單片機(jī)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯5

1、 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（外文翻譯材料）學(xué) 院：專(zhuān) 業(yè)：學(xué)生姓名：指導(dǎo)教師：電氣與電子工程學(xué)院 電子信息工程 2011年 6 月 the design based on at89s51 miniature soil humidity detector designabstract: facilitate master soil moisture conditions, design the miniature soil humidity detector. its hardware system includes signal amplifier circuit, a/d circuit, scm,

2、micro lcd display and alarm circuit, etc.; software system includes a/d conversion driver, lcd driver two modules. proteus software platform based on the design of the system is simulated, and the results show that the system hardware and software design correct and reliable operation.keywords: soil

3、 humidity; detector; scm; a/d conversion; simulationtp202 classification number: chineseliterature identification code: asection 1 introductionagricultural production in the economic development of our country has important position, for farmers industry production to provide timely and reliablly te

4、chnical service has become the heavily meteorological department to response one. along with the national governments at all levels of agricultural production increasingly heavierdepende on the service, my unit also serve for agriculture, promote for increasing farmers incomemany studies, the variou

5、s problems in agricultural production also widely adjustableinquiry. research found that gardening cultivation, greenhouse flowers, awning vegetables onesome valuable varieties of soil moisture, soil has a high requirement, humidityat the time, not only seriously affecting its normal growth, and eve

6、n cause planting product death wu, causing serious damage. farmers therefore, engaged in this kind of agricultural production.farmers very need a low cost, small volume and detection reliable soil .soil humidity detector for water supply, provides the basis. in order to solve the above asked .our pr

7、oblem, i unit combined with actual conditions of agricultural production, and the related units designedhome of high precision, to design the low cost of miniature soil moisture detection instrument.along with the social life progress, peoples quality of life is getting much more better, flowers has

8、 become a fashion. flowers can not only enrich peoples cultural life and is good for mental and bodily health ，but also can improve and purify air, improve health. water is necessary for flowers growth ,it influences the growth of flowers greatly. too much water or too little, will affect the normal

9、 growth and the kind of flower is verious, different flowers need different amount of water. the needful water, mostly from the soil, in order to control flowers moisture in the soil properly, using pro - f soil humidity sensor design an automatic watering the flowers system, it may, automatically s

10、et for flowers watering according to the humidity limit, in order to meet the need of imperative water.section 2 composition of the system the whole system consists of scm, circuit of daq, keyboard input and digital display circuit, output controlling circuit etc. circuit of caq is made of 4 srh and

11、 adc , srh makes flowers soil humidity convert into analog voltage output, adc makes the output of analog voltage convert into digital quantity and send to microcontroller. at89s52 is adopted, the collectted value of soil humidity is compared with a preset limit soil moisture, and it makes correspon

12、ding judgement according to the compared results, to control the output controlling circuits action. key-in is used to set the value of soil humiditys limit, led is used to display the current soil humiditys value.miniature soil detector signal processing system including soil humidity sensordevice,

13、 a/d acquisition circuit, scm and micro lcd. its work after cheng is: soil soil wet degrees preach sensor, will wet degrees letter sent to a/d adopt set electricityroad, the a/d conversion, income data digital signal into scm processing, finally will processing results sent to micro lcd display.sect

14、ion 3 the hardware design of system 3.1 the circuits working principle the hard thing the original reason system graph as figure 2 shows. this article selects ksc -6v integrated relative humidity sensor, wait for after inserting the soil about 5s make sensorimplement fully contact with the soil, sig

15、nal by integrated amp lm324 vin the same phaseinput terminal. the sensors relative humidity 0% 100% rh, its correspondingoutput is 0 100mv 1. according to the integrated amp with phase ratio amplification gain: kf=r1+ rf =1+ 47 =48then the output amplification v0 = 48 analog signal voltage, so outpu

16、t analog, vi, electric pressure fan letter surrounded is 0 4.8v. this mode, turn into a/d ch0 slice of replace core general way into line changeover place, have cut to several words at89s51 single-chip letter numbers again into data processing and the lcd.3.2 a/d conversion chip choice and controlli

