定語從句解析與練習(xí)

1、英語期末復(fù)習(xí)定語從句.口.冋1. 定語從句在復(fù)合句中作定語，用修飾句子中某一名詞、代詞或整個主句的從句叫定語從句。2. 定語從句的位置：放在被修飾的名詞或代詞的后面。女口： The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle.（手上抓了一把雨傘的人是我的叔叔。）3. 定語從句的相關(guān)名稱：被修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的連接詞稱為關(guān)系.定語從句的種類：限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句This is the thief （that/who/whom） 先行詞關(guān)系詞4.定語從句關(guān)系詞的作用：1.起著連接先行詞和從句的作用分，3.替代先行

2、詞。.She is the girl who sings best of all.（關(guān)系代詞 who 在從句中作主語）1、限制性定語從句：從句與主句關(guān)系密切，從句對主句起修飾限定作用，去掉從句，主句意義不完整，甚至不合邏輯。詞,其中 that、which、who、whom、whose、as （沒有 what）稱為關(guān)系代詞 ,where、when、 why （沒有how）為關(guān)系副詞。we have bee n look ing for定語從句,2.同時在從句中又充當(dāng)句子成.I was the only pers on in our office who was in vited.（去掉定語從句，

3、意思就不完整）2、非限制性定語從句：從句對先行詞關(guān)系不密切，從句對主句起補充說明作用，去掉定語從句 意思仍然完整。形式上用逗號隔開，不能that用引導(dǎo)。.Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，整個句子可分成兩句來翻譯）定語從句的各個關(guān)系詞：1. who, whom 引導(dǎo)的定語從句who, whom用于代替人。who在定語從句中作主語；whom在定語從句中作動詞或介詞的賓語，在限制性定語中可以省略，在口語中可用who代替whom。The man who wrote this bo

4、ok is a friend of mine.Is that the boy （whom / who ） you spoke of the other day2. which引導(dǎo)的定語從句which指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，在限制性定語中作賓語中可以省略。He is drivi ng a car which can travel 150 miles an hour.The clock （which ） my grandfather bought is still in good order.3. that引導(dǎo)的定語從句that指人或指物，在定語從句中作主語，賓語或表語。He is a m

5、an that / who means what he says. 他是個說話算數(shù)的人。The pictures （that I which ） I had taken won the first prize.He doesn t seem to be the mhat he was.他似乎和過去大不一樣。（that代替the man作was的表語）4. whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句whose指人，也可指物，在定語從句中作定語。指物時可與of which互換使用，指人時可與of whom 互換使用.I have a classmate whose father is a mayor.I live

6、in the house whose win dows face south.I live in the house the win dows of which face south.=of which the windows face southWe looked at the tower whose tip was golde n=the tip of which was golde n.5. 關(guān)系副詞 when, where, why引導(dǎo)的定語從句whe n, where, why引導(dǎo)的定語從句，分別修飾表示時間、地點、原因的先行詞，并 分別在從句中作時間、地點、原因狀語。關(guān)系副詞也可以

7、根據(jù)在句中的搭配關(guān)系， 轉(zhuǎn)換成 介詞+which ”的結(jié)構(gòu)。I shall n ever forget the day whe n / on which I en tered the uni versity.Is that the factory where / in which you worked two years agoThat is the reason why （ that / for which ） I m in favour of the plan6. 介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句用在介詞后面關(guān)系代詞是whom, which, whose 。He is telli ng a

8、story of Lei Feng of whom every one of us is proud.They tired to thi nk of a pla n, by which they could complete the task ahead of time.Please tell the chief manager from whose room his secretary took away all the importa nt papers.定語從句中的介詞通常置于關(guān)系代詞之前，也可在從句謂語動詞之后。但是含有 介詞的短語動詞一般不可拆開，介詞仍放在動詞之后。in which

9、 I workedThe company which / that ） I worked in is going from bad to worse.Your rudeness, which we have put up with too long, is beginning. to annoy our customers.你的粗魯，這我們早就受夠了，現(xiàn)又在惹怒我們顧客。（put up with忍受”，是固定短語，不可將 with與put up拆開）7. as與which用法比較1）在非限制性定語從句中，as / which均可代替前面的整個句子。The man was a teacher,

