金融專業(yè)外文翻譯電子銀行的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理

1、外文翻譯原文risk management of e-banking activitiesmaterial source: university galati, economic science faculty author: virlanuta florina，moga liliana，ioan viorica1. e-banking riskse-banking is defined as the automated delivery of new and traditional banking products and services directly to customers thr

2、ough electronic, interactive communication channels. e-banking includes the systems that enable financial institution customers, individuals or businesses, to access accounts, transact business, or obtain information on financial products and services through a public or private network,including th

3、e internet or mobile phone. customers access e-banking services using an intelligent electronic device, such as a personal computer (pc), personal digital assistant (pda), automated teller machine(atm), kiosk, or touch tone telephone.in romania, over 23 banks implemented and offer now e-banking serv

4、ices. the continuous development of the supporting technology, information security and e-banking strategy reflects on the increasing number of the e-banking customers. according to communications and information technologies ministry, the number of e-banking users and the transactions performed in

5、this system, as well as the value of these transactions, registered a spectacular rising, displayed in the graphics below:yearindex2004200520062007e-banking customers18.25944.538100.799187.471transactions number1.968.1702.244.0673.546.5494.851.427transactions value (euro)7.911.987.70611.566.348.7202

6、0.510.170.66244.830.322.635source: communications and information technologies ministrywhile the risks and controls are similar for the various e-banking access channels, this essay focuses specifically on internet-based services due to the internets widely accessible public network accordingly, thi

7、s project begins with a discussion of the two primary types of internet websites: informational and transactional. informational websites provide customers access to general information about the financial institution and its products or services.risk issues examiners should consider when reviewing

8、informational websites include: potential access to confidential financial institution or customer information if the website is not properly isolated from the financial institutions internal network; potential liability for spreading viruses and other malicious code to computers communicating with

9、the institutions website; and negative public perception if the institutions on-line services are disrupted or if its website is defaced or otherwise presents inappropriate or offensive material.transactional websites provide customers with the ability to conduct transactions through the financial i

10、nstitutions website by initiating banking transactions or buying products and services. banking transactions can range from something as basic as a retail account balance inquiry to a large business-to business funds transfer. e-banking services, like those delivered through other delivery channels,

11、 are typically classified based on the type of customer they support. the following table lists some of the common retail and wholesale e-banking services offered by financial institutions.since transactional websites typically enable the electronic exchange of confidential customer information and

12、the transfer of funds, services provided through these websites expose a financial institution to higher risk than basic informational websites. wholesale e-banking systems typically expose financial institutions to the highest risk per transaction, since commercial transactions usually involve larg

13、er dollar amounts. in addition to the risk issues associated with informational websites, examiners reviewing transactional ebanking services should consider the following issues: security controls for safeguarding customer information; liability for unauthorized transactions; possible violations of

14、 laws or regulations pertaining to consumer privacy, anti-money laundering, anti-terrorism, or the content, timing, or delivery of required consumer disclosures.2. transaction risktransaction risk arises from fraud, processing errors, system disruptions, or other unanticipated events resulting in th

15、e institutions inability to deliver products or services. this risk exists in each product and service offered. the level of transaction risk is affected by the structure of the institutions processing environment, including the types of services offered and the complexity of the processes and suppo

16、rting technology.in most instances, e-banking activities will increase the complexity of the institutions activities and the quantity of its transaction/operations risk, especially if the institution is offering innovative services that have not been standardized. since customers expect e-banking se

17、rvices to be available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, financial institutions should ensure their e-banking infrastructures contain sufficient capacity and redundancy to ensure reliable service availability. even institutions that do not consider e-banking a critical financial service due to the avai

18、lability of alternate processing channels, should carefully consider customer expectations and the potential impact of service disruptions on customer satisfaction and loyalty.the key to controlling transaction risk lies in adapting effective polices, procedures, and controls to meet the new risk ex

19、posures introduced by e-banking. basic internal controls including segregation of duties, dual controls, and reconcilements remain important. information security controls, in particular, become more significant requiring additional processes, tools, expertise, and testing. institutions should deter

20、mine the appropriate level of security controls based on their assessment of the sensitivity of the information to the customer and to the institution and on the institutions established risk tolerance level.generally, a financial institutions credit risk is not increased by the mere fact that a loa

21、n is originated through an e-banking channel. however, management should consider additional precautions when originating and approving loans electronically, including assuring management information systems effectively track the performance of portfolios originated through e-banking channels. fundi

22、ng and investment-related risks could increase with an institutions e-banking initiatives depending on the volatility and pricing of the acquired deposits. the internet provides institutions with the ability to market their products and services globally. internet-based advertising programs can effe

23、ctively match yield-focused investors with potentially high-yielding deposits. but internet-originated deposits have the potential to attract customers who focus exclusively on rates and may provide a funding source with risk characteristics similar to brokered deposits. an institution can control t

24、his potential volatility and expanded geographic reach through its deposit contract and account opening practices, which might involve face-to face meetings or the exchange of paper correspondence.compliance and legal issues arise out of the rapid growth in usage of e-banking and the differences bet

