發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)造、性能及原理詞匯匯編手冊術(shù)語說明

1、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)造、性能及原理詞匯匯編手冊東風(fēng)朝陽柴油機(jī)有限責(zé)任公司地址：中國遼寧朝陽市黃河三路段51號 編輯： 寧鳳春審核： 趙海港 馮朝錄校對： 許陽 劉兆雨 劉彬 王俊Engine configuration, performance & principle glossary manualDongfeng Chaoyang Diesel Co.,LtdAdd: No.51, Sec.3, Huanghe Road Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province, ChinaEditor: Ning FengchunApproval: Zhao Haigang Feng Zhao

2、luCheck: Xu Yang Liu Zhaoyu Liu Bin Wang Jun前 言根據(jù)企業(yè)發(fā)展的需要，也為了滿足員工的學(xué)習(xí)欲望，特編此手冊。此手冊共分四大部分, 第一部分為發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)造詞匯,也就是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)主要零部件的詞匯; 第二部分為發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)原理和性能方面的詞匯; 第三部分為發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)相關(guān)的英英詞匯部分，主要介紹發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)排放、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方面的術(shù)語，是專業(yè)人員在實(shí)際工作中經(jīng)常使用的詞匯；第四部分以CY4102國三產(chǎn)品為基礎(chǔ)的零部件目錄圖冊；其中第一、二、三部分都按照字母順序進(jìn)行的分類，第四部分按照發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的結(jié)合組進(jìn)行的分類；第一和第二部分是員工應(yīng)知應(yīng)會的，第三部分是供專業(yè)人員學(xué)習(xí)和參考，第四部分為專業(yè)人

3、員應(yīng)該掌握的詞匯（詳見目錄）。ForewordThis manual is specially prepared to meet DCD workers and staffs learning desire under the requirements of enterprise development. The manual including four sections, Section I is the words for engine configuration，which are the words of engine spare parts, Section II is the w

4、ords for engine principle and performance, Section III is English-English words and expressions related to engine emission and emission standards ,of which the words are often used by professional staffs in practical work, Section IV is Model CY4102 EURO III diesel engine spare parts catalogue. Of w

5、hich in Section I , Section II and Section III as well are classified according to alphabet order, Section IV is classified by the combining assembly, Section I and Section II are the contents that staffs must learn, Section III is content that professional staffs have to learn as well as being for

6、reference. Section IV is the content that professional staffs should grasp (Please see contents).目 錄 第一部分 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)造詞匯 第二部分 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的原理和性能詞匯第三部分 英英詞匯部分第四部分 4102國三產(chǎn)品零部件目錄圖冊Content Section I The words for engine configuration Section II The words for engine principle & performanceSection III English- English wo

7、rds and expressionsSection IV Model CY4102 EURO III diesel engine spare parts catalogueSection I The words for engine configurationAAir compressor assembly 壓氣泵總成Air compressor oil inlet pipe assembly 壓氣泵進(jìn)油管總成Air compressor water inlet pipe assembly 進(jìn)水管總成Air compressor water return pipe assembly壓氣泵回水

8、管總成Air conditioning compressor空調(diào)壓縮機(jī)Air compressor bracket 空壓機(jī)支架Air compressor gasket 壓氣泵墊Air heater空氣加熱器Air inlet tie-in進(jìn)氣接頭Air intake tempreture, pressure sensor 進(jìn)氣溫度、壓力傳感器Air intake connection 進(jìn)氣接管 BBelt pulley connector 皮帶輪接盤 Belt tension pulley assembly 張緊輪總成 Belt tension puplley bracket 張緊輪支架CC

9、amshaft gear凸輪軸齒輪Camshaft rear end oil sealing plate 凸輪軸后端堵片Camshaft thrust plate凸輪軸止推片Camshaft凸輪軸Camshaft bush 凸輪軸襯套Crankshaft front oil seal unit 曲軸前油封結(jié)合部Central main bearing 中央主軸瓦 Connecting rod bearing 連桿瓦Connecting rod assembly連桿結(jié)合部Connecting rod bolt連桿螺栓Connecting rod bushing連桿襯套Connecting rod

