成都起航教育動(dòng)詞不定式歷年高考題

1、不定式用法及高考鏈接一、不定式的句法功能不定式在句子中可以作主語、表語、賓語、補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語：1. 作主語，如：To smoke is a bad habit. 吸煙是一個(gè)壞習(xí)慣。2. 作表語，如：Our work is to clean the windows. 我們的工作是擦玻璃。When he _ the door, he found his keys were nowhere.（2009湖南卷）A. would open B. opened C. had opened D. was to open【解析】答案D?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞不定式的用法。句意為：當(dāng)他要打開門的時(shí)候,他發(fā)現(xiàn)他

2、的鑰匙不見了。動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。3. 作賓語，如：She wanted to learn more. 她想多學(xué)些。- What s the matter with Della?- Well, her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party, but she still _.（2009江蘇卷）A. hopes to B. hopes so C. hopes not D. hopes for【解析】答案A。考察固定搭配，hope to do sth。David threatened _ his neighbour to the poli

3、ce if the damages were not paid.（2009上海卷）A. to be reported B. reporting C. to report D. having reported【解析】答案C?？疾榉侵^語的用法。threaten to do sth.威脅要做某事。因?yàn)樵摼涫侵鲃?dòng)關(guān)系所以答案為C。4. 作賓語/主語補(bǔ)足語：如：Would you like anybody to help you? 你想找個(gè)人幫忙嗎？John was made to wash the truck for a week as a punishment. 作為懲罰，約翰被迫洗車一周。She

4、wished that he was as easy _32_ （please）as her mother，who was always delighted with perfume. （2009廣東卷）【解析】答案to please。在形容詞后作主補(bǔ)，只能用動(dòng)詞不定式。Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, _ reduce unemplo

5、yment pressures. （2009江蘇卷）A. help B. to have helped C. to help D. having helped 【解析】答案C。China are expected to help reduce unemployment pressures. to help 與to hire 位置相同，都做主補(bǔ)。5. 作定語，如：Be quiet, please. I have something important to say. 請安靜，我有重要事要說。The play _ next month aims mainly to reflect the loca

6、l culture.（2009安徽卷） A. produced B. being produced C. to be produced D. having been produced【解析】答案C。本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語的用法,句中已明顯給出將來時(shí)間的標(biāo)志next week,因此作定語應(yīng)該選擇動(dòng)詞不定式來表達(dá)將來。With the world changing fast, we have something new _ with all by ourselves every day.（2009重慶卷） A. deal B. dealt C. to deal D. dealing【解析】答案C

7、?？疾椴欢ㄊ阶龆ㄕZ的用法。deal with的動(dòng)作發(fā)出者是句子的主語，所以要用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)。6. 作狀語（目的、原因和結(jié)果），如：To see clearly, she stood up.為了看得更清楚，她站了起來。（目的狀語）We were all pleased to hear the good news. 聽到這個(gè)好消息，我們都很高興。（原因狀語）She hurried to school, only to find that it was Sunday and there was no school. 她匆忙趕到學(xué)校，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)那天是星期天，不上學(xué)。（結(jié)果狀語）The children a

8、ll turned _ the famous actress as she entered the classroom.（2009全國卷I） A. looked at B. to look at C. to looking at D. look at【解析】答案B?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。后句意思是“這位著名女演員一走進(jìn)教室”，可以猜測前句意思是“孩子們都轉(zhuǎn)身去看她”。turn意思是轉(zhuǎn)身，后面跟不定式作狀語，表示目的。_, you need to give all you have and try your best.（2009遼寧卷）A. Being a winner B. To be a winn

9、er C. Be a winner D. Having been a winner 【解析】答案B?？疾椴欢ㄊ阶髂康臓钫Z。根據(jù)后句你需要付出你的一切和努力，前面應(yīng)該是后句的目的，意思“為了當(dāng)冠軍，”buy 意思是“obtain at a sacrifice”符合句意，選B。二、不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)形式不定式的時(shí)態(tài)分為三類：一般式、完成式、進(jìn)行式；語態(tài)分為：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。現(xiàn)以動(dòng)詞build為例，將動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)列表如下：主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式to buildto be written完成式to have writtento have been written進(jìn)行式to be writ

10、ing1. 一般式：動(dòng)詞不定式的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或者發(fā)生于謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后。如：I was glad to see you. 見到你時(shí)我很高興。（to see和was glad同時(shí)發(fā)生）They invited me to attend their party. 它們邀請我參加他們的晚會(huì)。（to attend發(fā)生在invited之后）【高考鏈接】_ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.（2009天津卷）A. Competing B. Having completed C. To

11、 have completed D. To complete【解析】答案D。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞不定式做目的狀語用法。由后句the staff were working at weekends.可知在周末一直在工作的目的就是按時(shí)完成工程，故選D符合。2. 完成式：動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式所表示的動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生，如：He was said to have gone back. 據(jù)說他已經(jīng)回去了。（to have gone發(fā)生在was said之前）3. 進(jìn)行式：動(dòng)詞不定式的進(jìn)行式表示其動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，而且與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。如：They seem to be discussing

12、 your problem. 他們好像正在討論你的問題。4. 被動(dòng)形式如果不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，不定式用主動(dòng)語態(tài)；如果不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，不定式用被動(dòng)語態(tài)動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：He asked to be sent to work in the countryside. 他請求被派往農(nóng)村工作。（一般式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)）He thought it an honor to have been invited to the party. 被邀參加晚會(huì)他感到很榮幸。（完成式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)） 【高考鏈接】Nowadays people sometimes separate

13、their waste to make it easier for it _.（2009湖南卷）A. reusing B. reused C. reuses D. to be reused【解析】答案D。考查動(dòng)詞不定式的用法。句意為：現(xiàn)在人們有時(shí)把他們的廢物分開，以便很容易被重復(fù)利用。重新再利用是指將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，而且是被動(dòng)的。故選D。We are invited to a party _ in our club next Friday.（2009山東卷） A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding【解析】答案A。本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法，由n

14、ext month可知時(shí)間是在將來，party是被舉行，故選A。三、不定式的省略形式如果句子前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過同樣的動(dòng)詞，為了避免重復(fù)，句子后面的不定式常省去動(dòng)詞原形，只留下不定式符號to。如：I thought Tom was going to attend the meeting, but in fact he didnt really want to.我認(rèn)為湯姆要去參加那個(gè)會(huì)議，但事實(shí)上，他并不真想去。（to后省略了前面已出現(xiàn)過的 attend the meeting）注意：如果不定式符號to之后的動(dòng)詞原形是be 或have時(shí)，在省略句中通常要保留be 和have，但隨后的成分仍可省略。如：Mary is a fine singer, as her mother used to be.瑪麗和她母親過去一樣，是一個(gè)很好的歌手。（to后省略了前面已出現(xiàn)過的a fine singer ，但保留了be）四、疑問詞+ to do此外，不定式還可以與疑問詞構(gòu)成“疑問詞+ to