shaped hills. this al

9、lowed a great mass of people to enjoy ashow at a time. 古”希臘的劇院建在自然開闊的地方，建在形狀方便的山上。這使得一大群人可以一次欣賞一場(chǎng)演出，可知，希臘劇院建在山上是為了讓更多的觀眾可以一起欣賞演出。故選a。（ 2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù) the elizabethan theater 部分中的 “ very little scenery was used, sothe actors had to create a scenethrough their voices and dialogues.布景用得很”少，所以演員們不得不通過(guò)他們的聲音

10、和對(duì)話來(lái)創(chuàng)造一個(gè)場(chǎng)景，可知，在the elizabethan theater, 演員的聲音和言語(yǔ)能幫助創(chuàng)造場(chǎng)景。故選c。（ 3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù) the restoration theater 部分中的 “ thestage was a very cleveridea , in that on the sides of the stage large back shutters (百葉窗 ) were painted with the scene.”舞 臺(tái)是 一個(gè) 非常聰明的想 法， 因?yàn)?舞臺(tái)兩 側(cè)的大背板 上都 畫著場(chǎng) 景 ) 可知 ，在therestoration theater舞臺(tái)設(shè)

11、計(jì)非常巧妙。故選b。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。2閱讀理解the final results of best-ever teen fiction vote are in. while its no surprise to see harry potter and the hunger games series on top, this years list also highlights some writers we werent as familiar with. for ex

12、ample, john green, author of the fault in our stars, appears five times in the top 100.summer, like youth, passes quickly. but the books we read when were young can stay with us for a lifetime. the following are the top 4 on the list. enjoy. harry potter seriesthe harry potter books make up the popu

13、lar series written by j. k. rowing. the series includes seven books. the books concern a wizard ( 魔法師 ) called harry potter and his journey through hogwarts school of witchcraft and wizardry. the stories tell of him over coming dangerous obstacles to defeat the dark wizard lord voldemort who killed

14、his parents when harry was 15 months old. the hunger games seriesin the ruins of a future north america, a young girl is picked to leave her poor district and travel to capitol for a battle to the death in the cruel hunger games. but for katniss everdeen, the main character in this series by suzanne

15、 collins, winning the games only puts her deeper in danger as the strict social order of panem begins to unravel ( 瓦解 ). to kill a mockingbirdauthor harper lee explores racial tensions in the fictional tired old town of maycomb, ala. , through the eyes of 6-year-old scout finch. as her lawyer father

16、, atticus, defends a black man accused of a crime, scout and her friends learn about the unjust treatment of african-americans and their mysterious neighbor, boo radley. the fault in our starshazel grace, a teenage girl, has got all sorts of cancer inside her body, and her lungs arent working very w

17、ell. she knows she is dying and doesnt live in hope any more. when a man named augustus waters suddenly appears at the cancer kid support group, hazels story is about to be completely rewritten.（ 1） what do we know about john green?a. one of his novels tops the list.b. many of his novels are very po

18、pular.c. he is the favorite writer of many teens.d. he was a well-known writer long before the vote.（2） who is the author ofthe hunger games series?a. harper lee.b. john green.c. j. k. rowling.d. suzanne collins.（ 3） what is to kill a mockingbird mainly about?a. lifelong friendships.b. racial discri

19、mination.c. a man working as a lawyer.d. a little girls difficult childhood.（ 4） hazel in the fault in our stars _.a. is very optimisticb. writes a great storyc. makes many mistakesd. is changed by augustus.（ 5） in which part of a newspaper can we find the text probably?a. sports.b. news.c. literatu

20、re.d. entertainment.【答案】 （ 1） b（ 2） d（ 3） b（ 4） d（ 5） c【解析】 【分析】 短文大意：本文介紹了最受青少年喜愛的四部小說(shuō)。（ 1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段this years list also highlights some writers we werent asfamiliar with. for example, john green, author ofthe fault in our stars, appears five times in thetop 100. 可知，本年度的名單中出現(xiàn)了一些我們不是很熟悉的作家，比如john

