中考英語專項(xiàng)6.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞講解及習(xí)題練習(xí)

1、初中英語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法詳解【情態(tài)動(dòng)詞知識(shí)梳理】情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有具體的詞義，但也同助動(dòng)詞一樣，需要與其他詞語一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語，另外情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后必須跟動(dòng)詞原形?？键c(diǎn)一：can，may，must等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在陳述句中的用法：1. can的用法：（1）.表示能力、許可、可能性。表示能力時(shí)一般譯為“能、會(huì)”，即有種能力，尤其是生來具備的能力，此時(shí)may和must均不可代替它。如：She can swim fast, but I cant . （2）.表示許可，常在口語中。如：You can use my dictionary. （3）.表示推測，意為“可能”，常用于否定句和疑問句中，此

2、時(shí)cant譯為“不可能”。如：Can the news be true?No, it cant be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.2. could的用法：（1）.can的過去式，意為“能、會(huì)”，表示過去的能力。如：He could write poems when he was 10. （2）. could在疑問句中，表示委婉的語氣，此時(shí)could沒有過去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour?Could I use your pen?Yes, you can.（注意回答）3. may的用法：（1）.表

3、示請求、許可，比can正式，如：May I borrow your bike? You may go home now. (2) .表示推測，談?wù)摽赡苄?，意為“可能，或許”，一般用于肯定句中。如：It may rain tomorrow . She may be at home. (3) .may的過去式為might，表示推測時(shí)。可能性低于may。如：He is away from school. He might be sick. (4) . 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，?？勺g為“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V例如：May you have a good time. May you be hap

4、py! May you succeed！4. must的用法：(1).must表示主觀看法，意為“必須、一定”。如：You must stay here until I come back. Must I hand in my homework right now? (2)其否定形式mustnt表示“一定不要” “千萬別” “禁止,不許”.如：You mustnt play with fire. You mustnt be late.（3）對(duì)must引導(dǎo)的疑問句，肯定回答為must，否定回答為neednt 或dont have to .如：Must I finish my homework?N

5、o, you neednt. (4)must表示有把握的推測，用于肯定句。如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.注意其反意問句的構(gòu)成形式：當(dāng)must表示肯定的判斷、推測時(shí)，其反意疑問句要用實(shí)際問句的助動(dòng)詞來構(gòu)成。如：She must have seen the film before，hasntshe?(注意反意疑問句的后半部分)You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday，didnt you? (注意反意疑問句的后半部分)5. need的用法：（1）.need表示需要、必須，主要用于

6、否定句和疑問句中，其否定形式為neednt，意為“沒有必要，不必”。用need提問時(shí)，肯定回答為must，否定回答為neednt或dont have to。如：Need I stay here any longer?Yes, you must .No. you neednt /dont have to.(2).need還可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，此時(shí)有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，如果是人作主語后邊多接動(dòng)詞不定式。如：I need to do it right now. 如果是物作主語，一般用need doing與need to be done這種情況下應(yīng)注意兩點(diǎn)：.主動(dòng)形式的動(dòng)名詞doing具有被動(dòng)的含義；.

7、該動(dòng)名詞可以改為其動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式而句子的意義不變。例如：. The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted. 6. dare的用法：dare意為“敢、敢于”,用法近似于need，有兩種詞性：（1）dare作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，多用于否定句、疑問句或條件句中，無第三人稱單數(shù)形式，只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。如：Dare he tell them what he knows? I darent ask her will you do it for me?（2）dare作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，此時(shí)有人稱、數(shù)及時(shí)態(tài)的變化。如：He doesnt da

8、re to break his promise.注意：口語中，dare的各種形式常與不帶to的不定式連用。如：Do you dare tell her what I said?7. shall的用法：shall表示征求對(duì)方意見（多用于第一、三人稱），如：Shall we go out for a walk?8. should的用法：（1）.should意為“應(yīng)該”，可表示勸告、建議、義務(wù)、責(zé)任等。如：We should protect the environment.（2）Should have done表示對(duì)過去動(dòng)作的責(zé)備、批評(píng)。如：You should have finished your

9、 homework.請預(yù)覽后下載！9. will的用法：will表示意愿、意志、打算，可用于多種人稱。如：I will help you if Im free this afternoon.10. had better的用法：had better意為“最好”，沒有人稱的變化，后面接不帶to的不定式，其否定形式為：had better not。如：We had better go now.考點(diǎn)二：含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的疑問句的回答:1.對(duì)may引出的問句，可以有下列回答方式：Yes,you may. Yes, of course.Yes, certainly.Sure .No, you mustnt.