17、ng principlethis article chooses a/d conversion chips for adc0832, this chip is 8pin double row straight insert dual channel a/d converter, can separately for both road simulation no real now believe d/a change, can use in the ocl lose into mode and bad points to loseunder the way of di server chann

18、el selected choose, several according to adopt sets and data transfer 2.the work of adc0832 do sequence as shown in figure 3. root according to our web site, when covariance .adc0832 did not work, must the piece selected in the high level, the cswhen chip disabled. when should undertake a/d conversi

19、on shall be piece selected end cs offsetsin low level and maintains to convert over. chip began to work, still need to makemonolithic machine to core chips, when the clock clk lose faith in the clock pulse blunt when lose,in the first clock pulse before the sinking di end must be high electric flat,

20、 tablesand start signal. in the first 2, 3 pulse sinking di end before should be lostinto two data used to select channels function. channels are as follows:(1) the controlled conditionsin accordance with the times when di lost with 1, 0, the only way to do ch0 tong general turned into single wordch

21、ange; (2) when di ordinal input 1, 1, only for single ch1 channel ontao transformation;(3) when di ordinal 0, 0, will ch0 as is, will ch0 input 0 as its negative input in ch1 -, as are the input in +3.3 microcontrollers choicemcu is the control of core, compared with the others ,we chose at89s51 sin

22、gle-chip microcomputer. the advantages of this type of single-chip microcomputer is 3 : (1) the single-chip microcomputer and the 8051 series microcontroller is fully compatible, make it use easily, and into the ten points cheap; (2) internal memory can be repeated caxie by the eeprrom, be helpful f

23、or repeatting modify the program;(3) has the low consumption working methods and to be achieved off electrical automatic protection; (4) has strong anti-jamming, greatly improving the worthroyal external electromagnetic interference ability, so it is especially suitable for relatively tough in condi

24、tions under the poor conditions of the job.3.4 the use of lcdusing micro lcd display device, 1602lcd, its performance point is: working voltage only 4.5 5.5 v; very low power consumption (work currentonly 2.0 ma); and reliable work; small volume (can show 16 x 2 wordsoperators). its characters are d

25、isplayed by internal special displacement function of hd44780 dynamic core slice 4quasi ascii put into their number within department set into reservoir with deposit according to show and editor (ddram), inside the ministry accused of line of road will move will word from sheba operators preach send

26、 to show, implement. monolithic machine and the number of 1602lcd between general p0 into change had to enter line, resistance for p0 mouth r9 r2 the pull-up resistorssection 4 the software design of the control of systemthis recorder controlling software design adopts modular thought. according to

27、the function,w emake the controlling system software devide into two big modules: (1) adc0832 driver module, to control the collection of voltage signal;(2) 1602lcd driver module, show soil humidity. this system driver using clanguage design, its main program is as followsmain (void)unsigned int ad_

28、val;convert the value after theunsigned int int, dec;the converted the integer part and the decimal part/ / storage save a/d/ / points dont store in existencechangelcdinitiate ();/ / to be liquid crystal early beginning2)the production of clock when the clock points frequency device (after it can ha

29、ve to 4.5 mhz in turn when the change in a/d clock) turn change when idle is empty, the hold after a state in adcr is written to the start field immediately start 01 (conversion) or the selected edge appear in choice of signal sampling clock can immediately start. this feature can save power consump

30、tion. adc conversion clock computation formula is as followsfadc=fpck/（clkdiv+1）type: fpclk - core slice; when the clock set after clkdiv - points of adc conversion clock frequency.3) interrupted. when done bits is 1, a/d conversion module to vector interrupt controller (vic) issued an interrupt req

31、uest in the vicintenable vic, if bit8 (a/d conversion interrupts enabled bits) make can, then can produce the interruption. read addr will reset done bits. this paper mainly a/d acquisition c language driver section design is as follows:/* function: a/d acquisitionentrance parameters: ch_i/*void ad_

