英語四級各類作文類型

1、各類作文結(jié)構(gòu)四級作文主要涉及兩個方面：一是與學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)、生活相關(guān)的話題；二是與人們生活息息相關(guān)以及有關(guān)社會發(fā)展變化的熱點(diǎn)話題。從體裁來看，四級作文主要以議論文和說明文為主，主要包括圖表闡釋類、說明現(xiàn)象類、對策方法類、對比分析類和觀點(diǎn)論證類，敘事類和應(yīng)用文。1. 圖表闡釋類作文結(jié)構(gòu)圖表闡釋類作文一般需要考生描述圖表或圖畫中的數(shù)據(jù)或畫面，解釋這些數(shù)據(jù)或畫面反映出的裱花、現(xiàn)象或問題，并對其產(chǎn)生的原因、影響或存在的問題進(jìn)行分析說明。例：Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the

2、topic Do Athletes and entertainers Deserve Such High Salaries?. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the chart and the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 對表格內(nèi)容進(jìn)行描述2. 說明出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象的原因3. 你的觀點(diǎn)下圖為2007年福布斯中國名人榜部分收入排名姓名姚明劉翔鞏俐劉嘉玲胡軍余華職業(yè)運(yùn)動員運(yùn)動員演員演員演員作家排名1458996結(jié)構(gòu)公式陳列第一段 概述圖表

3、1.From the chart/graph/table/picture, we clearly learn that總述現(xiàn)象、變化或問題。2.圖表中初期的數(shù)據(jù)或情況。3.However, 圖表中數(shù)據(jù)或情況的變化。第一段 概述圖表1. 主題句：概括圖表所反映的總體現(xiàn)象、變化或問題。2. 擴(kuò)展句一：概述圖表中顯示的初期的數(shù)據(jù)或情況3. 擴(kuò)展句三：概述圖表中數(shù)據(jù)或情況的變化第二段 說明原因4.The following reasons can account for現(xiàn)象、變化或問題。5.First of all/ To begin with,第一點(diǎn)原因。6. What is more/Moreov

4、er,第二點(diǎn)原因。7.In addition/Besides第三點(diǎn)原因。第二段 說明原因4. 主題句：引出下文對原因的說明。5. 擴(kuò)展句一：說明第一點(diǎn)原因。6. 擴(kuò)展句二：說明第二點(diǎn)原因。7. 擴(kuò)展句三：說明第三點(diǎn)原因。第三段 說明影響、問題或表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)8.From my point of view/As for me, “我“的思考或看法。9.可能的影響、問題或注意事項(xiàng)一。10.Besides，可能的影響、問題或注意事項(xiàng)。11. Therefore/To conclude,作出總結(jié)。第三段 說明影響、問題或表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)8. 主題句：“我”的思考或看法。9. 擴(kuò)展句一：第一點(diǎn)影響、問題或注意事項(xiàng)10

5、. 擴(kuò)展句二：第二點(diǎn)影響、問題或注意事項(xiàng)11. 結(jié)尾句：經(jīng)常是提出建議或作出展望。參考范文Do Athletes and entertainers Deserve Such High Salaries?From the chart above we can see that athletes and entertainers earn much more than writers. Yao Ming, as the most famous basketball star, is the richest while the famous writer Yu Hua has lagged far

6、behind.The major reason for this phenomenon is that athletes and entertainers get more attention from the public than the writers, and by taking advantages of their fames they can earn money through ads very easily. As we know, writers cannot be more popular than sports or movie stars.Mayve some peo

7、ple think that this is unfair, for in their opinion, scholars should earn more than stars. But I dont think so. First, the stars salary is just an indication of their hard work and fierce competition; and whats more, the stars splendid career is rather short and many of them have to retire even befo

8、re their thirties. Finally, the stars bring us so much pleasure and fun, and release us form stressful life. To sum up, they indeed deserve what they have got.點(diǎn)評這是一篇圖表作文題。文章第一段描述表格，得出結(jié)論：體育、娛樂明星收入遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過作家。第二段具體分析了產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象的原因。注意The reason for sth. Is that 結(jié)構(gòu)，用來陳述原因。第三段進(jìn)行總結(jié)，說明明星獲得高收入的原因，指出他們對此當(dāng)之無愧。注意連接詞Fir