10、No, you cant.2.對(duì)must引出的疑問句，回答方式為：Yes, must. No, neednt/ dont have to.3.could在疑問句中，表示委婉的語氣，此時(shí)could沒有過去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour?Could I use your pen?Yes, you can.（注意回答）4. shall引出的疑問句用于第一人稱，表示征求對(duì)方意見或客氣的請求。其回答方式有以下幾種：Yes, please.All right.No, thank you.5.would you的回答方式有以下幾種：Yes, I will. (No, I wo

11、nt.)Sure . (Im sorry , I cant.)All right/ OK/ With pleasure.Certainly. (No, thank you .)Yes, please.考點(diǎn)三:不同情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定意義也不同：1.（1）.cant可譯為“不會(huì)”，如：I cant play basketball.（2）當(dāng)句子表推測時(shí)，用cant表達(dá)不可能，如：He cant be ill. He is playing chess with Tom.（3）cant還可用來回答“ May I ? ”這樣的問句。如：May I come in ? No, you mustnt. / can

12、t.（4）cant還可用于固定習(xí)語中。cant help doing禁不住，情不自禁cant wait to do something迫不及待地要做2. may的否定式為may not，譯成“可能不”，如：He may not be at home.3.（1）mustnt表示不許，不可。如：He mustnt leave his room.(2) mustnt也可用于以may表示要求時(shí)的否定回答中。如：May I stand here?No, you mustnt (cant).4.（1）neednt意為“不必”。如：You neednt meet him unless youd like t

13、o.（2）neednt + have+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞，表不需要完成但已完成的動(dòng)作，暗含時(shí)間或精力上的浪費(fèi)。如：You neednt have bought it.你沒必要買它（但你卻買了）。5. shouldnt表示不應(yīng)該。如：You shouldnt feel so unhappy over such little things.考點(diǎn)四:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + done (動(dòng)詞的過去分詞)。做題時(shí)要兼顧情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和被動(dòng)語態(tài)這兩個(gè)方面?？键c(diǎn)五:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測的用法:一、“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形”表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的推測。1、can表示推測時(shí)一般用于否定句或疑

14、問句。如：That man cant be her husbandshe is still single.2、must表示肯定的推測，一般用于肯定句中。如：He must be in his office now.3、might表示推測時(shí)不一定是may的過去時(shí)，只是表示其可能性較小。如：The man may be the headmaster.4、Could表示推測時(shí)，語氣can比要弱，說話者留有余地。如：Could it be an animal?It could not be，because it is not moving.5、Should表示推測的可能性比較大，僅比must的可能性小

15、一點(diǎn)。如：It is already 10 oclock now they should be there.二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示對(duì)過去可能發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在過的動(dòng)作的推測性用法。1、“must +have done/been-”表示“過去一定發(fā)生過某事或存在過某種狀態(tài)”，不用于“musnt+have-”形式。如：She must have seen the film before，hasntshe?(注意反意疑問句的后半部分)2、“should +have done /been-”表示“本應(yīng)當(dāng)做某事，而實(shí)際上并沒有做”；“shouldnt+完成式”表示“本來不應(yīng)當(dāng)做，而實(shí)際上卻做了”。以上結(jié)構(gòu)常帶有

16、說話者的責(zé)備的感情色彩。如：You should have finished your homework earlier (but in fact you did not finish it on time).3、“neednt+完成式”表示“本來沒有必要做某事，而實(shí)際上卻做了”。如：There was plenty of time. She neednt have hurried .4、“cant /couldnt+have done /been-”表示“過去不可能發(fā)生了某事或存在過某種狀態(tài)”。如：I saw him just now. He cant have gone to Japan.