21、green，在前100 里出現(xiàn)了五次，可知，其小說(shuō)很受歡迎，故選b。（ 2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段but for katniss everdeen, the main character in this series by（ 3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)本部分author harper lee explores racial tensions in the fictionaltired old town of maycomb可知，殺死一只知更鳥，探討種族歧視問(wèn)題，故選b。（ 4）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段 when a man named augustus waters suddenly appears

22、 at the cancer kid support group, hazels story is about to be completely rewritten. 可知，當(dāng)augustus waters出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候，hazel 的人生發(fā)生了改變，故選d。（ 5）推理判斷題題。本文主要介紹四部受青少年喜愛的小說(shuō)，故與文學(xué)有關(guān)，故選【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及細(xì)節(jié)題、推斷題兩種?？碱}型，細(xì)節(jié)題要注意從文中尋找答案；推斷題需要聯(lián)系上下文，推斷出需要的信息。c。3閱讀理解beijing/saopaulo-chinese traditions like cockfighting like-flyin

23、g and fireworks have been quite common in brazil for many years.despite the thousands of kilometers between them, chinas historical and artistic mark on brazil has existed for about 300 years, said brazilian sinologist (漢學(xué)家 ) jose roberto teixeira leite in his book china in brazil. influences from c

24、hina can date from the colonial period, evenup to the time after after brazils independence. the commercial relationship between the two countries has existed for a long time, he noted, adding that incoming ships would fill up brazilian cities like salvador, rio de janeiro and recife with chinese pr

25、oducts like porcelain ( 瓷器 ), silk and fans he also found chinese influence not only in the arts and architecture of brazil but also in the most diverse areas of brazilian society, like the economy, medicine and popular culture. at the end of the 19th century, in pernambuco, (a state in northeastern

26、 brazil), there was a custom that children slept with clothes decorated with chinese dragons. teixeira added.the book took him about 15 years to finish. the impact of the book surprised me, though itwas published by a university publisher and it had a print run of just 1,000 copies, he said. some ha

27、ve said that the book represents a turning point in chinese studies in brazil.besides, the sinologist did research on the mark and presence of china in the architecture and arts of brazil. it was through art that china awoke in me, first, curiosity, after that, interest, and finally, passion, teixei

28、ra said.in 1992, the sinologist visited macao to do research for his doctoral thesis about the marks and presence of china in brazil, and that trip impressed him a lot. in 2013, teixeira had a chance to visit the chinese cities of beijing, shenzhen and shanghai, and got to know the past and present

29、of the great country culturally, as well as its incredible material development.（ 1） what does the underlined sentence imply?（ 2） what marks a new stage of chinese studies for brazilian?（ 3） what fired the sinologists passion for chinese studies?a.chinese art.b.chinese customs.c.the history of china

30、.d.chinas development.（ 4） what is the best title for this passage?a.the impression of china on sinologist.b.china and brazil in eyes of sinologistc.an introduction to sinologists new bookd.the future of china-brazil trade relations【答案】 （ 1） d（2） c（3） a（4） b【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了巴西漢學(xué)家jose roberto tei

31、xeira leite 眼中的中國(guó)和巴西。（ 1）考查句義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第二段中的“ influences fromchina can date from the colonialperiod, even up to the time after after brazils independence.可知中國(guó)的影響可以”追溯到殖民地時(shí)代，甚至到巴西獨(dú)立之后。從畫線句所在的句子“atthe end of the 19th century, inpernambuco,（ a state in northeasternbrazil） , therewas a custom that children s

32、lept withclothes decorated with chinese dragons可知 19 世紀(jì)末，在巴西東北部的一個(gè)州，伯南布哥，有一個(gè)習(xí)俗，孩子們睡在裝飾有中國(guó)龍的衣服上。因此，劃線句子顯示的是中國(guó)對(duì)巴西社會(huì)各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的影響。故選d。（ 2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的 theimpact of the book surprised me, though it waspublished by a university publisherand it had a print run of just 1,000 copies,have said that the book repr