9、st, whatmore, Finally,To sum up的使用，使得文章結(jié)構(gòu)更加緊湊，行文流暢。附：圖表類型作文開頭描述句型1. As is indicated/ revealed/ showed in the above graph, there have been some obvious changes in.2. The above bar chart clearly shows us3. As can be seen from the graph/ chart above, it shows the general trend in圖畫類：全英文提示+圖片例題Direction

10、s: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of learning basic skills. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. 第一段：圖畫描述（細(xì)節(jié)描寫） （背誦圖片描述通用句型）這

11、是題目中明確要求的(a brief description of the picture)，所以你不描繪圖畫，或者是圖畫信息不全，扣分。描述的時候，你要把學(xué)生提問的那句話寫出來，把老師教課的動作寫出來，以及老師聽到學(xué)生挑釁性的提問之后的表情，也要寫出來。圖片描述通用句型如下：1. As is vividly depicted in the cartoon given above, we can observe that2. The scene drawn in the above picture is that3. The picture symbolically illustrates th

12、at 第二步：分析原因或利弊等（提煉圖畫的內(nèi)涵）（一、二、三列舉原因）孩子對老師教的知識，確切地說，是對老師教授的基本知識、非實(shí)用性知識的一種質(zhì)疑。所以，你可以在第二段分析一下原因：為什么學(xué)生，也就是現(xiàn)代人的代言，對這種不能馬上用于工作的、帶來回報(bào)的、理論性的基礎(chǔ)指示和技能不懈？第三步：重申主題的重要性和做法(總結(jié)和啟發(fā))（呼吁并列舉一至兩點(diǎn)重要性） 分析完了原因之后，你要回到主題，那就是我們不能忽視這些基本技能，要喚起大家對“基本技能的重要性”的認(rèn)識。所以，這一段，你可以正面闡述為什么basic skills 如此的重要，就可以了。 范文第一段 描述圖片As is vividly depic

13、ted in the cartoon given above, we can observe that there are many students sitting in a classroom. When listening to the teacher, one of the students just interrupts the teacher and says “No offense, but by the time were in the job market, wont that stuff be outdated?” Having heard this question, t

14、he teacher stops demonstrating the Multiplication Table and seems to be quite shocked and embarrassed。 第一段 描述現(xiàn)象注意：圖畫類作文常用的開頭句型 圖片細(xì)節(jié)一：學(xué)生在做什么（直接引用圖片中的話）。 圖片細(xì)節(jié)二：老師的反應(yīng)（動作、態(tài)度）第二段 分析原因、利弊或重要性The cartoon informs us of the phenomenon that quite a few students undervalue the importance of learning basic skil

15、ls these days. Firstly, confronted with fiercer competition from society and employment market, students are more focused on practical skills which can be applied in daily work immediately. Moreover, they also fears that the basic knowledge and skills they learn today will be outdated by the time th

16、ey are in the job market。 第二段 分析原因主題句：注意套用句型，引出學(xué)生的態(tài)度：學(xué)習(xí)基本技能不重要。 原因一：競爭激烈。 原因二：過時第三段 第三段 重申主題的主要性、做法However, no one can disclaim the importance of learning basic skills. On one hand, it enables us to lay a strong foundation for further learning and exploration. In other words, those who have mastered

17、 basic skills well are more likely to acquire other skills and knowledge with ease. On the other hand, basic skills are equivalent to the first step of success, as an ancient Chinese saying goes, “ A road of thousand miles towards the success begins with the first step?！钡谌?總結(jié)評述主題句：重申主題的重要性 重要性一：打下堅(jiān)

18、實(shí)基礎(chǔ) 進(jìn)一步解釋前一句： 重要性二：成功的第一步諺語：千里之行始于足下2. 說明現(xiàn)象類作文結(jié)構(gòu)說明現(xiàn)象類作文一般是需要考生描述所給提綱中反映出的現(xiàn)象的總體情況，對該現(xiàn)象的原因、相關(guān)因素或影響進(jìn)行解釋說明，并分析該現(xiàn)象中可能存在的問題或?qū)淼陌l(fā)展趨勢。例：Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic of The Celevration of Western Festivals. You should write at least 120 words and

