牛津7AU1語法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)講解及練習(xí)

1、語法講解（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和be動(dòng)詞）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài) ,或zwFmmhim wiBE ewe rm e * m e e i e f b “E mb k 一 m e e b ! e e m k ” m eeit. m .bee. mrr. waMUM e i 說明主語的特征。（1） 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成：主語（非三單）+動(dòng)詞（原形）主語（三單）+動(dòng)詞（三單）（2）般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法： 表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語：表示頻度的畐U詞 always ， often ， usually ， sometimes 等。探 on Sun days

2、, on Mon dayafter noon ， every day， in the morning ，every year 等時(shí)間狀語。探 once a year, twice a mon th, three times a week之類的表示頻率的詞組。女口： He gets up at five o clock every day. He often playsfootball. 表示客觀真理、事實(shí)、人的技能或現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)時(shí)句子里一般不用時(shí)間狀語。如：光傳播比聲音快）The earth turns round the sun.（地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)）Light travels faster th

3、an sound.( 表示十分確定會(huì)發(fā)生（如安排好的事情）或按照時(shí)間表進(jìn) 行的（將要發(fā)生的）事情，用一般現(xiàn)在可以表達(dá)將來，句子 中可以有將來時(shí)間。女口： The train for Haikou leaves at 8: 00 in the morning.（開往漢口的列車上午8點(diǎn)開車） 在時(shí)間狀語從句中（以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as 等引導(dǎo)）和條件狀語從句中（以if,unless引導(dǎo)）,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)，句子可以有將來時(shí)間。女口： Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in G

4、ermany.（ 你一到德國(guó)就給我打電話）/ If it rains tomorrow, we will have to stay at home.（如果明天下雨我們就只好呆在家） 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用于倒裝句中可以表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，動(dòng) 詞以 come, go 為主。如： Here comes the bus.（ 車來了 ） / There goes the bell.（ 鈴響了）。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中be的用法：2.1 be 動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)be動(dòng)詞是系動(dòng)詞的一種， 表示是 的意思?，F(xiàn)在式（The Present Forms ）有am , is , are三種。這三種動(dòng)詞的原形是be，所以它們稱為 be動(dòng)

5、詞。2.1.1 be 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在式be動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在式有 am , is , are三種，分別接在不同人稱的主語之后:人稱主語be動(dòng)詞中文意第一人稱m單蚊1復(fù)數(shù)IweamaxeXL e我們是第二人稱單數(shù)youyonareaxe你是 你們是第三人稱廠單數(shù)(男性(樂)(其他)hasllE it theyis15isaz名他是 她是 它是 他們是2.1.2 be動(dòng)詞句型的構(gòu)成肯定句：主語+ be 動(dòng)詞(am/is/are).否定句：主語+ be 動(dòng)詞(am/is/are) + not.疑問句：be動(dòng)詞(am/is/are )+ 主語？疑問代詞/疑問副詞 + be動(dòng)詞(am/is/are )+主語？2.1

6、.3 be 動(dòng)詞的肯定句句型：主語 + be動(dòng)詞be動(dòng)詞的肯定句由 主語+ be動(dòng)詞(am/is/are ) +表語構(gòu)成：I am a doctor.我是一名醫(yī)生。Mary is at work.瑪麗在工作。You are my only frie nd.你是我惟一的朋友。2.1.4 be 動(dòng)詞的否定句句型：主語 + be 動(dòng)詞(am/is/are )+ not.be動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的否定句結(jié)構(gòu)，是在be動(dòng)詞am， is，are之后加not :We arent her classmates. 我們不是她的同班同學(xué)。Im not Tom.我不是湯姆。(rm 是I am 的縮寫，讀作/aim/ 。)

