公路工程監(jiān)理員培訓(xùn)——進(jìn)度小抄

1、工期縮短，費(fèi)用增加施工組織主要研究對象是：施工過程中的時(shí)間問題、空間問題、資源問題（勞動(dòng)力、材料、機(jī)具設(shè)備）、經(jīng)濟(jì)問題公路施工過程的組織原則：連續(xù)性原則、協(xié)調(diào)性原則、均衡性原則、經(jīng)濟(jì)性原則流水作業(yè)的特點(diǎn)：工程工期適中、工作面可充分利用，專業(yè)隊(duì)施工連續(xù)、資源用量均衡。進(jìn)度監(jiān)理基本方法：橫道圖法、工程進(jìn)度曲線、進(jìn)度管理曲線、斜條圖法、網(wǎng)絡(luò)計(jì)劃圖法時(shí)間參數(shù)分類，分為：控制性時(shí)間參數(shù)、協(xié)調(diào)性時(shí)間參數(shù)。開始或完成時(shí)間均以（單位時(shí)間終了時(shí)刻）為計(jì)算標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工作的總時(shí)差：工作的總時(shí)差tf，是指在不影響任何一項(xiàng)緊后工作的最遲必須開工時(shí)間的條件下，工作所擁有的最大機(jī)動(dòng)時(shí)間。如果工作的總時(shí)差tf=0，則工作為無任何機(jī)

2、動(dòng)時(shí)間可供使用的關(guān)鍵時(shí)間。工作的局部時(shí)差ff（自由時(shí)差），是在不影響任何一項(xiàng)緊后工作最早可能開始時(shí)間的條件下，本工作所具有的最大機(jī)動(dòng)時(shí)間。緊后節(jié)點(diǎn)為關(guān)鍵時(shí)，ff=tf使用工作的局部時(shí)差，對緊后工作的最早可能開始時(shí)間沒有任何影響。連接關(guān)鍵工作自始至終的線路就是關(guān)鍵線路（連接注意：前后兩關(guān)鍵工作有無時(shí)間間隔，若有，則不能連）k的意義是每縮短單位時(shí)間（一天）直接成本（費(fèi)用）的變化率總成本（費(fèi)用）最低時(shí)對應(yīng)的時(shí)間就是網(wǎng)路計(jì)劃的最優(yōu)工期承包人提供的工程總體進(jìn)度計(jì)劃應(yīng)反映什么內(nèi)容：項(xiàng)目的合同工期（2）完成個(gè)單位工程及各施工階段所需要的工期、最早開始和最晚完成時(shí)間（3）各單位工程及各施工階段需要完成的工程量

3、及現(xiàn)金流動(dòng)估算（4）各單位工程及各施工階段所需配備的人力和機(jī)械數(shù)量（5）各單位工程或分部工程的施工方案和施工方法等。實(shí)際進(jìn)度前鋒先是網(wǎng)路計(jì)劃技術(shù)中用時(shí)標(biāo)網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖的形式動(dòng)態(tài)發(fā)硬工程實(shí)際進(jìn)度，是工程施工動(dòng)態(tài)管理的科學(xué)方法。實(shí)際進(jìn)度前鋒線是指計(jì)劃實(shí)施工程中某一時(shí)刻正在施工的各工作實(shí)際進(jìn)度到達(dá)的連線。實(shí)際進(jìn)度前鋒線的標(biāo)定方法：（1）按已完成的實(shí)際工程量標(biāo)定（2）按尚需時(shí)間來標(biāo)定工作發(fā)生延誤有兩種可能：（1）開工延誤（2）工作持續(xù)時(shí)間增長關(guān)鍵線路的特性：（1）cp是有關(guān)工作路構(gòu)成的線路（2）cp是網(wǎng)路圖中最長的線路（3）cp可能有多條（4）cp是決定總工期的線路（5）延長cp工期肯定延長（6）縮短cp工期

4、可能縮短（7）cp隨工期的壓縮會(huì)發(fā)生變化和轉(zhuǎn)移（8）關(guān)于非關(guān)鍵線路非關(guān)鍵線序的總時(shí)差用完，則會(huì)變成cp非關(guān)鍵線路的總時(shí)差用“過頭”，則原關(guān)鍵線就會(huì)變成非關(guān)鍵線。直接費(fèi)用的優(yōu)化原則：（1）必須壓縮關(guān)鍵工作的持續(xù)時(shí)間（2）應(yīng)按大值從小到大的順序進(jìn)行壓縮（3）壓縮應(yīng)以最短工期為限（4）要遵循關(guān)鍵線路壓縮以后仍舊為關(guān)鍵線路的原則（5）壓縮以“緊縮關(guān)鍵線路”為限的原則；壓縮關(guān)鍵工作時(shí)間要注意的因素：（1）對質(zhì)量、安全不產(chǎn)生影響的工作（2）費(fèi)用增加最小的工作（3）有充足備用資源的工作（4）技術(shù)上容易實(shí)現(xiàn)的工作（5）持續(xù)時(shí)間較長，可以壓縮天數(shù)多的工作；實(shí)際進(jìn)度前鋒線的功能：（1）描述進(jìn)度（2）預(yù)測進(jìn)度（3）

5、管理進(jìn)度網(wǎng)路計(jì)劃追求的是最短工期；流水作業(yè)追求的是流水作業(yè)；工期計(jì)算方法：（1）時(shí)參計(jì)算法（et）（2）計(jì)算關(guān)鍵線路長度winger tuivasa-sheck, who scored two tries in the kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over england, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against

6、usa.both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but australia have not conceded a try since josh charnleys effort in their first pool match against england on the opening day.aussie winger jarryd hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by tuivasa-sheck with

7、eight.but it is recently named rugby league international federation player of the year sonny bill williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.the kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the world cup in both rugby leag

8、ue and rugby union after triumphing with the all blacks in 2011.id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend, said williams.the (lack of) air up there watch mcayman islands-based webb, the head of fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in london for the football associat

9、ions 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend citys premier league match at chelsea on sunday.i am going to be at the match tomorrow and i have asked to meet yaya toure, he told bbc sport.for me its about how he felt and i would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.ue

10、fa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against cskafor the racist behaviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 win.michel platini, president of european footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.cska said they were surprised and disappointed by toures

11、complaint. in a statement the russian side added: we found no racist insults from fans of cska. baumgartner the disappointing news: mission aborted.the supersonic descent could happen as early as sunda.the weather plays an important role in this mission. starting at the ground, conditions have to be

12、 very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. it will climb higher than the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8

13、.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. as he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.the balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet

14、 ( then, i would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an olympic diving platform.they blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the kiwis in manchester.five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far histor

15、y has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by englands josh charnley in the opening game of the tournament.that could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but i have been impressed by the kangaroos focus in their games since then.they have been concentrating on the

16、 sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. theyve been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates.it is as though their entire tournament has been preparation for the final.in johnathan thurston, cooper cronk, cameron smith and either billy slater or greg inglis at full-back they have a spine that is unmatched in rugby league. they have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless asset going into saturday