19、you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 現(xiàn)在國內(nèi)有不少人喜歡過西方的某些節(jié)日。2. 產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象的原因。3. 這種現(xiàn)象可能帶來的影響。結(jié)構(gòu)公式陳列第一段 描述現(xiàn)象1. nowadays/In recent years, 概述現(xiàn)象。2. 現(xiàn)象表現(xiàn)。3.In addition/Also, 進(jìn)一步描述現(xiàn)象表現(xiàn)或變化。第一段 描述現(xiàn)象1. 主題句：概括指出現(xiàn)象2. 擴(kuò)展句一：現(xiàn)象的具體表現(xiàn)或變化3. 擴(kuò)展句二：進(jìn)一步說明現(xiàn)象的表現(xiàn)或變化第二段 說明原因4. Many different re

20、asons contribute to 該現(xiàn)象。/There are many different factors決定該現(xiàn)象。5. Among them, 第一點(diǎn)原因或因素play/plays a critical role. 6. Moreover,第二點(diǎn)原因或因素。7. Besides, 第三點(diǎn)原因或因素或說明影響4. 該現(xiàn)象has brought great influence on影響對象。5. firstly，第一點(diǎn)影響。6.secondly，第二點(diǎn)影響。7. Finally，第三點(diǎn)影響。第二段說明原因4. 主題句：引出下文對原因的說明。5. 擴(kuò)展句一：說明第一點(diǎn)原因6. 擴(kuò)展句二：

21、說明第二點(diǎn)原因7. 擴(kuò)展句三：說明第三點(diǎn)原因或說明影響1.主題句：引出下文對影響的說明2. 擴(kuò)展句一：說明第一點(diǎn)影響3. 擴(kuò)展句二：說明第二點(diǎn)影響4. 擴(kuò)展句三：說明第三點(diǎn)影響第二段 總結(jié)評述8. In my opinion/As for me, 本人對現(xiàn)象的總結(jié)或述評。9.具體作出評述.10 進(jìn)一步作出評述.11. 作出總結(jié)。第三段 總結(jié)評述5. 主題句：可能現(xiàn)象的發(fā)展趨勢或利或弊評述，或是本人對現(xiàn)象的看法。6. 擴(kuò)展句一：具體評述7. 擴(kuò)展句二：進(jìn)一步評述8. 結(jié)尾句：總結(jié)全文（有時可以略去參考范文In recent years many Chinese people like to ce

22、lebrate western festivals. Even some youngsters are paying （1）as great attention to Christmas （1）as our Spring Festival.（2） In addition, other western festivals, like April Fools day and Valentines Day, are very popular among Chinese people.（3）Many reasons contribute to this phenomenon. Among them,

23、relaxing and comfortable atmosphere from western festivals plays a critical role.(2) Moreover, more and more Chinese people begin to learn English,（4） which provides them with more chances（5） to be exposed to western culture and festivals. （2）Besides, many businessmen desperately try to boost the at

24、mosphere of foreign festivals to attract more customers.（6）As far as I am concerned, our paying too much attention to western festivals will（7） bring some side effects. The popularity of western festivals（8） to some extent has influence our traditions. （2）Therefore, I suggest that people should（9） n

25、ot（10） be immersed too much in the western festivals （9）but ignore Chinese traditional festivals.點(diǎn)評（1） 意為“或.一樣”，同級比較（2） 銜接詞語使文章條例清晰、意思連貫。（3） 益處原因重用句式（4） Which引導(dǎo)非限制性定于從句。（5） 意為“暴露于”。（6） 用于引出個人觀點(diǎn)。（7） 意為“帶來負(fù)面影響”（8） 意為“在某種程度上（9） 意為“不是.而是.”，連接并列結(jié)構(gòu)。（10） 意為“過分沉浸在.中”。3. 對策方法類作文結(jié)構(gòu)對策方法類作文一般需要考生描述提綱中所反映的問題，說明問

26、題的危害和解決問題的必要性，然后針對該問題提出應(yīng)對策略或解決方法。例：Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic of Getting to Know the World outside the Campus. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 大學(xué)生了解社會的必

