冬季大棚管理措施

1、冬季大棚管理措施2011-11-18 10:44:00來源：甘肅農(nóng)民報一、遭遇嚴寒寒流侵襲 易給深冬大棚蔬菜造成嚴重損害，遭遇嚴寒時可采取以下方法應急，一是多層覆蓋，可在草苫上再蓋一層薄膜，也可在棚內(nèi)再套棚，以增加保溫效果；二是提早在棚外挖防寒溝，可提高棚內(nèi)溫度23度，另外要特別注意在寒流來臨前，噴一遍藥物防凍害。不要大澆水，冬天水溫太低，澆后遇到寒流變天時如棚中不見光，棚溫低，地溫難以恢復，會造成蔬菜爛根，死棵或漚根和導致各種病害的流行蔓延。二、遇到連陰時 若遇到連陰天氣，只要溫度不是太低，就要揭開草簾。若有短時間露出太陽，棚室內(nèi)溫度就會升高。在溫室內(nèi)后墻上張掛反光幕，陰天時也會起到增光和提

2、溫的作用。冬季陰天較多時應提早覆蓋地膜，能提高地溫，減少低溫凍害的發(fā)生。冬季溫室內(nèi)的溫度要保持在12以上，溫度過低時，可采取電力加熱、煤爐加熱等增溫措施。待添加的隱藏文字內(nèi)容3三、遇到降雪天氣時 白天下雪時不必蓋草苫，雪停后立即掃去棚上的積雪，下午蓋苫后，再在草苫上蓋一層薄膜以加強保溫。夜間降雪翌日雪停后要及時掃雪，保持草苫干燥，溫度許可時要及時使秧苗見光。連續(xù)陰雪天氣后驟然轉(zhuǎn)晴，應先間隔拉苫或先拉開三分之一，并注意觀察秧苗變化，發(fā)現(xiàn)萎蔫，立即將草苫蓋好，恢復后再拉開，以防閃棚。若已造成萎蔫，應立即在葉片噴灑壯苗靈緩解，以關(guān)閉葉片氣孔，使蔬菜蒸騰作用減弱，有利于植株快速改變萎蔫狀態(tài)，恢復正常。

3、四、受凍后的補救 一是棚菜受凍后，不能立即閉棚升溫，要使棚內(nèi)溫度緩慢上升，避免因溫度急驟上升而使蔬菜受凍組織壞死。二是及時剪去受凍的莖葉和果實，以免組織發(fā)霉病變，引發(fā)病害。三是可用藥物噴灑，確保快速康復。五、病蟲危害的應急措施 大棚西紅柿容易發(fā)生疫病和灰霉病，原因是長時間的低溫，蔬菜長勢減弱，抗性降低，病蟲害容易發(fā)生。應早期發(fā)現(xiàn)、早期預防。霜霉病和疫病用72%克霜氰、64%殺毒礬800倍噴霧；灰霉病用50%撲海因、施美特或速克靈600倍噴霧，每隔7天10天防治一次。預防病害發(fā)生還要葉面噴施植物生長調(diào)節(jié)劑，增強植株抗寒抗病能力。如遇陰天，盡量采用煙劑或粉塵進行防病，以減小棚內(nèi)濕度，避免病害發(fā)生。

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