10、 body連桿體Cylinder head cover 缸蓋罩 Crankshaft gear曲軸齒輪Crankshaft rear oil seal 曲軸后油封 Crankshaft thrust plate(lower)曲軸下止推片Crankshaft thrust plate(upper)曲軸上止推片Crankshaft 曲軸 Cylinder Block Unit機(jī)體結(jié)合部Cylinder block機(jī)體Cylinder head bolt缸蓋螺栓Cylinder head gasket氣缸蓋墊Cylinder head unit氣缸蓋結(jié)合部Cylinder water jacket

11、sealing cup機(jī)體水套碗形塞Cylinder liner氣缸套Cylinder head cover breather pipe 缸蓋罩出氣管DDamper pulley nut 減振器緊固螺母 Damper pulley unit減震器結(jié)合部Dipstick sleeve unit 油尺套結(jié)合部 Dipstck assembly 油尺總成 Driven gear shaft 從動(dòng)齒輪軸 Drive gear shaft r主動(dòng)齒輪軸EExhaust valve 排氣門 Engine rear lifting lug 后吊耳 Exhaust bent pipe排氣彎管Exhaust m

12、anifold 排氣管Exhaust valve rocker arm assembly 排氣門搖臂總成 Exhaust valve seat ring 排氣門座圈 Exhaust manifod washer 排氣管墊 FFan assembly風(fēng)扇總成Fan pad 風(fēng)扇墊塊First compression ring 第一氣環(huán) Flywheel housing飛輪殼Flywheel unit飛輪結(jié)合部Flywheel housing dust resistant unit 飛輪殼擋塵板結(jié)合部Front suspension left support 前懸置左支架Front suspens

13、ion right support 前懸置右支架Fuel injection pump assembly噴油泵總成Fuel return pipe assembly回油管總成Fuel return pipe connector回油管接座Fuel delivery pump inlet pipe assembly 輸油泵進(jìn)油管總成 Fuel filter assembly 柴油濾清器總成 Fuel filter can assembly 柴油濾清器罐總成 Front rocker arm seat unit 前搖臂座結(jié)合部Front rocker arm seat r前搖臂座GGear cham

14、ber 齒輪室Gear chamber cover gasket 齒輪室蓋墊 Gear chamber cover齒輪室蓋Generator Assembly發(fā)電機(jī)Generator pivot發(fā)電機(jī)支軸Generator supporting frame發(fā)電機(jī)支架Generator supporting plate發(fā)電機(jī)支板Ground cable assembly 搭鐵線總成HHigh pressure fuel pipe assembly 高壓油管總成IIdler shaft惰輪軸Idler unit惰輪結(jié)合部Injector assembly噴油器總成Injector sleeve 噴

15、油器套筒Intake valve seat ring 進(jìn)氣門座圈 Injection pump connector gasket 噴油泵連接盤墊Injection pump connector 噴油泵連接盤Injection pump fuel inlet pipe assembly油泵進(jìn)油管總成Injector press plate 噴油器壓板Intake manifold 進(jìn)氣管Intake valve 進(jìn)氣門Intake valve rocker arm unit 進(jìn)氣門搖臂結(jié)合部Injection pump lubrication pipe connector 噴油泵潤滑油管接頭In

16、jection pump gear高壓泵齒輪LLocating sleeve定位套Low oil pressure warner connection seat 油壓過低報(bào)警器接座Low oil pressure warner 油壓過低報(bào)警器 MMain bearing cap bolt 主軸承螺栓Main bearing 主軸瓦 Main oil gallery end sealing screw plug 主油道端螺塞Main bearing cap主軸承蓋 Main oil gallery pressure maintaining valve unit 主油道穩(wěn)壓閥結(jié)合部Middle r