7、be動(dòng)詞否定句的縮寫方式：is not的縮寫是isnt，讀作/ iznt/ are not 的縮寫是 arent，讀作/a : nt/ ; I am 的 否定句是I am not ，縮寫為rm not；am not 不縮寫在一起。2.1.5 be動(dòng)詞的一般疑問句句型：be動(dòng)詞+主語？回答方式：Yes，主語 + be 動(dòng)詞（am/is/are ）.No，主語 + be 動(dòng)詞（am/is/are ）+ not.be動(dòng)詞的一般疑問句是將be動(dòng)詞置于主語之前（大寫 am/is/are的第一個(gè)字母），在句尾加問號(hào)；這種語序是主語和謂語倒裝語序：肯定句：They are fruit.它們是水果。疑問句：A

8、re they fruit?它們是水果嗎？（主語和謂語倒裝）肯定句：The book is on the table. 書在桌子上。（主語和謂語倒裝）疑問句：Is the book on the table?書是在桌子上嗎？回答由be動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的疑問句時(shí)，肯定要用Yes，否定用No :Are you Johns brother? Yes， I am.你是約翰的兄弟嗎 ？是的，我是。Are Mary and John still at school? No， they are not.瑪麗和約翰仍在學(xué)校嗎 ？不，不在了。Are you there?喂，你聽著嗎？（打電話時(shí)用）【注意】Yes或No的

9、后面一定要加逗號(hào)，其后的主語小寫，I （我）除外。I永遠(yuǎn)大寫。在回答句子時(shí)，主語必須是代詞。2.1.6 be動(dòng)詞的特殊疑問句句型：疑問代詞（主語）+ be動(dòng)詞（am/is/are ）.?疑問代詞/疑問副詞 + be動(dòng)詞（am/is/are ）+主語.？用who和how等疑問代詞或疑問副詞與 be動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的疑問句稱為特殊疑問句。 就主語提 問時(shí)，如果主語是疑問代詞或是帶有疑問限定詞的名詞詞組，如What number is.? （什么數(shù)字是 ? ） , Which boy likes.?（哪個(gè)男孩喜歡 ? ） , Whose car is.? （誰的車是?）等，將疑問代詞或帶有疑問限定詞的名詞詞

10、組置于be動(dòng)詞之前（am , is ,are的第一個(gè)字母無需大寫），在句尾加問號(hào)；這種語序是陳述句語序。就表語提問時(shí)，則以一個(gè)疑問代詞或疑問副詞開頭，之后是 “be動(dòng)詞+主語.（am , is , are的第一個(gè)字 母無需大寫），在句尾加問號(hào)；這種語序是主語和謂語倒裝語序。be動(dòng)詞的特殊疑問句不能用Yes或No來回答：who “誰”:Who is there?誰在那里？（就主語提問）Who is she? She is my mother. 她是誰？她是我母親。（就表語提問）Who are they? They are John s classmates他們是誰？他們是約翰的同學(xué)。what （

11、指某一或某種未知的事物或人）什么”：What are these?These are books.這些是什么 ？這些是書。What are they? They are sailors.他們是干什么的 ？他們是海員。What is Susan like?蘇珊是什么樣的人？ /蘇珊的人品如何？（就介詞賓語提問）whose 誰的”：Whose house is this? The house is Janes. 這是誰的房子？是簡(jiǎn)的房子。Whose are these shoes? They are Toms.這些是誰的鞋子 ？是湯姆的鞋子。which 哪一個(gè)、哪一些”：Which of thes

12、e books is yours?這些書中哪一本是你的？Which is heavier ， iron or copper?鐵和銅，哪一個(gè)更重 ？where在哪里”：Where is he? Hes upstairs/at home/in the office.他在哪里？他在樓上 / 在家里/在辦公室。Where are John and Tom? They are at school.約翰和湯姆在哪里 ？他們?cè)趯W(xué)校。how 怎樣、如何”：How is Helen? She is very well ， thank you.海倫好嗎？她很好，謝謝您。How old is your son no

