句子成分講解及練習(xí)

1、句子成分講解及練習(xí)主語(yǔ)(subject ):句子說(shuō)明的人或事物。(找出主語(yǔ)并說(shuō)明是由什么詞充當(dāng)?shù)?The sun rises in the east.() He likes dancing.()Twenty years is a short time in history. ()Seeing is believing.( )To see is to believe.() What he needs is a book.( )It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree .()謂語(yǔ)(predicate ):說(shuō)明主

2、語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征。We study English.He is asleep.表語(yǔ)(predicative ):系動(dòng)詞之后的成分，表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。He is a teacher.()Seventy- four!You don t look it.()Five a nd five is te n.()He is asleep.()His father is in.()The picture is on the wall.()My watch is gone / missing / lost.()To wear a flower is to say“I m poor, I can

3、t buy a ring.()The question is whether they will come.()(常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有:be, sound (聽(tīng)起來(lái)),look(看起來(lái))，feel( 摸起來(lái)，smell (聞起來(lái))，taste (嘗、吃起來(lái))，remain (保持，仍是)，feel (感覺(jué))It sounds a good idea.Her voice sounds sweet.The food smells delicious.The door remains open.賓語(yǔ)：1)動(dòng)作的承受者一-動(dòng)賓I like China. ()The sound sounds strange.

4、 Tom looks thin.The food tastes good.Now I feel tired.He hates you. ()How many do you need We need two.()Weshould help the old andthe poor. () I enjoy working with you. ()I hope to see you agai n.() Did you write down what he said ()2)介詞后的名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞一-介賓Are you afraid of the snakeUnder the snow, there

5、 are many rocks.3)雙賓語(yǔ)-一 間賓(指人)和直賓(指物)He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.賓補(bǔ)：對(duì)賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充，全稱(chēng)為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。We elected him monitor.() We all think it a pi ty that she didn t comehere. ()We will make them happy. () We found no body in.()Please make yourself at home. () Dori t let him do that.()H

6、is father advised him to teach the lazy boy a less on.()Dori t keep the lig hts burning.() T II have mybike repaired. ()主補(bǔ)：對(duì)主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充。He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a less on.定語(yǔ)：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.() He

7、 is our friend.()Webel ong to the third world. () He wasadvised to teach the lazy boy a less on.( )The man over there is my old friend.()The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.()The boys playing football are in Class 2.()The trees planted last year are growing well now.()I have an idea to do

8、 it well.()You should do everything that I do.()狀語(yǔ)：用來(lái)修飾v., adj., adv.或句子。表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。I will go there tomorrow.The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.The meat went bad because of the hot weather.He studies hard tolearnEnglish well.He didn t study hard so that he failed in the ex

9、am.I like some of youveryHe goes to school by bike.much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam.Though he is young, he can do it well.句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單句的五個(gè)基本句型1. 主語(yǔ)2. 主語(yǔ)3. 主語(yǔ)4. 主語(yǔ)+5.主語(yǔ)She came. / My head aches.She likes English.She is happy+ 直接賓語(yǔ)She gave John a book .She bought a book for me.She makes her mo

10、ther angryThe teacher asked meto read the passage. There lies a book on the desk.)謂語(yǔ)（不及物動(dòng)詞）謂語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞） 系動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)（雙賓動(dòng)詞）謂語(yǔ)+ 賓語(yǔ)(There +be+賓語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+ 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)Exercises分析下列句子成分1. Students study.2.3. All of us considered him honest. of sports shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass.the cityIt is a great pleasure to talk

11、 with you4. Mygrandfather bought mea pair6. He madeit clear that he would leave7. I have two elder sisters children frightened.8.The terriblesound made the9. They pushed the door open.story last night.11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. highly of his teachi ng13. We need a place twic

12、e larger than this one.English song.15. Tigers are dangerous animals .will10. Grandma told me an interesting12. All the students think14. He asked us to sing anmakeour school more beautiful.18. I made17. I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way. Tom monitor.19. He showed the tic