25、ween electronic and paper-based processes. e-banking is a new delivery channel where the laws and rules governing the electronic delivery of certain financial institution products or services may be ambiguous or still evolving. laws governing consumer transactions require specific types of disclosur

26、es, notices, or record keeping requirements. these requirements also apply to e-banking, and banking agencies continue to update consumer laws and regulations to reflect the impact of e-banking and on-line customer relationships.institutions that offer e-banking services, both informational and tran

27、sactional, assume a higher level of compliance risk because of the changing nature of the technology, the speed at which errors can be replicated, and the frequency of regulatory changes to address e-banking issues. the potential for violations is further heightened by the need to ensure consistency

28、 between paper and electronic advertisements, disclosures, and notices.3. risk managemente-banking has unique characteristics that may increase an institutions overall risk profile and the level of risks associated with traditional financial services, particularly strategic, operational, legal, and

29、reputation risks. these unique e-banking characteristics include: speed of technological change, increased visibility of publicly accessible networks, less face-to-face interaction with financial institution customers. management should review each of the processes discussed in this section to adapt

30、 and expand the institutions risk management practices as necessary to address the risks posed by e-banking activities.financial institution management should choose the level of e-banking services provided to various customer segments based on customer needs and the institutions risk assessment con

31、siderations. institutions should reach this decision through a board-approved, e-banking strategy that considers factors such as customer demand, competition, expertise, implementation expense, maintenance costs, and capital support. some institutions may choose not to provide e-banking services or

32、to limit e-banking services to an informational website.financial institutions should periodically re-evaluate this decision to ensure it remains appropriate for the institutions overall business strategy. institutions may define success in many ways including growth in market share, expanding custo

33、mer relationships, expense reduction, or new revenue generation. if the financial institution determines that a transactional website is appropriate, the next decision is the range of products and services to make available electronically to its customers. to deliver those products and services, the

34、 financial institution may have more than one website or multiple pages within a website for various business lines.financial institutions should base any decision to implement e-banking products and services on a thorough analysis of the costs and benefits associated with such action. some of the r

35、easons institutions offer e-banking services include: lower operating costs, increased customer demand for services, and new revenue opportunities.the individuals conducting the cost-benefit analysis should clearly understand the risks associated with ebanking so that cost considerations fully incor

36、porate appropriate risk mitigation controls. without such expertise, the cost-benefit analysis will most likely underestimate the time and resources needed to properly oversee e-banking activities, particularly the level of technical expertise needed to provide competent oversight of in-house or out

37、sourced activities.security threats can affect a financial institution through numerous vulnerabilities. no single control or security device can adequately protect a system connected to a public network. effective information security comes only from establishing layers of various control, monitori

38、ng, and testing methods. while the details of any control and the effectiveness of risk mitigation depend on many factors, in general, each financial institution with external connectivity should ensure the following controls exist internally or at their tsp.conclusionsa financial institutions board

39、 and management should understand the risks associated with e-banking services and evaluate the resulting risk management costs against the potential return on investment prior to offering e-banking services. poor e-banking planning and investment decisions can increase a financial institutions stra

40、tegic risk. early adopters of new e-banking services can establish themselves as innovators who anticipate the needs of their customers, but may do so by incurring higher costs and increased complexity in their operations. conversely, late adopters may be able to avoid the higher expense and added c

41、omplexity, but do so at the risk of not meeting customer demand for additional products and services. in managing the strategic risk associated with e-banking services, financial institutions should develop clearly defined e-banking objectives by which the institution can evaluate the success of its

42、 ebanking strategy.譯文電子銀行的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理資料來源:加拉茨大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)科學(xué)系作者：virlanuta florina，moga liliana，ioan viorica1風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理的電子銀行業(yè)務(wù)電子銀行定義為將傳統(tǒng)銀行產(chǎn)品通過電子渠道，并直接向客戶提供互動(dòng)服務(wù)的的新的自動(dòng)交付服務(wù)。電子銀行系統(tǒng)指金融機(jī)構(gòu)客戶，個(gè)人或企業(yè)，可以通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)或手機(jī)訪問帳戶，辦理業(yè)務(wù)，或通過公共或?qū)Ｓ镁W(wǎng)絡(luò)上獲得的金融產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的信息?？蛻敉ㄟ^使用智能電子設(shè)備，如個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)（pc），個(gè)人數(shù)字助理（pda），自動(dòng)取款機(jī)（atm），或按鍵式電話機(jī)來獲得服務(wù)。在羅馬尼亞，超過23家銀行在實(shí)施，并提供電子銀行服務(wù)。越