27、要性。2. 了解社會的途徑（大眾傳媒、社會服務(wù)等）.3. 你打算怎么做。結(jié)構(gòu)公式陳列第一段 提出問題1.提出問題。2.問題的重要性或危害性。3.Besides/additionally,進(jìn)一步闡述問題的重要性或危害。4.Therefor/No doubt, it is very important/necessary/urgent for問題涉及的對象to learn how to解決該問題第一段 提出問題1. 主題句：概括提出問題。2. 擴(kuò)展句一：指出問題的嚴(yán)重性或危害性。3. 擴(kuò)展句二：進(jìn)一步闡述問題的重要性或危害性。4. 結(jié)尾句：承上啟下，表達(dá)解決問題的必要性，引出解決方法。第二段 說明

28、方法5.The following ways are effective in解決問題。/There are many ways which can be adopted to 解決問題。/The following factors play an important role in解決問題。6.Firstly, 第一點(diǎn)方法。7.Secondly,第二點(diǎn)方法。8. Finally,第三點(diǎn)方法。第二段 說明方法5. 主題句：引出問題的解決方法或決定因素。6. 擴(kuò)展句一：說明第一點(diǎn)解決方法。7. 擴(kuò)展句二：說明第二點(diǎn)解決方法。8. 擴(kuò)展句三：說明第三點(diǎn)解決方法。第三段 總結(jié)評述9.As far a

29、s I am concerned/As for me,本人的觀點(diǎn)或選擇10.具體觀點(diǎn)或選擇依據(jù)。11.To conclude/Therefore,總結(jié)或建議。第三段 總結(jié)評述9. 主題句：引出本人對該問題或解決方法的觀點(diǎn)或選擇。10. 擴(kuò)展句：具體闡述觀點(diǎn)或選擇依據(jù)。11. 結(jié)尾句：作出總結(jié)或提出建議。參考范文Getting to Know th World outside the Campus It (1) is of great significance for a college student to know the world outside the campus. In this

30、(2)fast-developing “Information Age”, college students must(3) keep pace with the progress of the world.(4) Additionally, by contacting the off-campus world, college students can have chance to more practical skills.(4 )Therefore,(5) how to know the world outside the campus (6)is worth our attention

31、.Many ways can be adopted by our college students to increase our knowledge of the world.(4) Firstly, mass media, such as radios, televisions, newspapers and the Internet, are a good choice,(7)by which we can (8)be well informed about what is happening. (4)Secondly, providing volunteer services is a

32、n efficiently way to contact and know the society.(4)Thirdly, we can take part-time jobs to increase our practical experience.(4)As for me, I will try to create and grasp more chances to contact the society. In my opinion, getting to know the off-campus world is (9)as important(9) as improving acade

33、mic performance.(4) Therefore, I suggest every college student should(10) not(11) confine himself to the campus(10) but often go outside.點(diǎn)評（1）“be of+n.”相當(dāng)于”be+adj.”。（2）符合形容詞做定語，意為“迅速發(fā)展的”（3）意為“跟上”（4）銜接詞語使文章條理清晰、意思連貫。（5）“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)主語。（6）be worth sth./doing sth.意為“值得.”。7Which在定語從句中充當(dāng)介詞賓語。（8）inform是及物

34、動詞，一味“通知，告知”，經(jīng)常用作被動結(jié)構(gòu)“be informed about/of”.(9) 同級比較結(jié)構(gòu)。（10）連接并列結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“不是.而是“。（11）意為“將自己局限于”。4. 對比分析類作文結(jié)構(gòu)對比分析類作文主要有兩種：一種是需要考生對比闡述兩種觀點(diǎn)或做法及各自的理由，人后表明自己的觀點(diǎn)或做法并說明理由；另一種是需要考生對比闡述某事物的利和弊、好處和壞處或優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)，繼而表明自己的看法或態(tài)度。下面的結(jié)構(gòu)公式是針對第一種類型來講解，至于第二種類型，考生只需要在掌握第一種類型結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行適當(dāng)變形即可。例：Directions: For this part, your are all