17、5、“could+have done/been-”表示“過去本來能夠，可以做某事或成為某種狀態(tài)，而實(shí)際上沒有”，說話者有些遺憾。請預(yù)覽后下載！6、“may/might+完成式”表示“過去可能，本來可以于某事而實(shí)際上沒有干”，might的可能性較小，語氣較弱。如：He may have finished reading the book. 【情態(tài)動(dòng)詞易混點(diǎn)歸納】易混點(diǎn)一: can和be able to:兩者表示能力時(shí)用法相同，但can只有原形“can”和過去式“could”兩種形式，在其他時(shí)態(tài)中要用be able to來表示。另外be able to常常指經(jīng)過努力，花費(fèi)了時(shí)間和勞力之后才能做到某

18、事。易混點(diǎn)二:can和may1. can和may均可用來征求意見或許可，意為“可以”，一般可互換使用。如：Can/ May I help you ? 我能幫助你嗎？2. can和may表示可能性時(shí)的區(qū)別：1)在肯定句中用might，may，must，不用can2)在疑問句中表示推測用can，不用might，may，must3)在否定句中用cant（不可能），不用may，must。如：She may be in the classroom .她可能在教室里。Where can they be now?他們現(xiàn)在可能在哪兒？That cant be true.那不可能是真的。易混點(diǎn)三: may be

19、和maybe 用法區(qū)別 常用位置may be may為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，be為動(dòng)詞原形 句中，作謂語maybe 副詞，大概、也許，相當(dāng)于perhaps 句首，作狀語例如：He may be wrong , but Im not sure.也許他錯(cuò)了，但我也不確定。易混點(diǎn)四：cant和mustnt1. cant根據(jù)其基本用法可譯為：（1）不會(huì)。如：I cant speak English .我不會(huì)說英語。（2）不能。如：We cant do it now because its too dark.天太黑了，我們現(xiàn)在干不了。（3）否定句中表示推測?！安豢赡堋?，如：The man cant be our t

20、eacher because he is much younger than our teacher.。2. mustnt意為“禁止、不許”，用來表達(dá)命令，表示強(qiáng)烈的語氣。如：You mustnt play football in the street. Its too dangerous.易混點(diǎn)五：must和have to1.must側(cè)重于個(gè)人意志和主觀上的必要。have to側(cè)重于客觀上的必要，可用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過去時(shí)和將來時(shí)。易混點(diǎn)六: used to do / be used to doing / be used to do/ be used for doing sthused to do

21、表示過去常常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去，只用于過去；而be used to doing意為“習(xí)慣做”；be used to do意為“被使用去做,”為被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。be used for doing sth“用作”練習(xí)題一1. - Where is Mary? - She _ in the library. A. should be B. must be C. can be D. must have been2. His room is dark. He must _ to bed. A. go B. be going C. have gone D. have been gone3. “Will y

22、our father stay home tonight?” “Im not sure, He _to work.” A. must go B. can go C. may be gone D. may be going4. “Where is Tom?” “He isnt here I think he _ have gone home.” A. may B. must C. might D. A or B or C5. “I think Helen is at home.” “ No, she _ be at home, for she phoned me from the airport

23、 just five minutes ago.” A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. darent6. Hes late. What _ have happened to him? A. can B. may C. should D, must請預(yù)覽后下載！7. “ _ he be watching TV now?” Yes, he _ be watching TV now.” No, he _ be watching TV now.” A. Must; can; mustnt B. Can; must; cant C. Must; must; cant D. Can

24、; can; mustnt8. “_. He have left yesterday?” Yes, he _ yesterday.” No, he _ yesterday.” A. Must; must have left; cant have left B. Can; can have left; cant have left C. Can; must have left; cant have left D. May; must have left; shouldnt have left9. You must be a writer, _ you? A. mustnt B. are C. m