17、ocker arm seat 中間搖臂座 NNo.4 main bearing cap 第四主軸承蓋Nozzle combination 噴嘴焊合件O Oil drain screw plug 放油螺塞 Oil drain connector 放油接頭 Oil cooler element 機(jī)油冷卻器芯 Oil cooler cover 機(jī)油冷卻器蓋Oil cooler gasket 機(jī)油冷卻器墊Oil filter assembly 機(jī)油濾清器總成Oil filter can assembly 機(jī)油濾清器罐總成 Oil filter seat 旋裝機(jī)濾座Oil injector assemb

18、ly噴油器總成Oil inlet adapter 進(jìn)油接頭Oil pipe unit機(jī)油管結(jié)合部 Oil pump driven gear bushing 機(jī)油泵從動(dòng)齒輪襯套 Oil pump driven gear 機(jī)油泵從動(dòng)齒輪Oil pan gasket 油底殼墊 Oil Sump油底殼Oil thrower disk甩油盤Oil suction pipe unit 吸油管結(jié)合部Oil pan (sump) unit 油底殼結(jié)合部 Oil return pipe 回油管 Oil pump drive gear 機(jī)油泵主動(dòng)齒輪Oil pump assembly 機(jī)油泵總成Oil coole

19、r assembly機(jī)油冷卻器總成 Oil pump body 機(jī)油泵體Oil pump drive gear 機(jī)油泵傳動(dòng)齒輪Oil filler plug 加油口蓋Oil suction pipe unit 吸油管焊合件 pPermanent magnet piece永久磁鐵片Piston cooling nozzle unit 活塞冷卻噴嘴結(jié)合組Piston pin活塞銷Piston活塞Piston oil ring 油環(huán) Push rod unit 推桿結(jié)合部 Power steering pump動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向泵總成Pressure adjusting spring調(diào)壓彈簧Pump-rail

20、 high pressure fuel pipe Assembly泵-軌高壓油管總成Pressure adjusting spring seat 調(diào)壓彈簧座 Pressure adjusting spring seat 調(diào)壓彈簧座RRail assembly軌道總成Rear oil seal seat后油封座Rear rocker arm seat 后搖臂座Respirator air admission hose呼吸器進(jìn)氣膠管Respirator body unit呼吸器體總成Respirator clip呼吸器卡子Respirator filter element assembly呼吸器濾

21、芯總成Respirator oil return hose呼吸器回油膠管Respirator supporting plate呼吸器支板Return water connection seat 回水接座Rocker arm shaft 搖臂軸Rocker cover assembly搖臂室罩總成Rocker arm pin Assembly搖臂銷結(jié)合部Rocker arm shaft unit搖臂軸結(jié)合部SSealing plate堵片Speed sensor轉(zhuǎn)速傳感器Starter起動(dòng)機(jī)TTappet挺柱Thermostat unit 節(jié)溫器結(jié)合部Thermostat water outle

22、t pipe unit 節(jié)溫器出水管結(jié)合部Thermostat seat 節(jié)溫器座Thermostat cover gasket 節(jié)溫器蓋墊Thermostat water outlet pipe combination gasket 節(jié)溫器出水管結(jié)合部墊Turbocharger oil return pipe seat gasket 增壓器回油接座墊Thermostat seat gasket 節(jié)溫器座墊Turbocharger assembly 增壓器總成Turbocharger oil inlet pipe unit增壓器進(jìn)油管結(jié)合部Turbocharger oil return pip

23、e unit增壓器回油管結(jié)合部Thermostat cover 節(jié)溫器蓋VValve clearance adjusting screw 氣門調(diào)整螺釘Valve guide seal unit 氣門密封套結(jié)合部 Valve collet 氣門鎖夾 Valve guide 氣門導(dǎo)管Valve spring 氣門彈簧 Valve spring seat washer 氣門彈簧墊圈 WWarm-air switch unit 暖風(fēng)開關(guān)結(jié)合部Water drain valve linkage放水閥扳桿Water drain valve connection放水閥接座Water drain valve

