02.1飛機(jī)總體與性能

1、2 飛機(jī)主要數(shù)據(jù)和性能DATA AND PERFORMANCE2.1 飛機(jī)技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)SPECIFICATION DATA主要幾何尺寸PRINCIPAL DIMENSIONS機(jī)長(zhǎng)overall length, fuselage length停機(jī)高度overall height翼展wingspan機(jī)身最大寬度maximum fuselage width機(jī)身最大高度maximum fuselage height機(jī)翼面積wing area副翼面積aileron area襟翼面積flap area縫翼面積slat area升降舵面積elevator area方向舵面積rudder area垂直尾翼面積ve

2、rtical tail area水平尾翼面積horizontal tail area客艙長(zhǎng)度cabin length客艙寬度cabin width客艙高度cabin height旅客登機(jī)門（寬高）passenger entry door (WH)貨艙門（寬高）cargo door (WH)服務(wù)門（寬高）service door(WH)主輪距main wheel tread前主輪距wheel base尺寸dimension站位station區(qū)zone飛機(jī)對(duì)稱平面airplane symmetry plane機(jī)身基準(zhǔn)平面Fuselage Reference Plane FRP水平線Water Li

3、ne WL縱剖線Buttock Line BL幾何參數(shù)GEOMETRY PARAMETER平均氣動(dòng)弦Mean Aerodynamic Chord MAC平均幾何弦mean geometric chord翼弦wing chord翼根弦wing root chord翼尖弦wing tip chord副翼弦aileron chord升降舵弦elevator chord垂直安定面弦vertical stabilizer chord水平尾翼弦horizontal tail chord襟翼弦flap chord四分之一弦quarter chord展弦比aspect ratio, span-chord ra

4、tio稍根比taper ratio上反角dihedral angle下反角cathedral angle后掠角sweepback angle前緣后掠角leading edge sweepback angle機(jī)翼后掠角wing sweepback angleg攻角，迎角Angle Of Attack AOA后緣角trailing edge angle前緣半徑leading edge radius唇緣半徑lip radius翼形中弧線airfoil mean line, airfoil camber line最小轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑minimum turning radius機(jī)輪轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑wheel turni

5、ng radius安裝角incidence angle, setting angle機(jī)翼安裝角wing incidence angle水平安定面安裝角horizontal stabilizer setting angle發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)安裝角engine setting angle操縱面偏轉(zhuǎn)值control-surfaces deflection value飛機(jī)姿態(tài)角aircraft attitude angle機(jī)翼偏轉(zhuǎn)角wing deflection angle翼尖偏轉(zhuǎn)角wingtip deflection angle副翼偏轉(zhuǎn)角aileron (deflection) angle副翼調(diào)整片偏轉(zhuǎn)角ail

6、eron tab angle襟翼偏轉(zhuǎn)角flap (deflection) angle內(nèi)襟翼偏轉(zhuǎn)角inboard flap angle外襟翼偏轉(zhuǎn)角outboard flap angle升降舵配平偏轉(zhuǎn)角elevator angle to trim升降副翼偏轉(zhuǎn)角elevon angle升降舵調(diào)整片偏轉(zhuǎn)角elevator tab angle垂直安定面偏置角vertical stabilizer offset angle水平操縱面偏轉(zhuǎn)角horizontal control- surfaces angle方向舵偏轉(zhuǎn)角rudder angle方向舵調(diào)整片偏轉(zhuǎn)角rudder tab angle方向舵彈簧補(bǔ)償片

7、偏轉(zhuǎn)角rudder spring tab angle減速板偏轉(zhuǎn)角airbrake angle機(jī)頭前下方視界角over-the-nose-vision angle內(nèi)襟翼偏轉(zhuǎn)角inboard flap (deflection) angle2.2 飛機(jī)性能PERFORMANCE起飛性能TAKE-OFF PERFORMANCE起飛速度take-off speed起飛決策速度（V1)(take-off) decision speed起飛安全速度（V2)take-off safety speed最小起飛安全速度（V2min)minimum take-off safety speed受VMCG限制的起飛決策

