過去完成時用法詳解

1、過去完成時用法小結(jié)一、過去完成時適用場合1. 過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作以前已經(jīng)完成了的動作。這個過去的時間常用by，before等介詞短語或一個時間狀語從句表示，也可以暗含在上下文中。I had finished my homework before supper.我在晚飯前就把作業(yè)做完了。The play had already started when we got to the theatre. 我們到劇場時戲已經(jīng)開始了。 By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients. 到六月底他們已經(jīng)治療了一萬多病人。2.

2、過去完成時還可表示過去某一時刻之前發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個時間或還要持續(xù)下去，常與for，since等詞連用。如：He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year. 他在部隊干了十年，去年退役了。He told me that he had known her since he was a child. 他告訴我他從小就認(rèn)識她。He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study. 他在去英國

3、深造前，已學(xué)了八年英語。3. 在一段情景連貫的文字中，先發(fā)生的事放在后面敘述時，要用過去完成時。如：Tom flew home, but his father had already died. 湯姆乘飛機(jī)回家，他的父親卻已經(jīng)去世了。4. 過去完成時也用于hardly.when.（剛就）, no sooner.than. （剛就）, It was the first time + that分句等一些固定句型中。He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him. 他剛離開房間，他們就議論起他來。We had hard

4、ly begun when we were told to stop.我們剛開始就被叫停。It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.他用這樣的語調(diào)跟我講話，這是第一次。二、過去完成時與一般過去時的比較1. 當(dāng)一個由before, after, as soon as 等連詞引導(dǎo)的從句所表示的動作和主句的動作緊接著發(fā)生時，兩個動作均可用一般過去時來表示。We had breakfast after we did morning exercises. 做完早操后，我們吃早飯。The train started

5、 to move just before he reached the platform. 他到月臺時火車剛開走。They started ploughing as soon as they got to the fields. 他們一到地里就開始耕地。2. 按時間順序敘述兩個或兩個以上接連發(fā)生的動作時，用一般過去時。He entered the room, turned on the light and sat down at the table. 他走進(jìn)屋子，打開燈，坐在桌子旁。3. 在表示某人過去未曾完成的“心愿”、“打算”、“計劃”、“想法”、“許諾”等時，hope, mean, pl

6、an, think, intend等謂語動詞常用過去完成時。I had hoped to be back last night, but I didnt catch the train. 我本來希望昨晚回來的，但沒搭上火車。We had thought to return early but they wouldnt let us go. 我們本想早回來的，但他們不讓我們走。4. 在表示過去的句子中出現(xiàn)常與完成時態(tài)連用的詞，如：already，yet，since，for，ever，never及次數(shù)名詞等時，常用過去完成時來表示。When we got there the basketball

7、match had already started. 我們到那里時，籃球賽已經(jīng)開始了。The old man said that he wanted to go where he had never been. 老人說他想到他從未去過的地方去。5. 如果句中出現(xiàn)了表示具體的過去時間的狀語，句子的內(nèi)容為過去的實際情況或句子的內(nèi)容為歷史事實時，句中的動詞時態(tài)常用一般過去時。如：The teacher said that it was Columbus who first discovered the American continent.老師說是哥倫布最早發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲大陸。6. 表述說話人始料未及的

8、事情時，句子的謂語動詞常用一般過去時。由于受漢語表述習(xí)慣的影響，常會用錯時態(tài)。Jack, you are also here! I didnt see you. 杰克，你也在這??！我沒有看見你。隨講隨練 1. John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than he _ for the wedding. 2006年全國II卷A. will planB. has planned C. would planD. had planned 2. I was giving a talk to a l

9、arge group of people, the same talk I _ to half a dozen other groups. 2006年湖南卷A. was givingB. am giving C. had given D. have given 3. Father for London on business upon my arrival, so I didnt see him. 2005年福建卷A. has leftB. left C. was leaving D. had left 4. She _ her hairstyle in her hometown before

10、 she came to Chongqing for a better job. 2004年重慶卷A. would changeB. has changed C. changed D. was changing 5. He _ to spend the important day with us last Sunday, but he was too busy then.A. hopedB. has hoped C. had hopedD. would hoped 6. When the old man _ to walk back to his house, the sun _ itself

11、 behind the mountain. 2005年湖北卷A. started; had already hiddenB. had started; had already hiddenC. had started; was hidingD. was starting; hid 7. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people _ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology. 2004年江蘇卷A. beginB. beganC. have begunD. had begun 8. Oh, is that you, Bob? Err.