24、unit放水閥結(jié)合部Water outlet hose 出水膠管Water pump outlet hose水泵出水接管Water temperature sensor 水溫傳感器Water temperature sensor 水溫傳感器Water pump inlet pipe gasket 水泵進(jìn)水接管墊Water pump inlet pipe 水泵進(jìn)水接管 Water pump fan belt pulley 水泵皮帶輪Wtater pump impeller 水泵葉輪Water pump body 水泵體Section II words for engine principle &

25、performanceAABDC (after bottom dead center) 下止點(diǎn)后Acceleration performance 加速性能Acceptance test 驗(yàn)收試驗(yàn)Adaptive coefficient適應(yīng)性系BBack pressure 背壓發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)曲軸箱內(nèi)積累的多余壓力；排氣系統(tǒng)阻力。BBDC (before bottom dead center)上止點(diǎn)后下止點(diǎn)前 Bench test臺架試驗(yàn)Black smoke黑煙Blue smoke藍(lán)煙BTDC (before top dead center)上止點(diǎn)前 CCentrifugal inertia force

26、離心慣性力Charging stroke/Intake stroke充氣行程Combustion chamber volume燃燒室容積Compression ignition engine 壓燃式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)Compression ratio壓縮比 Compression stroke 壓縮沖程Compression test壓縮測試控制起動(dòng)階段氣缸所能產(chǎn)生壓力的一種測量方式。Compression ratio 壓縮比: 是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)中一個(gè)非常重要的概念，壓縮比表示了氣體的壓縮程度，它是氣體壓縮前的容積與氣體壓縮后的容積之比值，即氣缸總?cè)莘e與燃燒室容積之比稱為壓縮比。一般用表示。 Constant p

27、ressure cycle工作循環(huán)等壓循環(huán)理想循環(huán) ideal cycleControlled combustion system控制燃燒系統(tǒng)Conversion factor換算系數(shù)Cooling system 冷卻系統(tǒng)散熱器、軟管、暖風(fēng)散熱器芯和冷卻水套，帶走發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)熱量并散發(fā)到周圍空氣中。 Correction factor校正系數(shù)Cylinder balance 氣缸平衡一種動(dòng)態(tài)測試，每次使一個(gè)氣缸不工作，比較各缸的動(dòng)力損失，精確確定工作差的氣缸。Cylinder bore缸徑Cylinder leakage test氣缸泄漏測試當(dāng)活塞在上止點(diǎn)位置，氣門關(guān)閉時(shí)，確定氣缸密封好壞的一種測試

28、。DDead centerDeclared working condition額定工況Delivery test出廠試驗(yàn)Diesel cycle狄塞爾循環(huán)Diesel smoke柴油機(jī)排煙Direct injection engine直接噴射式柴油機(jī) Down stroke下行程 Drivability problem動(dòng)力性故障發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)或變速器控制系統(tǒng)內(nèi)遇到的故障。Drivability 動(dòng)力性指駕駛員可能遇到的任何發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)或變速器控制系統(tǒng)故障。Durability test耐久性試驗(yàn)Dwell 閉合角觸電閉合時(shí)分電器軸轉(zhuǎn)過的角度。EExcessive air coefficien

29、t 過量空氣系數(shù)Economic speed經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)速Effective thermal efficiency有效熱效率EGR system排氣再循環(huán)系EGR valve 廢氣再循環(huán)閥輕巡航狀態(tài)一種計(jì)量進(jìn)入進(jìn)氣歧管內(nèi)降低燃燒室溫度和減少氮氧化物生成的少量廢氣的種閥。 EGR 廢氣再循環(huán)閥輕巡航狀態(tài)一種計(jì)量進(jìn)入進(jìn)氣歧管內(nèi)降低燃燒室溫度和減少氮氧化物生成的少量廢氣的一種閥。 Electronic control電子控制電氣或電子操縱的一種控制裝置。Emission control 排放控制裝置直接或間接負(fù)責(zé)降低有害排放的部件。 Emission control排放控制排放測試是在汽車上進(jìn)行的測試，判