8、速度(V1MCG)(take-off)decision speed limited by VMCG抬前輪速度（VR)rotation speed, nose lift-off speed起飛離地速度（VLOF）lift-off speed最小離地速度（VMU）Minimum Unstick Speed MUS空中最小操縱速度（VMCA)minimum control speed in the air地面最小操縱速度（VMCG)minimum control speed on the ground輪胎限制速度（VTL)tire limit speed臨界發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)失效速度（VEF)Critical

9、Engine Failure Speed CEFS起飛最終段速度（VFTO）final takeoff speed起飛滑跑距離(TOR)takeoff run加速-停止距離(中斷起飛距離)Acceleration-Stop Distance ASD起飛距離Take-Off Distance TOD起飛場(chǎng)長(zhǎng)take-off field length平衡場(chǎng)長(zhǎng)balanced field length起飛航跡take-off path起飛飛行航跡take-off flight path凈起飛飛行航跡net take-off flight path越障obstacle clearence 爬升CLIM

10、B爬升速度climb speed有利爬升速度optimum climb speed爬升率climb rate最大爬升率maximum climb rate單發(fā)爬升率（一臺(tái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)失效爬升率）one engine inoperative climb rate等表速(馬赫數(shù))爬升climb at given IAS/MACH law最大爬升梯度爬升climb at maximum gradient最小成本爬升climb at minimum cost最大爬升率爬升climb at maximum rate定常爬升steady climb航路爬升enroute climb爬升梯度climb gradi

11、ent凈爬升梯度net climb gradient爬升軌跡角climb flight-path angle 爬升時(shí)間climb time爬升水平距離climb level distance爬升耗油率climb fuel consumption最大速度maximum speed最小速度minimum speed轉(zhuǎn)換高度transient altitude失速速度stalling speed升限CEILING計(jì)算（理論）升限calculated (theoretical) ceiling實(shí)用升限(使用升限）practical ceiling, service ceiling巡航升限cruise

12、ceiling單發(fā)升限（一臺(tái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)失效升限）one engine inoperative ceiling巡航CRUISE航程range滿油航程range with full fuel滿載航程range with maximum payload航時(shí)endurance巡航速度cruise speed最大巡航速度maximum cruise speed最大航程速度maximum range speed最大平飛速度maximum (level) speed最小平飛速度minimum (level) speed遠(yuǎn)程巡航速度long range cruise speed久航巡航速度maximum endu

13、rance cruise speed階梯巡航step cruise經(jīng)濟(jì)巡航速度economical cruise speed巡航高度cruise altitude最佳巡航高度optimum cruise altitude巡航馬赫數(shù)cruise mach number快速巡航high-speed cruise飛行包線flight envelope航程因子range factor輪檔距離block distance輪檔時(shí)間block time機(jī)動(dòng)特性MANEUVERABILITY, MANEUVERING CHARACTERISTIC水平加(減)速性horizontal acceleration

14、(deceleration) capacity水平加(減)速時(shí)間horizontal acceleration (deceleration) time水平加(減)速距離horizontal acceleration (deceleration) distance水平加(減)速耗油率horizontal acceleration (deceleration) fuel consumption機(jī)動(dòng)速度maneuvering speed最小機(jī)動(dòng)速度minimum maneuvering speed平飛有利速度optimum level-flight speed轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑radius of turn盤旋

15、TURN定常盤旋steady turn盤旋上升spiral-up盤旋下降spiral-down盤旋半徑turn radius下滑GLIDE側(cè)滑sideslip進(jìn)場(chǎng)著陸下滑approach glide下降DESCENT正常下降normal descent應(yīng)急下降emergency descent飄降driftdown飄降高度driftdown altitude第五邊下降final descent儀表下降instrument descent失速下降stalled descent目視下降visual descent不放襟翼下降no-flap descent等表速（馬赫數(shù)）下降descent at g