35、owed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic of Should One Expect a Reward When Doing a Good Deed? You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 有人做好事期望得到回報(bào)。2. 有人認(rèn)為應(yīng)該像雷鋒那樣做好事不圖回報(bào)。3. 你的觀點(diǎn)。結(jié)構(gòu)公式陳列1. 觀點(diǎn)或選擇A1.簡述要討論的主題，引出對其的的不同觀點(diǎn)

36、或選擇/When it comes to 談?wù)撝黝}，there is no complete agreement among people.2. Some people think/prefer to/choose觀點(diǎn)或選擇A。3.觀點(diǎn)或選擇的第一點(diǎn)理由。4.觀點(diǎn)或選擇的第二點(diǎn)理由。第一段 觀點(diǎn)或選擇A1. 主題句：提出要討論的主題，引出兩種不同的觀點(diǎn)或選擇。2. 擴(kuò)展句一：指出一種觀點(diǎn)或選擇。3. 擴(kuò)展句二：闡述該種觀點(diǎn)或選擇的第一點(diǎn)理由。4. 擴(kuò)展句二：闡述該種觀點(diǎn)或選擇的第二點(diǎn)理由。2. 觀點(diǎn)或選擇B5.However, there are many others who觀點(diǎn)或選擇B。6

37、.In their opinions/They maintain/they point out觀點(diǎn)或選擇B的第一點(diǎn)理由。7.Besides，觀點(diǎn)或選擇的第二點(diǎn)理由。第二段 觀點(diǎn)或選擇B5. 主題句：轉(zhuǎn)折出另一種觀點(diǎn)或選擇。6. 擴(kuò)展句二：闡述該種觀點(diǎn)或選擇的第一點(diǎn)理由。7. 擴(kuò)展句二：闡述該種觀點(diǎn)或選擇的第二點(diǎn)理由。第三段“我”的觀點(diǎn)或選擇8. As for me, I agree“我”的觀點(diǎn)或選擇。/Weighing up these two arguments/choices, “我”的觀點(diǎn)或選擇。9. “我”的第一點(diǎn)理由。10.“我”的第二點(diǎn)理由。11.Therefore/To conc

38、lude,作出選擇第三段“我”的觀點(diǎn)或選擇8. 主題句：綜合兩種觀點(diǎn)或選擇，表明“我”的觀點(diǎn)或選擇。9. 擴(kuò)展句一：闡述“我”的第一點(diǎn)理由。10. 擴(kuò)展句二：闡述“我”的第二點(diǎn)理由。11. 結(jié)尾句：經(jīng)常是提出建議或作出展望。參考范文Nowadays, （1）different people hold different views about whether or not one should expect a reward when doing a good deed. Some people think that a good deed should be given a certain

39、reward. They say it is agreeable with the rule of fairness. （2）Also, rewards can stimulate peoples enthusiasm to do good deeds.（3）However, there are many others who take Leifeng as a model and be always ready to help others without expecting any reward. Everyone may be in trouble.（5）Only if you help

40、 others unselfishly, you can get others help when you need it. （2）Besides, they maintain that one can enjoy happiness in doing good deeds, （6）they think, （7）which is the best return.（8）Weighing up these tow arguments, I prefer the second one. （2）First, being happy to help others is one of Chinese pe

41、oples traditional virtues.（2） Second, this virtue（9） is of more significance for the creation of a harmonious society. （2）To conclude, （10）it is every citizens responsibility（10）to do good deeds without expecting any reward.點(diǎn)評（1）用于引出對某事物的不同觀點(diǎn)。（2）銜接詞語使文章條例清晰、意思連貫。（3）轉(zhuǎn)折出另一種觀點(diǎn)。（4）意為“不期望任何火爆”，介詞短語充當(dāng)狀語，注

42、意此處without的用法。（5）意為“只要”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。（6）插入語。（7）which引導(dǎo)非限制性定于從句。（8）用于引出個人觀點(diǎn)，weigh up意為“權(quán)衡”。（9）“be of +n.”相當(dāng)于“be+ adj.”。（10）固定句式：It is.for sb.+ to do sth.其中it是形式主語，不定式短語是實(shí)際的主語。5. 論證觀點(diǎn)型作文結(jié)構(gòu)論證觀點(diǎn)類作文一般需要考生按照提高要求提出論點(diǎn)，通過舉例等方式論證觀點(diǎn)，最后再對論點(diǎn)進(jìn)行總結(jié)。例：Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a com