30、斷排氣尾管排放、曲軸箱排放和蒸發(fā)排放與聯(lián)邦政府標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相比如何。 Emission performance 排放性能 Emission test 排放測試使用標(biāo)定過的設(shè)備判斷釋放到大氣中的排放量。Emission 排放排放到大氣中的有害或無害產(chǎn)品。排放一般認(rèn)為是有害的。 Engine displacement 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)排量: 多缸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)各氣缸工作容積的總和，稱為發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)排量。一般用VL表示：Engine displacement發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)排量Engine management system發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)管理系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測、調(diào)整和調(diào)節(jié)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)性能與狀況的電子系統(tǒng)。Engine performance發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)性能Engine

31、speed (rotational frequency) 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速Engine technical requirements發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)技術(shù)要求Engine test bed發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)試驗(yàn)臺Engine test procedure發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)試驗(yàn)規(guī)程Engine test發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)試驗(yàn)Exchange-compression stroke換氣壓縮行程Exhaust advance angle排氣提前角Exhaust back pressure排氣背壓Exhaust back pressure排氣背壓正常工作期間在排氣系統(tǒng)內(nèi)積累的壓力。 Exhaust gas recirculation valve廢氣再循環(huán)閥

32、輕巡航狀態(tài)一種計(jì)量進(jìn)入進(jìn)氣歧管內(nèi)降低燃燒室溫度和減少氮氧化物生成的少量廢氣的一種閥。Exhaust lag angle排氣遲后角Exhaust stroke排氣行程 Exhaust 排氣燃燒的副產(chǎn)品；從消聲器到大氣的管路。 Expansion stroke 膨脹行程 Expansion-exchange stroke膨脹換氣行程 Explosion stroke壓縮行程爆炸行程FFault code 故障碼數(shù)字式的讀取系統(tǒng)，用于幫助排除故障，獲取電子系統(tǒng)功能信息。 Field test現(xiàn)場試驗(yàn)Four-stroke engine四沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) Fuel consumption at net po

33、wer 凈功率燃油消耗量Fuel consumption燃油消耗量Fuel contamination燃油污染燃油系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的任何雜質(zhì)。Fuel control unit油量調(diào)節(jié)裝置Fuel injection beginning噴油始點(diǎn)Fuel injection duration angle噴油持續(xù)角Fuel injection end噴油終點(diǎn)Fuel pressure 燃油壓力噴射或非噴射系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的燃油壓力。 Fuel supply advance angle供油提前角Full load全負(fù)荷GGas exchange process換氣過程Governor control character

34、istic調(diào)速特性sGross power總功率HHelical duct intake螺旋進(jìn)氣道進(jìn)氣Hop-up test強(qiáng)化試驗(yàn)IIdle running test怠速試驗(yàn)Idle speed 怠速轉(zhuǎn)速發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)怠速無負(fù)荷情況下的轉(zhuǎn)速。Idling speed fuel delivery怠速供油量Idling speed怠速轉(zhuǎn)速Idling怠速Injection delay噴油延遲Intensification coefficient強(qiáng)化系數(shù)Injection starting pressure啟噴壓力Inlet air temperature進(jìn)氣溫度Inlet air temperature

35、進(jìn)氣溫度Intake advance angle進(jìn)氣提前角Intake process進(jìn)氣過程Intake stroke進(jìn)氣行程 Intake swirl進(jìn)氣渦流LL-engine L形發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) Loading performance加載性能Long stroke長行程 Lower dead center(bottom dead center)下止點(diǎn)Lowest continuous speed with load最低穩(wěn)定工作轉(zhuǎn)速M(fèi)Mapping characteristics萬有特性Mass per liter升扭矩升質(zhì)量Maximum cylinder volume氣缸最大容積Maximum