13、ket to the con ductor. 20. She showed us her many of her pictures.21. The old man lives a lonely life.22. This term I have written threeletters to my parents.翻譯練習(xí)：主謂結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞）1你應(yīng)當(dāng)努力學(xué)習(xí)。2她昨天晚上回家很晚。3. 五年前我住在北京。4. 在過(guò)去的十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)）昨晚我寫(xiě)了一封信。2. 這本書(shū)他讀過(guò)多次了。3. 那位先生能流利地說(shuō)三種語(yǔ)言。4. 他不知道說(shuō)什

14、麼好。主系表結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)）1我的兄弟都是大學(xué)生。2. 布朗夫人看起來(lái)很健康。3. 她的工作是在幼兒園里照看兒童。4. 這個(gè)報(bào)告聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有意思。雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)+雙賓動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)）1 Johnson先生去年教我們德語(yǔ)。2. Mary把錢(qián)包交給校長(zhǎng)了。3. 他把車(chē)票給列車(chē)員看。4. 我父親已經(jīng)給我買(mǎi)了一輛新自行車(chē)。復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)1. 我們大家都認(rèn)為他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。2. 我要你把真相告訴我。3. 衛(wèi)兵命令我們立即離開(kāi)。4. 每天早晨我們都聽(tīng)到他大聲朗讀英語(yǔ)。15我要請(qǐng)人把我的錄音機(jī)修理一下。17她正在聽(tīng)人家講故事。19我從來(lái)沒(méi)看見(jiàn)這個(gè)字這樣用過(guò)。21我想乘船去那里

15、更舒服些。+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）16那可怕的聲音把孩子們嚇壞了18男孩子們都在看士兵們操練。20他感到很難跟你交談。22我認(rèn)為有可能用另一種方法解題。23學(xué)校定了一條規(guī)則，開(kāi)始上課時(shí)學(xué)生要起立。24我認(rèn)為與那個(gè)人談話(huà)是無(wú)益的。There be 句型1今晚沒(méi)有會(huì)3這個(gè)學(xué)校有一名音樂(lè)老師和一名美術(shù)老師4客人當(dāng)中有兩名美國(guó)人和兩名法國(guó)人5天氣預(yù)報(bào)說(shuō)下午有大風(fēng)。7戰(zhàn)前這兒一直有家電影院的6燈亮著，辦公室里肯定有人8恰好那時(shí)房里沒(méi)人。9從前，在海邊的一個(gè)村子里住著一位老漁夫“就只剩下二十八美元了。13鈴響了。10公共汽車(chē)來(lái)了。12在這個(gè)山洞前面長(zhǎng)著一棵高大的松樹(shù)14二月份有二十八天。KEYS分析下列句子成分I.

16、 主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)2.3.主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)4.5. 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)6.7. 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)8.9.主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)10.II. 主語(yǔ)+雙賓動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)1213.主語(yǔ) +及物動(dòng)詞 +賓語(yǔ)14.15.主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)16.17.主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)18.19.主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞20.21.王語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)22.23.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞 +賓語(yǔ)24.25.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞 +賓語(yǔ)26.27. 主語(yǔ)+雙賓動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)28.主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+雙賓動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞 +形式賓語(yǔ)it +賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+雙賓

17、動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) +及物動(dòng)詞 +賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞 +賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+雙賓動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞 +表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)+雙賓動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)2這個(gè)村子過(guò)去只有一口井29.主語(yǔ) +及物動(dòng)詞 +賓語(yǔ)30.主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)翻譯練習(xí)：主謂結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞）1You should study hard.2 She went home very late yesterday evening.3That morning we talked a great deal.4The meeting

18、 will last two hours.5Great ch a nges have take n place in my home town in the past ten years.6Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day.7The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.8Classes begin at eight every day.9This box weighs five kilos.10 I lived in Beijing five

19、 years ago.主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ) ）wrote a letter last night.want to talk with you this after noon.has read this book many times.have carried out the plan successfully.must finish reading these books in two weeks.gentlemen can speak three Ianguages fluently.received a letter from my pen friend in Australi

20、a.cannot dress himself.of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.did not know what to say.主系表結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）1 My brothers are all college students. 2ln winter, the days are short and the nights are long.3 Mrs Brown looks very healthy. 4At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.5 Chi Id re n, k

21、eep quiet please. 6 This book is about the history of the Un ited States.7Her job is to look after the children in the nursery. 8He is out of work.9The leaves have turned yellow. 10The report sounds interesting.雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)+雙賓動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ) +直接賓語(yǔ)）1 Mr Johnson taught us German last year.2Grandma told me an inte