43、來越多的電子銀行客戶對(duì)電子銀行的配套技術(shù)，信息安全和電子銀行戰(zhàn)略提出要求，根據(jù)通信和信息技術(shù)部顯示，以下圖形顯示了電子銀行用戶、本系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行的交易數(shù)量以及這些交易的價(jià)值都呈上升趨勢(shì)：年指數(shù)2004200520062007電子銀行客戶18.25944.538100.799187.471交易數(shù)量1.968.1702.244.0673.546.5494.851.427交易價(jià)值7.911.987.70611.566.348.72020.510.170.66244.830.322.635來源：通信與信息技術(shù)部盡管風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和控制在各種電子銀行渠道是類似，本文特別側(cè)重于基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的服務(wù)的廣泛使用的公共網(wǎng)絡(luò)。因此，

44、該項(xiàng)目首先對(duì)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)網(wǎng)站的兩個(gè)主要類型的討論：信息和交易。信息網(wǎng)站為客戶提供有關(guān)金融機(jī)構(gòu)及其產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的一般資料?？紤]風(fēng)險(xiǎn)問題時(shí)，應(yīng)該考慮并檢討的資訊網(wǎng)站包括：如果該網(wǎng)站不是金融機(jī)構(gòu)的內(nèi)部網(wǎng)絡(luò)，可能獲得金融機(jī)構(gòu)或客戶機(jī)密信息；潛在存在對(duì)機(jī)構(gòu)的網(wǎng)站傳播病毒的網(wǎng)站；如果該機(jī)構(gòu)的在線服務(wù)被破壞或以其他方式提出不適當(dāng)或攻擊性材料使公眾產(chǎn)生負(fù)面看法。事務(wù)性網(wǎng)站通過金融機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行的網(wǎng)站發(fā)起銀行交易或購買產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)交易為客戶提供服務(wù)。銀行交易的范圍可以從基本零售帳戶到一個(gè)大型企業(yè)，對(duì)企業(yè)資金進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)移。電子銀行服務(wù)，如通過其他交易渠道通?；诳蛻舻念愋瓦M(jìn)行分類的。下表列出了電子銀行金融機(jī)構(gòu)為零售和批發(fā)提供的服務(wù)。

45、 由于交易的網(wǎng)站通常是客戶機(jī)密信息的電子交換和資金的轉(zhuǎn)移，因此，通過這些網(wǎng)站提供的服務(wù)的金融機(jī)構(gòu)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高于基本信息網(wǎng)站的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。由于批發(fā)電子銀行系統(tǒng)的商業(yè)交易往往涉及較大的美元數(shù)額，因此，它揭露金融機(jī)構(gòu)交易的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最高。除了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)信息網(wǎng)站，電子銀行交易服務(wù)審查應(yīng)考慮以下的相關(guān)問題： 安全控制，維護(hù)客戶信息； 未經(jīng)授權(quán)交易的法律責(zé)任；有關(guān)的法律或法規(guī)可能違反消費(fèi)者隱私，反洗錢，反恐怖主義，或內(nèi)容，時(shí)間，或要求應(yīng)向客戶披露信息。2 交易風(fēng)險(xiǎn)交易風(fēng)險(xiǎn)來自詐騙，錯(cuò)誤程序，系統(tǒng)中斷，或其他機(jī)構(gòu)的不能交付產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)而導(dǎo)致無法預(yù)料的事件，這種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)主要存在于每一種產(chǎn)品和提供服務(wù)。該機(jī)構(gòu)的處理環(huán)境的結(jié)構(gòu)影響了交易風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的

46、水平，包括所提供的服務(wù)種類、流程以及配套技術(shù)的復(fù)雜性。在大多數(shù)情況下，電子銀行業(yè)務(wù)將增加該機(jī)構(gòu)的活動(dòng)的復(fù)雜性和它的交易/業(yè)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的數(shù)量，特別是如果該機(jī)構(gòu)提供的不規(guī)范的創(chuàng)新服務(wù)。由于客戶希望網(wǎng)上銀行服務(wù)可提供24小時(shí)全天候及每周7天的服務(wù)，金融機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)確保其電子銀行基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施具有足夠的容量和冗余，以確保服務(wù)的可用性。即使不考慮機(jī)構(gòu)的電子銀行金融服務(wù)的替代加工供應(yīng)渠道，但應(yīng)認(rèn)真考慮客戶的期望和服務(wù)中斷對(duì)客戶滿意度和忠誠度的潛在影響。對(duì)交易風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制的關(guān)鍵在于有效的適應(yīng)政策，程序和控制，以滿足新風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的網(wǎng)上銀行介紹。其基本的內(nèi)部控制，包括職責(zé)，雙重控制隔離仍然是重要的。特別是信息安全控制，在額外的程序，工具，專業(yè)技術(shù)和測(cè)試變的越來越重要。機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)該對(duì)信息的敏感度的客戶制定適當(dāng)?shù)陌踩?jí)別管制以及評(píng)估該機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)立風(fēng)險(xiǎn)承受能力的基礎(chǔ)。一般來說，金融機(jī)構(gòu)的信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加貸款是通過電子銀行渠道起源的事實(shí)。然而，管理層應(yīng)該考慮在管理信息系統(tǒng)采取額外預(yù)防措施，包括通過電子銀行渠道發(fā)起的投資組合有效地跟蹤，以確保其具