25、ust D. arent10. You must have seen her yesterday, _ you? A. mustnt B. havent C. didnt D. dont11. You must have seen her, _ you? A. havent B. didnt C. dont D. A or B12. There was plenty of time. She _ worried or hurried. A. mustnt have B. shouldnt have C. must be D. neednt have13. I got up early, but

26、 I _ so because I had no work to do that morning. A. mustnt have done B. didnt need to do C. neednt have done D. cant have done14. I _ up early this morning. So I stayed in bed till 9 a. m. A. neednt have got B. didnt need to get C. shouldnt have got D. cant have got15. The flower is dead. I _ it mo

27、re water. A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given16. He _ have come here yesterday, but he didnt. A. could B. should C. ought to D. A or B or C17. “Must he do it?” “No, he _.” A. mustnt B. neednt C. doesnt have to D. B or C18. “Need you go now?” “Yes, I _.” “No, I _.” A. n

28、eed; neednt B. must; neednt C. may; mustnt D. can; neednt19. “May I borrow your bike?” “No, you _.” A. mustnt B. may not C. had better not D. cant20. “Can I do it?” “No, you _.”or “No, please _.” A. cant; doesnt B. cant; dont C. cant; cant D. cant; you dont21. I missed the last bus, so I _ go home o

29、n foot. A. must B. have to C. may D. had to22. We _ hurry if we want to arrive in time. A. must B. need C. may D. have to23. He ought to have won the first prize, _ he? A. oughtnt B. shouldnt C. mustnt D. oughtnt to請預(yù)覽后下載！24. He _ get up early when he lived in the countryside. A. would B. used to C.

30、 mustnt D. cant25. My brother _ be very naughty, and my sister _ like reading. A. used to; would B. would; used to C. used to; used to D. would; would26. _ you please pass on a message to him? A. Do B. Shall C. May D. Will27. _ we set off now? A. Shall B. Will C. Would D. ought28. “_ he open the win

31、dow?” Yes, please.” A. Does B. will C. Shall D. Would29. Ive told him many times, but he _ listen to my advice. A. shall not B. wont C. will not D. wouldnt30. “Will you lend me a hand?” “Yes, I _.” A. will B. shall C. can D. may31. Everyone _ do his best for the modernization of China. A. will you B

32、. dont we C. shall we D. do you32. Lets clean our room, _? A. will you B. dont we C. shall we D. do you33. Let us watch TV, _? A. will you B. dont we C. shall we D. do you34. Close the door after you, _ you? A. dont B. do C. shall D. will35. Every time he meets me, he _ to me. A. smiled B. would smi

33、le C. will smile D. is smiling36. “_ you like to see a film?” “Yes, Id like _.” A will; to B. Would; to see C. Would; to D. Will; to see37. He asked me for his book many times. Please tell him he _ have it tomorrow. A. must B. may C. shall D. is38. - Must I finish all the exercises today? - No, you

34、_, but you _finish them before Friday. A. mustnt; need B. dont have to; must C. neednt to; need D. shouldnt; ought39. Night has fallen. We have to go home, _ we? A. dont B. havent C. mustnt D. shouldnt40. The cat _ hibernate is winter. A. doesnt need to B. neednt C. mustnt D. shouldnt41. Your compos

35、ition _ rewriting, _ it? A. need; neednt B. needs; doesnt C. needs; does D. need; doesnt42. Neither of them _ the snake. A. dares catch B. dares to catch C. dare catch D. dare catching43. He _ any help. A. neednt B. doesnt need C. need D. do need請預(yù)覽后下載！44. Im afraid you must have met with many diffi

36、culties in the work, _? A. didnt you B. arent you C. mustnt you D. neednt you45. I wish to shake hands with you, _? A. will you B. shall we C. can you D. may I46. Susan, you are so lazy. This job _ hours before. A. should finish B. could be finished C. must have been finished D. should have been finished47. _ if it were spring all the year round? A. S