43、position on the topic Haste Makes Waste. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 為什么說“欲速則不達(dá)”？2. 試舉例說明。結(jié)構(gòu)公式陳列第一段 提出觀點(diǎn)1. 通過背景描寫益處論點(diǎn)或直接提出論點(diǎn)。2.論點(diǎn)中的道理或正確性表現(xiàn)。3.Besides/In addition,進(jìn)一步闡述論點(diǎn)中的道理或正確性表現(xiàn)。/The truth of it is deep and pro

44、found./The truth of it is self-evident.第一段 提出觀點(diǎn)1. 主題句：提出觀點(diǎn)2. 擴(kuò)展句一：闡述論點(diǎn)中蘊(yùn)涵的道理或正確性表現(xiàn)。3. 擴(kuò)展句二：進(jìn)一步闡述論點(diǎn)中蘊(yùn)涵的道理或正確性表現(xiàn)，或是強(qiáng)調(diào)論點(diǎn)的正確性。第二段 列舉論據(jù)4.There are numerous examples supporting this argument./Many remarkable examples contribute to this argument.5.A case in point is 第一個例子。6. 進(jìn)一步說明例一。7.For another example,

45、第二個例子。8.進(jìn)一步說明例二。第二段 列舉論據(jù)4. 主題句：引出論據(jù)，開始論證觀點(diǎn)。5. 擴(kuò)展句一：列舉第一個例子6. 擴(kuò)展句二：進(jìn)一步說明例一7. 擴(kuò)展句三：列舉第二個例子8. 擴(kuò)展句四：進(jìn)一步說明例二第三段 總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)9.All the above-mentioned tell us that/It is no doubt that/Judging from the evidence offered, we might safely draw the conclusion that 重申觀點(diǎn)。10.提出建議或指出注意事項(xiàng)。11.To conclude/Therefore,總結(jié)全文，呼應(yīng)論點(diǎn)

46、。第三段 總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)9. 主題句：承接上文，重申觀點(diǎn)。10. 擴(kuò)展句：提出建議或指出正確的做法或態(tài)度，呼應(yīng)論點(diǎn)。參考范文Haste Makes WasteThe Proverb “Haste makes waste” has been widely accepted for many years. It reminds us that if we are to achieve our final goal we have to do it in a （1）down-to-earth way. （2）The truth of it is deep and profound.（3）There are

47、 numerous examples supporting this argument. （4）A case in point is the ancient Chinese story of （5）“Helping the shoots grow by pulling”. This story proved that the haste caused not only waste but great loss. （6）For another example, some parents and teachers,（7） in order to improve childrens academic

48、 performance in a short time, tend to put too heavy burden on children. This, （7） as a result, brings the children（8） nothing but great pressure.（9）All the above-mentioned tells us that we shouldnt（10） be over anxious for quick results. Everything has its own （11）developing law. Therefore, （12）whate

49、ver we do, we should not pay too much attention to the speed and ignore these laws.點(diǎn)評（1） 意為“腳踏實(shí)地”。（2） 意為“其中蘊(yùn)涵著深遠(yuǎn)的道理”（3） 用于引出例證。（4） 意為“典型的例子”。（5） 引用“拔苗助長”的故事（6） 用于引出另外的例子（7） 插入語（8） 意為“只是，僅僅”。（9） 常用于得出結(jié)論（10） 意為“急于求成”。（11） 意為“發(fā)展規(guī)律”。（12） 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“無論什么”。6. 敘事類作文結(jié)構(gòu)四級寫作中設(shè)計(jì)的敘事類作文一般是要求考生敘述一個時間發(fā)生的經(jīng)過，如車禍、生病

50、或一次難忘的經(jīng)歷，然后談?wù)勛约旱母惺芑虻玫降膯⑹尽＠篋irections: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic pickpocketing. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 描述一下你在公共場所親眼目睹的扒竊事件。2. 譴責(zé)這種犯罪行為3. 在構(gòu)建和諧社會的進(jìn)程中，人人都應(yīng)該