33、esents a turning point in chinese studies in brazil.可知這本書的影響令我吃驚，盡管它是由一家大學(xué)出版社出版的，印刷量只有1000 冊(cè)。有人說(shuō)這本書代表he said. som了巴西中國(guó)研究的一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。因此，這本書標(biāo)志著巴西人的漢語(yǔ)研究進(jìn)入了一個(gè)新的階段。故選c。（ 3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的 it was through art that china awoke in me, first, curiosity, after that, interest, and finally, passion, teixeirasaid. 可”

34、知正是通過(guò)藝術(shù)，中國(guó)在我心中覺醒，首先是好奇心，然后是興趣，最后是激情，特謝拉說(shuō)。因此，是藝術(shù)激發(fā)了這位漢學(xué)家對(duì)中國(guó)研究的熱情。故選a。（ 4）考查主旨大意?？v觀全文可知，巴西漢學(xué)家jose roberto teixeira leite 從藝術(shù)，商業(yè)，經(jīng)濟(jì)，醫(yī)學(xué)，文化，建筑等方面介紹了中國(guó)對(duì)巴西的影響。所以短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“漢學(xué)家眼中的中國(guó)和巴西”。故選 b?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，句義猜測(cè)和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4閱讀短文，從短文后每題所給的a、 b、 c 和

35、d 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。over the years, cheerleading has taken two primary forms: game-time cheerleading and competitive cheerleading. game-time cheerleaders main goal is to entertain the crowd and leadthem with team cheers, which should not be considered a sport. however, competitive cheerleading is more th

36、an a form of entertainment. it is really a competitive sport.competitive cheerleading includes lots of physical activity. the majority of the teams require a certain level of tumbling (翻騰 ) ability. its a very common thing for gymnasts, so its easy for them to go into competitive cheerleading. usual

37、ly these cheerleaders integrate lots of their gymnastics experience including their jumps, tumbling, and overall energy. they also perform lifts and throws. this is where the fliers are thrown in the air, held by bases in different positions that require strength and working with other teammates.com

38、petitive cheerleading is also an activity that is governed by rules under which a winner can be declared. it is awarded points for technique, creativity and sharpness. usually the more difficult the action is, the better the score is. thats why cheerleaders are trying to experience great difficulty

39、in their performance.besides, there is also a strict rule of time. the whole performance has to be completed in less than three minutes and fifteen seconds, during which the cheerleaders are required to stay within a certain area. any performance beyond the limit of time is invalid.another reason fo

40、r the fact that competitive cheerleading is one of the hardest sports is that ithas more reported injuries. according to some research, competitive cheerleading is the numberone cause of serious sports injuries to women. emergency room visits for it are five times thenumber than for any other sport,

41、 partially because cheerleaders dont use protective equipment.smiling cheerleaders are thrown into the air and move down into the arms of the teammates,which may easily cause injuries. generally, these injuries affect all areas of the body, includingwrists, shoulders, ankles, head, and neck.there ca

42、n be no doubt that competitive cheerleading is a sport with professional skills. hopefully, it will appear in the olympics since cheerleaders are just as athletic and physically fit as those involved in the more accepted sports. it should be noted that it is a team sport and eventhe smallest mistake

43、 made by one teammate can bring the score of the entire team down. so without working together to achieve the goal, first place is out of reach.（ 1） what is the main purpose of competitive cheerleading?a. to compare skills of participants.b. to make the audience feel amused.c. to attract more people

44、 to watch events.d. to cheer up the competitors on the court.（ 2） the underlined word integrate in paragraph 2 probably means _.a. examineb. combinec. identifyd. replace（ 3） we can learn from the passage that competitive cheerleading _.（ 4） which of the following shows the structure of the passage?i