36、 no load governed speed最高空轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)速M(fèi)ean piston speed活塞平均速度NNaturally aspirated engine自然進(jìn)氣式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) Net power總功率凈功率No load characteristics空轉(zhuǎn)特性No-load空載OOil consumption 機(jī)油消耗量Overhead camshaft engine頂置凸輪軸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)Overload超負(fù)荷Overspeed超速 Oxygen sensor 氧傳感位于排氣系統(tǒng)靠近發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的裝置，測量排氣中不同的氧氣含量，向發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)控制計(jì)算機(jī)發(fā)送信號，使其保持正確的空燃比。PPart load部分負(fù)荷

37、Part throttle characteristics負(fù)荷特性PCV 曲軸箱強(qiáng)制通風(fēng)連接發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)曲軸箱和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)真空的一種計(jì)量裝置，使曲軸箱蒸發(fā)氣體燃燒，以減少發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的有害排放。Peak injection pressure峰值噴油壓力Piston stroke活塞行程 Poisonous exhaust composition排氣有害成分Power balance 功率平衡一種動(dòng)態(tài)測試方法，一次使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的一個(gè)氣缸不工作，比較功率損失，找到功率差的氣缸。 Power curve功率曲線Power per liter升功率Power performance動(dòng)力性能Power stroke動(dòng)力行程

38、Pressure-feed lubrication壓力潤滑Radial clearance徑向間隙RRated fuel delivery額定供油量Re-check test復(fù)查試驗(yàn)Reciprocating inertia force, 2nd order二級往復(fù)貫性力Reciprocating inertia force,1st order一級往復(fù)慣性力Reciprocating internal combustion engine往復(fù)式內(nèi)燃機(jī)Reliability test可靠性試驗(yàn)Road load test道路負(fù)荷試驗(yàn)SSecondary air injection system二次

39、空氣噴射系統(tǒng)外部空氣泵人排氣系統(tǒng)和催化轉(zhuǎn)化器內(nèi)，改善產(chǎn)生有害氣體排放的連續(xù)燃燒和化學(xué)反應(yīng)。Soot碳煙Specific fuel consumption比燃料消耗率Speed at maximum torque最大扭矩轉(zhuǎn)速Speed fluctuation rate轉(zhuǎn)速波動(dòng)率Speed governing調(diào)速Splash lubrication飛濺潤滑Spot check test抽查試驗(yàn)Standard atmospheric conditions標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大氣狀況Starting performance起動(dòng)性能Starting speed起動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)速Steady state speed govern

40、ing rate穩(wěn)定調(diào)速率Steady working condition穩(wěn)定工況Stem overlap氣門重疊度Stroke沖程Supercharged engine增壓式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) Swirl rate渦流比TThermodynamic cycle熱力循環(huán) Timing 正時(shí)按照活塞的位置關(guān)系發(fā)火。 Top dead center(upper dead center)止點(diǎn)上止點(diǎn) Torque per liter升扭矩Torque扭矩 Type approval test定型試驗(yàn)UUp stroke上行程 VValve duration氣門開啟持續(xù)時(shí)間Valve timing 氣門正時(shí)按照與曲

41、軸的轉(zhuǎn)角關(guān)系開關(guān)氣門。Variable working condition變工況Volumetric efficiency充氣系數(shù)WWater-cooled engine水冷式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) White smoke白煙Work cycle 工作循環(huán): 每一個(gè)工作循環(huán)包括進(jìn)氣intake 、壓縮 compressure、作功 making power和排氣Exhaust過程，即完成進(jìn)氣、壓縮、作功和排氣四個(gè)過程叫一個(gè)工作循環(huán)。Working condition(operating mode) 工況Working cycleWrap 包容區(qū)指傳動(dòng)帶在帶輪上的接觸區(qū)域。Section III English