16、iven IAS/MACH law最小梯度下降descent at minimum gradient最小成本下降descent at minimum cost下降距離descent distance下降時(shí)間descent time下降耗油率descent fuel consumption有利下降速度optimum descent speed下降率rate of descent著陸LANDING進(jìn)場(chǎng)(著陸)速度approach speed著陸參考速度（VREF）reference landing speed接地速度touchdown speed著陸距離landing distance著陸時(shí)間la

17、nding time著陸滑跑距離distance of landing run著陸安全高度landing safety height著陸滑跑時(shí)間time of landing run著陸爬升landing climbing著陸拉平flare-out進(jìn)場(chǎng)爬升approach climb復(fù)飛go around側(cè)風(fēng)著陸cross-wind landing著陸場(chǎng)長(zhǎng)landing field length過失進(jìn)場(chǎng)（進(jìn)場(chǎng)失敗時(shí)）miss approach滑入taxi in滑出taxi out2.3 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工作狀態(tài)ENGINE OPERATING CONDITION 起飛工作狀態(tài)take-off condi

18、tion起飛推力狀態(tài)take-off thrust condition最大連續(xù)推力狀態(tài)maximum continuous thrust condition最大巡航狀態(tài)maximum cruising condition慢車狀態(tài)idling condition空中慢車狀態(tài)flight idling condition地面慢車狀態(tài)ground idling condition巡航推力狀態(tài)cruising thrust condition發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)停車飛行狀態(tài)engine-out condition, engine shut-down condition反推力工作狀態(tài)thrust reverser c

19、ondition額定狀態(tài)rated condition經(jīng)濟(jì)工作狀態(tài)economic operating condition臨界狀態(tài)critical condition風(fēng)車狀態(tài)windmilling condition風(fēng)車制動(dòng)狀態(tài)windmill brake condition復(fù)飛工作狀態(tài)go-around condition轉(zhuǎn)速特性speed characteristic速度特性velocity characteristic高度特性altitude characteristic經(jīng)濟(jì)特性economic characteristic起飛推力take-off thrust可用推力available

20、 thrust需用推力thrust required扭矩torque發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)凈重engine net weight2.4 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)性能數(shù)據(jù)ENGINE PERFORMANCE DATA總推力overall thrust靜止推力static thrust凈推力net thrust儲(chǔ)備推力reserve thrust反推力reverse thrust軸向推力axial thrust最大推力maximum thrust額定推力rated thrust巡航推力cruise thrust慢車推力idle thrust有效推力effective thrust滑行推力taxi thrust起飛推力take-of

21、f thrust復(fù)飛推力go-around thrust正推力forward thrust負(fù)推力negative thrust保證推力guarantee thrust發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)凈重engine net weight發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)比重engine specific weight推力重量比thrust-weight ratio耗油率fuel consumption單位耗油率specific fuel consumption空氣流量air flow外函流量bypass air flow內(nèi)函流量turbine flow函道比bypass ratio進(jìn)氣道流量air inlet flow發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速engine sp

22、eed每分鐘轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)Revolutions Per Minute RPM發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)最大轉(zhuǎn)速maximum engine speed慢車轉(zhuǎn)速idle speed巡航轉(zhuǎn)速cruising speed高壓轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)速high pressure rotor speed低壓轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)速low pressure rotor speed風(fēng)扇轉(zhuǎn)速fan speed臨界轉(zhuǎn)速critical speed壓力比pressure ratio發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)壽命engine life總壽命total life發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)翻修壽命Time Between Overhauls TBO一般參數(shù)general parameter壓氣機(jī)效率compressor

23、 efficiency噴管效率nozzle efficiency燃燒效率combustion efficiency機(jī)械效率mechanical efficiency總效率total efficiency渦輪效率turbine efficiency熱效率thermal efficiency理論效率theoretical efficiency進(jìn)氣道總壓恢復(fù)系數(shù)inlet total pressure recovery coefficient燃燒室總壓恢復(fù)系數(shù)combustor total pressure recovery coefficient噴管總壓恢復(fù)系數(shù)nozzle total press