22、resting story last night.3Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster.4Would you please pass me the dictionary5He showed the ticket to the con ductor.6This term I have written three letters to my parents.7My father has bought me a new bike.8Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat.9Will you please get me

23、a new copy10 Shall I call you a taxi復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)+ 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）2His parents named him John.4They pushed the door open.6We will make our school more beautiful.8I want you to tell me the truth.lOTomorrow I II have some one repair the1We call her Alice.3 Al I of us con sidered him hon est.5They have set

24、 the thief free.7He asked us to join in the game.9The guards ordered us to leave at once, machi ne.11 Every morning we hear him read English aloud.13We wob t let her go out at night.151 II get my recorder mended.frighte ned. 17She is liste ning to some one telli ng stories.12The pain made him cry ou

25、t.14He has his hair cut once a month.16The terrible sound made thechi Id re n18he boys were watching thesoldiers drilling.191 have never seen the word used that way before. 20He felt it very difficult to talk with you. 211 think it more comfortable to go there by ship.22I consider it possible to wor

26、k out the problem in another way.23The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.24I thought it no use talking with that manThere be 句型I There is n t going to be a meeting tonight.2There was only a well in the village.3There is (are) a teacher of music and a teacher o

27、f art in the school.4Among the guests there were two America ns and two Fren chme n.5The weatherma n says there II be a strong windin the after noon. 66The light is on. There must be some one ion the office.7There used to be a cinema here before the war.8There happened to be nobody in the room.9Once

28、, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.10There comes the bus.II There remained just twenty-eight dollars.12ln front of the cave, there stands(grows) a tall pine tree.13There goes the bell.14There are twenty-eight days in February分析下列句子成分1. Students study. 2. We are friends. 3. They a

29、re teachers, play with him.5. This is a red sun.The students study hard.8. I often write to him.9. The bag is too heavy. 10. The tall boy often go to the big zoo.11. The happy child went to his home.have two elder sisters.13. They dont swim very well.14. Do you go to school every day 15. I have a dr

30、eam.16. You don tfind opportunities17. You make them.won t hear the knock .19. Your television is always on.is money.21.Three o clock is always too latewas made monitor.23. I made Tom monitor.24. I am sure to succeed.25. This is beautiful music.26There are only two kinds of music. 27. Puff lived by

31、the sea.28. Can you feel the love tonight 29. Home never looks so good.30. You come back comes spring. 32. I ve never been to America33. I don t know much about it.34. Frankly speaking, the food is not very good.35. To love others makes us love ourselves makes us lonely.37. We are made to love is th

32、e best teacher.39. They are going to Melbourne.40. When you reach for the stars, you may not quite get one, but you wonwith a handful of sand either.41. The painter painted a very nice picture.42. They fought against SARS bravely.43. To see is to believe.44. Helping animals is to help people.45. It

33、is very comfortable to have a Class A.46. Eating too much is bad for your health.47. The man looks . Tigers are dangerous animals.49. Keep the keyboards clean, children.50. You go there and fetch me a glass of water.51. Computers are made in this factory.52. Where are they53. Does the boy like stayi

34、ng home55. Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam.56. The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave people.57. He travelled in space.58. Who teaches you English this year59. The pizza has gone bad.60. I am making so much noise61. He can t have finished reading the 800-page-long novel.62. Somethi

35、ng must be done t 63. You d better go over the less on.64. They should have been there . What are you doing this eveningt come up 66. Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.67. He made up his mind to be a vet.68. He does not enjoy himself very much. 69. Did any of you see dinosaur eggs70. Many tr

36、ees have been cut down since 1970s.71 Feeling good about yourself is essential to feeling good about life.72. They wake up the other family members.73. The kings of ancient Egypt had strong tombs built for themselves.74. Air and water is necessary to us all.75. The Olympic Games is held every other

37、year.76. The an gel also came to Joseph and told him the same thing.less ons.77. He told me that the company could not afford to pay him so much money.78. They enjoy watching football gamesso much that they often forget their79. I think to be a children s doctor is very rewarding80. Listen to the . Can you hear anything exciting82. What did he see83. What does he write a le