42、 English words and expressionsAAdditives 添加劑 Chemicals added to fuel in very small quantities to improve and maintain fuel quality and/or to lower emissions. Aftercooling / Intercooling 后冷卻/中間冷卻Cooling the engine intake air after the turbocharger and prior to introduction into the cylinder. After co

43、oling increases engine power and lowers NOx emissions. After treatment Devices 后處理設(shè)備Devices which remove pollutants from exhaust gases after the gas leaves combustion chamber (e.g., catalytic converters or diesel particulate filters). The term “exhaust gas aftertreatment” is considered derogatory by

44、 some in the emission control industry, but there is no consensus on the use of such alternatives as “post-combustion treatment” or “exhaust emission control”. Air Quality Management District (AQMD) 空氣質(zhì)量管理區(qū)Administrative districts organized in California to control air pollution. Nationwide in the U

45、.S., AQMDs are parallel to the areas designated for classification against the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Generally, AQMDs and their national parallel encompass multiple jurisdictions and closely follow the definition of Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas and Metropolit

46、an Statistical Areas. Air Toxics 有害氣體Toxic air pollutants, as classified by pertinent regulations. Examples of substances classified as air toxics by the US Clean Air Act include acetaldehyde, benzene, 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, and polycyclic organic matter (POM). California air toxics regulation

47、s also classify diesel exhaust particulates as a toxic air contaminant. Alternative Fuel 選擇性燃料Fuel other than petroleum diesel or gasoline. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) 美國材料實(shí)驗(yàn)協(xié)會A non-profit organization that establishes specifications and standard test methods for a broad range

48、of materials and products. ASTM standards are recognized as definitive guidelines for quality of motor fuels. BBi-Fueled Vehicle 雙燃料車輛A vehicle with two separated fuel systems designed to run on either conventional fuel or an alternative fuel using only one fuel at a time. Biodiesel 生態(tài)柴油The mono alk

49、yl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from renewable lipid feedstocks, such as vegetable oils and animal fats, for use in compression ignition (diesel) engines. Manufactured by transestrification of the organic feedstock by methanol. Brake Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP) 平均有效制動(dòng)壓力The work accomp

50、lished during one engine cycle divided by the engine swept volume. It is essentially the engine torque normalized by the engine displacement. The word “brake” denotes the actual torque/power available at the engine flywheel as measured on a dynamometer. Thus, BMEP is a measure of the useful power ou

51、tput of the engine. Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) 制動(dòng)燃料消耗率BSFC is the ratio of the engine fuel consumption to the engine power output (as measured at the flywheel). BSFC has units of grams of fuel per kilowatt-hour (g/kWh) or pounds mass of fuel per brake horsepower-hour (lb/bhp-hr). BSFC is

52、 a measure of engine efficiency. cCarbon Dioxide (CO2) 二氧化碳A colorless, odorless, non-toxic gas. It is one of main products of fossil-fuel combustion. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that contributes to the potential for global warming. Carbon Monoxide (CO) 一氧化碳A colorless, odorless and toxic gas

53、. It blocks the lungs ability to obtain oxygen. CO is produced by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and is a major part of air pollution. Compression ignition (diesel) engines generate significantly lower CO emissions than spark ignited engines. Carcinogens 致癌物Substances known to cause cancer. C

54、atalyst 催化劑A substance which influences the rate of a chemical reaction but is not one of the original reactants or final products, i.e. it is not consumed or altered in the reaction. Catalysts are used in many processes in the chemical and petroleum industries. Emission control catalysts are used t

55、o promote reactions that change exhaust pollutants from internal combustion engines into harmless substances. Cetane Index 十六烷指數(shù)A calculated value, derived from fuel density and volatility, giving a reasonably close approximation to cetane number. Cetane Number 十六烷值A(chǔ) measure of ignition quality of diesel fuel. The higher the cetane number the easier the fuel ignites when injected into an engine. Cetane number is determined by an engin