13、w? He is fifteen.你兒子多大年紀(jì)了 ？他 15 歲了。How is the weather today? The weather is nice today. 今天天氣怎樣 ?今天天氣很好。2.1.7 There is/are的用法There is/are 用于表示某物或某人的存在。1. There is/are.的肯定句句型：There is/are +單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)名詞 +表示地點(diǎn)/場(chǎng)所的詞或短語：Theres some one at the door to see you.門口有個(gè)人要見你。Where there is a will ， there is a way.有志者事

14、竟成。Theres a cool breeze this evening.今晚有涼爽的微風(fēng)。There are many flowers in the garde n.園子里有很多花。引導(dǎo)詞 真正的主語 地點(diǎn)狀語There be 結(jié)構(gòu)為倒裝句，真正的主語是There is/are后的名詞，如上述例句。詳見第25章倒裝25.1完全倒裝。有的辭典將There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中的There列為代詞，作be的主語2. There is/are的否定句句型： There is/are + no t.There is/are的否定句是在is/are 后面加not :There isnt going to be

15、 a party toni ght.今晚沒有聚會(huì)。There arent any cakes left.沒有一點(diǎn)蛋糕剩下來。3. There is/are 的疑問句一般疑問句句型：Is/Are there.?There is/are的一般疑問句是將is/are 調(diào)到there前面，大寫is/are 的第一個(gè)字母：Is there any thi ng you want to tell me?你有什么事情想告訴我嗎 ？Are there enough tools to go round?工具夠大家用嗎 ？特殊疑問句句型：疑問副詞+形容詞 +名詞+ is/are + there.? There i

16、s/are的特殊疑問句是以疑問副詞+形容詞+名詞等開頭，之后是 “is/are + there? ”：How much are there? 有多少？How ma ny rooms are there in each flat?每套房子里有多少個(gè)房間？How many stude nts are there in your class?你班上有多少名學(xué)生 ?【注意】There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語有時(shí)不用動(dòng)詞be，而用seem , appear等：There appeared to be no one who could an swer our inq uiries.似乎沒有人能回答我們的詢問。

17、There appears to have bee n a n asty accide nt.似乎發(fā)生了一起嚴(yán)重事故。There seems (to be ) no doubt about it.此事似乎無可置疑。There dont seem to be any miss ing.好像沒有什么丟失了。2.1.8 Here 的句型句型：Here is/are + 名詞.用于把某物給某人。主語為名詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞放在名詞之前；主語為代詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞放在代詞之后：Here are two boys.這里有兩個(gè)男孩。(名詞之前)Here is the book you want.你要的書在這里。Here is

18、 the pou nd I owe you.這是我欠你的英鎊。Here they/we are!他們/我們終于到了 ！(代詞之后)但是：Here you are (it is ) . ( =Here is what you asked for.)你所要的東西在這里。/ 你找的東西在這里。此句型還可用于引起對(duì)某物或某人注意：Here comes the man ager.經(jīng)理來了。Here he comes.他來了。練習(xí):I. The pla neover there.A. is B. are C.am D. wasI. 1(be) from Australia. 2. She(be) a st

19、ude nt.3. Jane and Tom(be) my frie nds.4. My pare nts(be) very busy every day.5. (be) there a Chin ese school in New York?6. (Be) they excited whe n he heard the n ews?7. There(be) some glasses on it.8. The twins (be) very happy.9. Our class (be) big, but their classes(be)small.10. The basketball cl

20、ub (be) excit ing and fun .II. The girl in red clothes(be) my sister .12. Lily s room (be) not very big .13. I(be) nice to meet you.14. Your n ame(be) nice.15. (be) you Li Fen ? No, I (be) not .16. Mr. green very busy?Yes , he(be).17. (be) the apples very fresh ?18. You and I (be) good frie nds .19.