32、change(unsigned char ch_i)adc0r = (1 ch_i) | / / choose channels i carry a/d acquisition (fpclk / 1,000, 000-1) 8 | / / set convert clock(0 16)(0 19)| / / burst = 0, software control conversion operations| / / normal a/d acquisition modes(0 27);| / / decrease along the startup conversionad0dr; do =

33、/ / read take adc and fruit, and clear exceptdone mark bitswhile (1).section5 temperature measuring system of proteus software simulationto ensure system on the hardware and software system, reliable work the proteus software simulation. the basic process is first draw haotu 3 illustrates the simula

34、tionelectricity by road after keil soft thing, ed into the translation and born of dynamic soft thing ec flooding (files) : lpc2131 loaded. and proteus software environmentthe simulation results ( + 3v corresponding full amount 30kpa) the process design of the software and hardware the results show

35、that the system is correctto ensure that the design of the software and hardware of soil detector is correct this paper designs proteus soft thing into line imitation true. the base this process is first draw had made good figure 2 shows simulation circuit, keil software compiled by again and to cre

36、ate system driver ( *. wen pieces ) load: the monolithic machine, and will figure 2 virtual dc voltage signal generator set to 45mv. then the simulation of voltage: enlarge v0 = 48 x 0.045 = 2.16 v, soil relative humidity should be: rh = 2.16 by 100 = 45% rh. start the simulation can see 1602lcd in

37、figure 2the simulation results show that the 45.18% rh (for the calculation and existing tinyaccording to convert error). the results show that the system software and hardware design are right.section6 conclusionthis paper introduces some machine oxygen pressure detection adjustment system design o

38、f the software and hardware square method. this set with set in a project into a/d turn changing mould pieces of high sexual can lpc2131 chip, tell the plus special a/d acquisition chip, simplified the peripheral circuit design. the system design is simple in structure, reliable in trial has obtaine

39、d good effect.(1) this design using highly integrated humidity detector a/d conversion chip, scm and lcd module, greatly simplifying the hardware circuit and significantly reduce the size and cost of a circuit board.(2) electric pressure letter in adc0832, integrating core piece of work is really is

40、. ecthe most important premise, to ensure reliable of the analog signal collection, collection need before use integrated amp sensor signal amplifier.(3) the loam soil by small, measuring devices body product by pure degree is high and measured this very low, suitable to use of agricultural first pr

41、oduction line. (4) the system can shorten proteus simulation designing cycle, managing hardware investment. the simulation results show that the system design is correct, reliable operationsection 7 references1 孫余凱,吳鳴山,項(xiàng)綺明.集成運(yùn)算放大器實(shí)用電路識(shí)圖m.北京2 李贛平,邵惠鶴.基于 arm 的高精度智能流量變送器的設(shè)計(jì)j3 馮偉,白瑞林,李祥偉.基于 wince5.0 的數(shù)字

42、式觸摸屏驅(qū)動(dòng)程序的開(kāi)發(fā)j.自動(dòng)化儀表, 2009,9.4 張洪潤(rùn). 傳感器應(yīng)用設(shè)計(jì) 300 例（上冊(cè)）m.北京: 北京航空航天大學(xué)出版社, 2006.5 徐瑋. c51 單片機(jī)高效入門(mén)m. 北京: 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社, 2007.6 師寶山.基于 at89s51 的多參數(shù)氣體檢測(cè)儀的研制j.微計(jì)算機(jī)信息, 2007, 71.7 周堅(jiān).單片機(jī)輕松入門(mén)m.北京:北京航空航天大學(xué)出版社, 2004.基于 at89s51 單片機(jī)的微型土壤濕度檢測(cè)儀設(shè)計(jì)摘要： 為便于掌握土壤的濕度狀況， 設(shè)計(jì)了微型土壤濕度檢測(cè)儀。 其硬件系統(tǒng)包括信號(hào)放大電路、 a/d 轉(zhuǎn)換電路、 單片機(jī)、 微型液晶顯示器和報(bào)警電路等； 軟