24、ure recovery coefficient噴管速度系數(shù)nozzle speed coefficient渦輪膨脹比turbine expansion ratio噴管膨脹比nozzle expansion ratio推阻比thrust-to-drag ratio推力比thrust ratio總空氣燃油比overall air- fuel ratio加熱比heating ratio葉片展弦比blade aspect ratio壓縮比compression ratio壓氣機(jī)增壓比compressor pressure ratio燃燒室總壓損失系數(shù)combustor total pressure

25、loss ratio燃燒室總密度比combustor total density ratio最佳燃油混合比optimum mixture ratio燃燒室容積combustion chamber volume發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)排氣溫度Engine Gas Temperature EGT(發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī))起飛狀態(tài)排氣溫度take-off EGT最大連續(xù)工作狀態(tài)排氣溫度maximum continuous EGT滑油溫度oil temperature最大滑油溫度maximum oil temperature進(jìn)氣速度intake velocity燃?xì)馑俣萭as-stream velocity（燃油）噴出速度inject

26、ion velocity有效噴氣速度effective jet velocity有效排氣速度effective exhaust velocity理想排氣速度ideal exhaust velocity最大排氣速度maximum exhaust velocity發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)停車時(shí)間engine rundown time發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的加速性/減速性engine acceleration/deceleration不可壓縮性incompressibility可靠性reliability傳遞函數(shù)transfer function靈敏度sensitivity線性度linearity重復(fù)性repeatability穩(wěn)定

27、性stability（調(diào)節(jié)）精度precision超調(diào)量overshoot時(shí)間常數(shù)time constant余度redundancy2.5 起落架主要數(shù)據(jù)LANDING GEAR DATA輪胎壓力tire (inflation) pressure緩沖器氮?dú)鈮毫itrogen-filled pressure of oleo shock absorber緩沖器最大行程maximum travel of oleo shock absorber緩沖器停機(jī)壓縮量compression of oleo shock absorber at parking輪胎停機(jī)壓縮量 tyre compression a

28、t parking起落架地面收上時(shí)間landing-gear retraction time at ground-level起落架地面放下時(shí)間landing-gear extension time at ground-level起飛著陸時(shí)機(jī)輪最大轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)角度maximum angle of wheel turn when take-off and landing起飛滑行時(shí)機(jī)輪最大轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)角度maximum angle of wheel turn when take-off and taxiing2.6 重量和平衡術(shù)語(yǔ)WEIGHT AND BALANCE TERMS 飛機(jī)重量AIRCRAFT WEIGH

29、T標(biāo)準(zhǔn)空機(jī)重量Standard Empty Weight SEW基本空機(jī)重量Basic Empty Weight BEW標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基本空機(jī)重量Standard Basic Empty Weight SBEW制造空機(jī)重量Manufacturers Empty Weight MEW保證重量guaranteed weight使用空機(jī)重量Operational Empty Weight OEW使用起飛重量Opertional Take-Off Weight OTOW使用著陸重量Opertional Landing Weight OLW有效載荷payload最大有效載荷maximum payload有用載荷u

30、seful load零燃油重量zero fuel weight重量限制WEIGHT LIMITATION最大（設(shè)計(jì)）滑行重量Maximum Taxi Weight MTW最大（設(shè)計(jì)）起飛重量Maximum Take-Off Weight MTOW最大（設(shè)計(jì)）著陸重量Maximum Landing Weight MLW最大（設(shè)計(jì)）零油重量Maximum Zero Fuel Weight MZFW最大商載maximum payload標(biāo)準(zhǔn)商載standard payload最大油量maximum fuel燃油術(shù)語(yǔ)FUEL TERMS總?cè)加土縯otal fuel可用燃油usable fuel, available fuel不可用燃油unusable fuel可排出的不可用燃油drainable unusable fuel死油trapped unusable fuel備用燃油reserve fuel平衡術(shù)語(yǔ)BALANCE TERMS平衡參考系balance reference system站位station力臂arm平均氣動(dòng)弦Mean Aerodynamic Chord MAC重心CENTER