21、 His frie nds (be) very funny .20. There(be) a big playgro und in our school.二.仿照例句改寫下列句子。例句：She is in Class One, Grade Two.否定句： She is not in Class One, Grade Two.一般疑問句：Is she in Class One, Grade Two? 回答：Yes, she is. (No, she isn t)1. Bob is on the football team.否定句：回答:s office.回答:一般疑問句：2. They are

22、 in the teacher否定句：般疑問句:、用 am, is, are 填空1) Ia stude nt.2) Youa doctor.3)she from Jinan?4)you American ?5) Hein Class 4, Grade 1.6) Ita car.7) Theycars 8)your mother in China?16) . Ia boy. you a boy? No, Inot.17) . The girl Jack sister. 18) . The dogtall a nd fat.19) . The man with big eyesa teacher

23、.20) .your brother in the classroom?21) . Whereyour mother? Sheat home.22) . How your father?23) . Mike and Liu Taoat school.24) . Whose dressthis? 25 ) . Whose socks they?26) . Thatmy red skirt. 27) . WhoI?28) .The jea nson the desk. 29 ) .Herea scarf for you.30) . Heresome sweaters for you.31) . T

24、he black gloves for Su Yang.32) . This pair of glovesfor Yang Ling.一、用be的適當(dāng)形式填空1.-Howyou? -1fine.2.IDavid,a nd my family nameGree n.3. -What coloryour clock? -Itwhite.4. -Whatthis in English?-Itan apple.5. Toymy brother.Davidmy brother,too.Theymy brothers.6. Look!Theseapple trees.7. Wegood stude nts

25、 and yougood teacher.8. My sister and my brotherstude nts.9. there many eggs in the kitche n?10. your card number 5578?11. Whereyour pen cils?12. Thses sweatersfifty dollars.13. How muchhis jacket?14. My brother s birthdayDecember 11th.15. WhenKate s birthday?16. Therea boy and two girls beside the

26、gate.17. Five and threeeight.二、.將下面的句子變成一般疑問句并作出回答1. That is my football.三、將下面的句子變成否定句1. His card is on the table.第一單元綜合練習(xí)()1.He goes to school by bus, but he walksafter school.D. theA. to homeB. homeC. his homehome()2. She likes. She is a good.A. swim, swimmi ngB. swimmi ng, swimmerC. swimmer, swim

27、mi ng D. to swim, swim()3. I like reading. I often go to A. the classroomD. the busB. the Reading ClubC. the teacher s office()4. - like talking on the phone with my friends.A. Me, too.B. You are right.I enjoy.()5. Excuse me, do you say that in English?A. HowB. WhoWhat()6. - Do you have a pencil? -

28、.A. Yes, I can.B. Yes, I do.do.()7. -Can I your new watch?-Sure.A. look atB. look afterD. look like()8. Jack doing his homework at eight.A. finishB. finishsdon t finishC. Yes, I doD.C. WhereD.C. No, I am not.D. No, IC. look forC. finishesD.()9.- the boys enjoy the World Cup?-Yes, theyA. Does, watchi

29、ng, doesD. Does, watch, doesB. Do, watch, doC. Do, watching, do()10. He says “ ” to his parents before he goes to bed.A.Good eveningB. GoodbyeC. Going to bedD. Good night() 11. It s too hot. You should your sunglasses.A. breakB. wearC. makeD.clean() 12. What Jack every Saturday?A. does, doB. do, doe

30、sC. do, doD. does, does)13. My cousin is inA. class 4, grade 7D. Grade 7, Class 4B. Class 4, Grade 7C. grade7, class 4)1 4.your brother good at play ing football?A. AreB. IsC. DoD.Does)15. -Are you good frie nds?weA. Yes, we are. aren tB. No, I don t.C. Yes, I am.D. Yes,(don)16. The girl t.glasses i

31、s my sister. Do you know her?No, IA. wearB. inC. withD. wears)17.-the boys enjoycarto ons?-Yes, they.A. Does, watchi ng, doesDoes, watch, doesB. Do, watch, doC. Do, watchi ng, doD.)18. I livemy familyShan ghai.A. with; inB. in; inC. i n; withD. with; with)19.Kitty, you are a good dan cer.A. SureB. Thank youC. You re right