43、件系統(tǒng)包括 a/d 轉(zhuǎn)換的驅(qū)動(dòng)程序 、 液晶驅(qū)動(dòng)程序兩個(gè)模塊。 基于 proteus 軟件平臺(tái)對(duì)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行了仿真， 結(jié)果表明系統(tǒng)的軟硬件設(shè)計(jì)正確，運(yùn)行可靠。關(guān)鍵詞： 土壤濕度； 檢測(cè)儀； 單片機(jī)； a/d 轉(zhuǎn)換； 仿真中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)： tp202文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼： a第一章引言農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)在我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中具有重要地位，為農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)提供及時(shí)、 可靠的技術(shù)服務(wù)已成為氣象部門(mén)的重要職責(zé)之一 。 隨著國(guó)家各級(jí)政府對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的日益重視，我單位也在服務(wù)農(nóng)業(yè)、 促進(jìn)農(nóng)民增收等方面開(kāi)展了許多研究 ，對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的各項(xiàng)問(wèn)題也進(jìn)行了廣泛調(diào)研.調(diào)研發(fā)現(xiàn)， 園藝栽培、溫室花卉、大棚蔬菜等的某些名貴品種，對(duì)土壤濕度有著極高的要求

44、，土壤濕度不當(dāng)時(shí)，不僅嚴(yán)重影響其正常生長(zhǎng)，甚至?xí)?dǎo)致種植品死亡，造成農(nóng)民的嚴(yán)重?fù)p失。為此，從事該類(lèi)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的農(nóng)民朋友非常需要一種成本低、體積小且檢測(cè)可靠的土壤濕度檢測(cè)儀，為水分供應(yīng)提供依據(jù)。為了解決以上問(wèn)題，我單位結(jié)合我區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)實(shí)際狀況，和有關(guān)單位專(zhuān)家共同設(shè)計(jì)了高精度 、低成本的微型土壤濕度檢測(cè)儀 。本文則詳細(xì)介紹了該檢測(cè)儀的測(cè)控電路和相關(guān)軟件流程。第二章系統(tǒng)的組成微型土壤檢測(cè)儀的信號(hào)處理系統(tǒng)包括土壤濕度傳感器、a/d 采集電路、單片機(jī)和微型液晶顯示器。其工作過(guò) 程 是 ：土 壤 濕 度 傳 感 器 將 濕 度 信 號(hào) 送 至 a/d 采 集 電路，經(jīng) a/d 轉(zhuǎn)換后，所得數(shù)字信號(hào)送入單片機(jī)

45、進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理，最后將處理結(jié)果發(fā)送到微型液晶顯示器顯示。第三章 系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì)3.1 電路的工作原理本文所選的ksc-6v集成相對(duì)濕度傳感器插入土壤后，等待約5s使傳感器充分接觸土壤后，信號(hào) vin 經(jīng)集成運(yùn)放 lm324 的同相輸入端。該傳感器的相對(duì)濕度 0%100%rh 時(shí)，其對(duì)應(yīng)的輸出為 0100mv1。根據(jù)集成運(yùn)放的同相比例放大增益：kf=r1+ rf =1+ 47 =48則放大后的輸出模擬信號(hào)電壓v0=48?vi，故輸出模擬信號(hào)電壓范圍為 04.8v。該模擬信號(hào)進(jìn)入a/d 轉(zhuǎn)換芯片的ch0 通道進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換處理，所 得到數(shù)字信號(hào)再送入單片機(jī) at89s51 進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理并由液晶顯示。3.2

46、 a/d 轉(zhuǎn)換芯片的選擇與控制原理本文選擇的 a/d 轉(zhuǎn)換芯片為 adc0832，該芯片為8引腳雙列直插式雙通道 a/d 轉(zhuǎn)換器，能分別對(duì)兩路模擬信號(hào)實(shí)現(xiàn) 模/數(shù) 轉(zhuǎn)換，可以用在單端輸入 方式和差分輸入方式下工作，其中di端進(jìn)行通道選 擇、數(shù)據(jù)采集和數(shù)據(jù)傳送2。adc0832的工作。根據(jù)協(xié)議，當(dāng)adc0832 未工作時(shí)，必須將片選端 cs 置于高電平，此時(shí)芯片禁用。當(dāng)要進(jìn)行a/d 轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)，應(yīng)將片選端cs置于低電平并保持到轉(zhuǎn)換結(jié)束。芯片開(kāi)始工作后，還需讓單片機(jī)向芯片的時(shí)鐘信 號(hào)輸入端 clk 輸入時(shí)鐘脈沖，在第一個(gè)時(shí)鐘脈沖的下沉之前 di 端必須是 高電平，表示起始信號(hào)。在第2、3個(gè)脈沖的下沉之