10、as / which was abvious from his way of speak ing.由那個男人說話的樣子，可明顯看出他是個老師。 但由as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可以前置，而which不可以。As was expected, he performed the task successfully.正如所預(yù)料的那樣，他成功地完成了任務(wù)。2）as作關(guān)系代詞可用于 the sameas, such旬型中, as在定語從句中可作主語或 賓語。Can you give such lectures as will in terest us你能不能作使我們感興趣的講座=Can you give the l

11、ectures which will interest us. （as 代替 lectures,作主語） Such people as you describe are rare nowdays.你描繪的這種人現(xiàn)在已很少見了。（ as 代替 people,作 describe 賓語）We are facing the same problems which we face years ago. （as 代替 problems,作賓語）3）當(dāng)非限制定語從句為否定時，常用which引導(dǎo)。.Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife does nt like

12、 at all.使用定語從句應(yīng)注意的問題：1）必須用關(guān)系代詞.that的幾種情況a）先行詞為something,nothing,all等不定代詞；先行詞被形容詞最高級.，序數(shù)詞,only, very修飾All （that） I want is peace and freedom.我要的是和平和自由。This is the very book that I have been longing to get.這正是我一直渴望得到的書。b）并列的兩個先行詞分別表示人或物In his speech he talked of his experiences and his kind mother tha

13、t impressed him deeply.2）在非限制定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞作賓語時不能省略She introduced me to her husband, whom I hadn t met before.3）用which而不用that的情況：引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；代表整個主句的意思;介詞+關(guān)系代詞。.He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very an gry.他數(shù)學(xué)考試沒有及格，這使他的父親很生氣。This is the room in which my father lived last year. 這是父親去

14、年居住過的房子。4） 定語從句有時不直接緊靠先行詞，中間由一個定語、狀語或謂語隔開。.There is an expressi on in his eyes that I cant un dersta nd.5） 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)由先行詞決定。.The man who lives dow nstairs speaks En glish flue ntly.住在樓下的那個人英語說得很流利。The stude nts who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.定語從句關(guān)系詞的確定依

15、據(jù)三點：1）引導(dǎo)的從句的限制性和非限制性2）所替代的先行詞是人還是物3）從句中所缺的成分，若從句缺主語、賓語、表語，用關(guān)系代詞。若從句不缺主語、 賓語、表語，用關(guān)系副詞。1. His parents wouldn t let him marry anyonefamipcwasA. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose2. She heard a terrible no ise,brought her heart into her mouth.A. it B. which C. this D. that3. In the dark street ,there

16、wasn t a single personshe could turn for helpA. that B. who C. from whomD. to whom4. The weather turned out to be very good ,was more tha n we could expect.A. what B. which C. that D. itliving in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small townhe grew up as a child.A. which B. where C. that D. wh

17、e n6. Carol said the work would be done by October, pers on ally I doubt very much.A. it B. that C. whe nD. which7. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,of course , made theothers un happy.A. whoB. which C. this D. what8. Rece ntly I bought an ancient Chin ese vase ,was very re

18、as on able.A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whosehas already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.A. As B. It C. That D. Which10. He lived in London for 3 months , during time he learned some English.A. this B. which C. that D. same11. the wall hung

19、a picture, color is blue.A. whose B. of which C. which D. itsI met him , was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.A. what B. which C. thatD. when13. The visitor asked the guide to take his picture stands the famous tower.A. that B. whereC. which D. thereboss department Ms King worked ten

20、 years ago look down upon women.A. in which B. in that C. in whoseD. whose15. I don t like sypoeuak to her.A. the wayB. the way in that C. the way whichD. the way of which16. He made another wonderful discovery , of great importance to science.A. which I think is B. which I think it isC. which I think itthink which iswas very rude to the customs officer, of course made things even worse.A. who B. whomC. whatD. which18. The English play my students acted at the New Years party was