51、有正義感。結(jié)構(gòu)公式陳列第一段 交代時間背景、1.引出時間背景。2.進(jìn)一步描述背景情況或概述事件的特點(diǎn)。3.有背景引出具體時間或說明事件的重要性。第一段 交代事件背景1. 主題句：總數(shù)時間發(fā)生的背景。2. 擴(kuò)展句一：進(jìn)一步描述背景情況或概述事件的特點(diǎn)。3. 擴(kuò)展句二：有背景引出具體事件或說明事件帶來的重要性。第二段 敘述事情經(jīng)過4. Now I still remember clearly引出事件/There is one thing that is still vivid in my mind until now.5.事件發(fā)生的事件和當(dāng)時的情形。6.接下來的情況.7. 進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。8.As a

52、 result/However,事件結(jié)果。第二段 敘述事件的經(jīng)過4. 主題句：概括引出要講述的事件。5. 擴(kuò)展句一：交代事件發(fā)生的事件和當(dāng)時的情況。6. 擴(kuò)展句二：描述接下來的情況。7. 擴(kuò)展句三：描述事件的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。8. 結(jié)尾句：說明事件的結(jié)果或影響。第三段 談個人感受10. Every time I recall該事件，“我”的感受或得到的啟示。/該事件left me in deep thought/gave me a significant lesson.10.第一點(diǎn)感受。1111. 第二點(diǎn)感受。第三段 談?wù)剛€人感受9. 主題句：“我”由這件事而發(fā)的感受或得到的啟示。10. 擴(kuò)展句一：

53、“我”的第一點(diǎn)感受。11. 擴(kuò)展句二：“我”的第二點(diǎn)感受根據(jù)所給提綱的不同，考生要靈活運(yùn)用結(jié)構(gòu)公式，不能生搬硬套。參考范文PickpocketingYesterday, I witnessed a theft incident on my way home. While waiting for a bus, a woman took her wallet out and paid for a newspaper at a nearby newspaper booth,. After putting her wallet back into her handbag she began to lo

54、ok through the new titles when a middle-aged man brushed past her muttering “Excuse me”. Swiftly, her wallet was in the mans hand.The crazy pickpocketing has become a national epidemic and poses a grave threat to the residents and visitors property safety. Pickpocketing prevention, which is a tough

55、task for police, makes senses. All sides involved in this problem must join their efforts to remove this social cancer.Everyone shares the huge responsibility for demonstrating their justice at proper time. Personal responsibility is vital to build a harmonious society.點(diǎn)評描述一次親眼目睹的事實(shí)，一次引出全文的主題。Witnes

56、s用詞準(zhǔn)確。Brush此處為動詞，說明小偷推擠的動作想說子拂過般既輕又快，描述生動形象。含有諷刺意味的Swiftly與句中的動詞brush呼應(yīng)，自然承接前一句。指出扒竊行為的危害，crazy，National epidemic和poses a grave threat to等詞表現(xiàn)出此危害的嚴(yán)重性。Tough和句中的比喻social cancer意在譴責(zé)此類卑劣行徑。最后兩句話呼吁大家攜手努力，消除扒竊，共建和諧社會，點(diǎn)明文章主題。7. 應(yīng)用文類作文結(jié)構(gòu)四級寫作目前考過的應(yīng)用類作文包括：建議信、投訴信、競選演說詞、景點(diǎn)介紹和海報(bào)，另外，拒絕信、求職信、申請信、祝賀信、倡議書等校園生活中常涉及的應(yīng)用文體也在大綱的考察非為內(nèi)。下面列舉10種易考的應(yīng)用類作文結(jié)構(gòu)：1） 建議信結(jié)構(gòu)公式右上角：日期左上角：稱呼正文：第一段：交代建議針對的背景時間，說明寫信的目的；針對該事件提出建議，引出對建議的具體闡述。第二段：具體闡述自己的建議并說明理由。第三段：表達(dá)良好的祝愿和期望。右下腳：署名范文： A Letter to a Schoolmate June 20,2001Dear Xia