47、前di 端則應(yīng)輸入兩位數(shù)據(jù)用于選擇通道功能。通道受控情況如下： 當(dāng)di依次輸入1、0 時(shí)，只對(duì)ch0通道進(jìn)行單通道轉(zhuǎn)換；當(dāng)di依次輸入1、1 時(shí)，只對(duì)ch1通道進(jìn)行單通道轉(zhuǎn)換；當(dāng)di依次輸入0、0 時(shí)，將ch0作為正輸入端 “in+”，ch1作為負(fù)輸入端“in-”；當(dāng)di依次輸入 0、1 時(shí)，將ch0作為負(fù)輸入端“in-”，ch1作為正輸入端“in+”。在第 3 個(gè)脈沖下沉之后，di 端的輸入電平就失去輸入作用 ，此 后數(shù)據(jù) 輸出端do開(kāi)始輸出轉(zhuǎn)換后的數(shù)據(jù) 。在第4個(gè)脈沖的下降沿輸出轉(zhuǎn)換后數(shù)據(jù)的最高位，直到第11個(gè)脈沖下降沿輸出數(shù)據(jù)的最低位，至此 ，一個(gè)字節(jié)的數(shù)據(jù)輸出完成。正常情況下，adc0

48、832 與單片機(jī)的接口應(yīng)為4條數(shù)據(jù)線(xiàn)，分別是cs、clk、do、di。但由于 do 和 di兩個(gè)端口在通信時(shí)并未同時(shí)使用，而是先由di端口輸入兩位數(shù)據(jù)（0 或 1）來(lái)選擇通道控制，再由do端輸出數(shù)據(jù) 。因此，在i/o 口資源緊張時(shí)，可以將 do 和并聯(lián)在一根數(shù)據(jù)線(xiàn)上使用。3.3 單片機(jī)的選擇單片機(jī)是控制記錄儀工作的核心，經(jīng)過(guò)比較采用at89s51 型單片機(jī)。該型單片機(jī)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是3：該單片機(jī)與 8051 系列單片機(jī)完全兼 容 ，容易使用，且成本十分低廉；內(nèi)部存儲(chǔ)器采用可反復(fù)擦寫(xiě)的 eeprrom，有利于反復(fù)修改程序；具有低耗能工作方式和能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)掉電自動(dòng)保護(hù)； 具有較強(qiáng)的抗干擾性，大大提高了抵御外界的電磁干擾能力，所以特別適合在條件相對(duì)惡劣的條件下工作。3.4 液晶顯示器的使用顯示器件采用微型液晶顯示器 1602lcd，其性能特點(diǎn)是：工作電壓僅需 4.55.5v；功耗非常低（工作電流只有 2.0ma）；且工作可靠；體積?。娠@示 162 個(gè)字符）。其字符顯示功能由內(nèi)部專(zhuān)用的驅(qū)動(dòng)芯片hd447804準(zhǔn)ascii碼放入其內(nèi)部集成的數(shù)據(jù)顯示用存儲(chǔ)器（ddram），內(nèi)部控制線(xiàn) 路就會(huì)自動(dòng)將符傳送到顯示器上 。單片機(jī)和1602lcd之間的數(shù)據(jù)交換通過(guò)p0 進(jìn)行，電阻r2r9為p0口的上拉電阻。第四章 系統(tǒng)的控制軟件設(shè)計(jì)本記錄儀的控制軟件設(shè)計(jì)采用模塊化思想根