45、: introductionp: pointsp: sub-point ( 次要點(diǎn) )c: conclusiona.b.c.d.【答案】 （ 1） a（ 2） b（ 3） d（ 4） c【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了競(jìng)技啦啦隊(duì)不同于普通的啦啦隊(duì)，它是一項(xiàng)具有專業(yè)技能的運(yùn)動(dòng)，有自己的規(guī)則，融入了一些體操的技能。隊(duì)員必須有團(tuán)隊(duì)精神，隊(duì)員的受傷率很高。（ 1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“ competitive cheerleading is morethana formofentertainment.it is really a competitivesport. 和 competi

46、tivecheerleadingincludes lotsofphysical activity. 及最”后一段中的“ therecan be no doubt that competitivecheerleading is asport with professional skills. 競(jìng)技啦啦隊(duì)”是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的運(yùn)動(dòng)，是一項(xiàng)具有專業(yè)技能的運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選 a。（ 2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第二段中的“ including their jumps, tumbling, and overall energy.通常這些競(jìng)技啦啦隊(duì)長(zhǎng)會(huì)將他們的體操經(jīng)驗(yàn)融入其中，包括跳躍、翻滾和總能量。integrate”指整合，

47、結(jié)合，融入與combine同義，故選b。（ 3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“ another reason forthe factthatcompetitivecheerleading is one of the hardest sports is that it has more reported injuries.及 “ generally, theseinjuries affect all areas of the body, including wrists, shoulders, ankles, head, and neck.可知，競(jìng)”技啦啦隊(duì)很容易造成隊(duì)員受傷，會(huì)造成身體多個(gè)

48、部位的傷害。故選d。（ 4）考查文章結(jié)構(gòu)。第一段是總體介紹競(jìng)技啦啦隊(duì)，第二段介紹其包括內(nèi)容和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，第三、四段介紹其難度很高，第五段介紹競(jìng)技啦啦隊(duì)受傷率很高。最后一段得出結(jié)論競(jìng)技啦啦隊(duì)是一項(xiàng)專業(yè)技能的運(yùn)動(dòng)。屬于總分總結(jié)構(gòu)，故選c?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和文章結(jié)構(gòu)三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行推理，歸納，從而選出正確答案。5閱讀理解after shopping for deals in stores on black friday, or online on cyber monday, americans and peopl

49、e worldwide are preparing for newly popular giving tuesday. starting in 2012, now the global event that is celebrated annually on the tuesday after thanksgiving is the brainchild of 92nd street y, a cultural center in new york city and united nations foundation.as the name indicates, giving tuesday

50、is meant to restart the charitable season and therefore observed by raising funds for local nonprofits and schools, organizing food and clothing drives,and conducting random acts of kindness. in 2015, 700, 000 people from 71 countries came together to donate $116.7 million in cash. an additional $1.

51、08 million was spent on gifts.while the easiest way to participate is by donating to your favorite charity, this day can be celebrated in many other ways too. you can give back by volunteering at your local shelter or food bank, or even by donating blood. if all else fails, a purchase from the growi

52、ng number of organizations that give a portion of their sales to charity will do the trick.but perhaps the best way to celebrate the day is by helping those nearest and dearest to you. assist a family member with a simple chore like folding laundry, cooking dinner, or even reading to a younger sibli

53、ng. no matter what you do, be sure to share you good deed on social media and inspire others to celebrate giving tuesday as well!（ 1） which of the following has the shortest history?a. black fridayb. giving tuesdayc. thanksgiving dayd. cyber monday（ 2） whats the main purpose of giving tuesday?a. to

54、make thanksgiving day enjoyableb. to get voluntary work better knownc. to encourage more people to do charitiesd. to persuade more people to shop online（ 3） why does the author advise sharing good deeds on social media?a. to keep a record of ones experienceb. to help people make new friendsc. to don

55、ate money to local schoolsd. to make giving tuesday more popular（ 4） which section of a website does the next probably come from?a. educationb. culturec. lifestyled. business【答案】 （ 1） b（2） c（3） d（4） b【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了giving tuesday （給予星期二）。（ 1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“ after shopping for deals in stores ononline on cybermondayam