掌握構(gòu)筑物滿水試驗(yàn)的規(guī)定（To master the regulations for water filling test of structures）

1、掌握構(gòu)筑物滿水試驗(yàn)的規(guī)定（To master the regulations for water filling test of structures）In the high school2K314013 master the regulations for full water test of structures2k314013 master the regulations for full water test of structuresFirst, the premise of full tank water test1. the pool structure, concrete co

2、mpressive strength, impermeability strength or brick masonry cement mortar strength to meet the design requirements;2., cast-in-place concrete pool waterproof layer, pond external anti-corrosion layer construction and outside the back filling construction;3. the prefabricated prestressed concrete po

3、ol shall be prestressed or coated with cement mortar before spraying;4. After the completion of the cement mortar inside and outside the brick pond;Two, the structure of full water test proceduresAccording to the following procedures: test preparation - pool water injection - water level observation

4、 in the pool - evaporation measurementThree, the structure of full water test requirements(I) water floodingWater was injected into the tank 3 times, and each injection was 1 / 3 of the designed water depth. The rising rate of water injection level shall not exceed 2m / 24h, and the interval between

5、 two adjacent water filling periods shall be no less than 24h. After each injection, the water level drop value of 24h should be measured.(two) appearance observation;For large and medium water tanks, the water filled to the bottom of the wall shall be filled to check the impervious quality of the f

6、loor. When there is no obvious leakage, continue to fill the water until the water filling depth is the first. In the process of water filling, check the appearance of the pool, and when the water seepage is too large, stop filling and deal with it.(three) water level observationAfter the water leve

7、l in the tank is injected to the designed water level 24h, the initial reading of the water level measuring needle is started. The time interval between the reading of the water level and the initial reading shall be no less than 24h.(four) determination of evaporationFull water test of covered pond

8、, negligible amount of evaporation. The evaporation capacity of the full water test of the uncovered pond can be provided with the on-site evaporation water tank.Four 、 full water test standardPool structure full water test, which allows the infiltration water according to the design level of wet wa

9、ll and bottom total area (M2) calculation of reinforced concrete pool shall not exceed 2L / (m2.d), masonry pool shall not exceed 3L / (m2.d).Four 、 full water test standard2k314014 understand the process and composition of pumping stationProcess flowTwo, grilleGrille: intercepting large floating ob

10、jects and impurities in rainwater, domestic sewage and industrial sewage. Consisting of one or more sets of parallel bars placed diagonally at the inlet of the storm sewer and at the inlet of the pump sump.(1) grid barsGrating section: generally calculated according to span and interception quantity

11、. Generally made of 10mm * 50mm10mm * 100mm flat steel.Grid clearance: manual cleaning is not less than 2 times the effective cross section of the inlet pipe, the mechanical clearance is not less than 1.2 times the effective area of the influent pipe.(two) the inclination angle of the grille;The inc

12、lined angle of the grille is 45 to 75 degrees, and the average rake is 70 degrees.(three) grating work platform;1, preferably open type.2, generally can not be submerged, should be higher than the maximum design water level above 0.51.0m. Not below the overflow pipe level,Three. SumpThe water collec

13、ting tank is mainly used to regulate water quantity. The minimum volume of collecting tank has two parts: dead water volume and effective volume.Four, the machine roomMain pump: axial flow pump, mixed flow pump, centrifugal pump, submersible pump(1) selection of main pump type;Five 、 overflow wellRo

14、le: in special circumstances, the water pipe flow can not be pumped up in time, through the overflow pipe overflow pipe temporary inflow of natural water, to avoid flooding pool and influence drainage.Six 、 outlet wellThe main function is to serve as the outlet of the pump and to stabilize the water

15、 level of the outlet well. Separate pressure outlet well and no pressure outlet well.Seven, the operation characteristics of the pumping station1, sewage pumping stations are usually full day running, according to water changes, adjust the number of pumps to start the work. And according to the sign

16、al from the water level of the pool, the control is started and stopped.2, rain pump station according to rainfall, decided to pump the number and size.3, the confluence pumping station should be in accordance with the rainfall flow control immediately, and at the same time to meet the timely discha

17、rge of sewage.2k314015 understanding of water supply and drainage station, process pipeline construction and equipment installationEach structure and building of the water supply and drainage station is connected into a whole through a process pipeline to realize the function of the design. Construc

18、tion of the main principles of first underground, after the ground, first deep, later shallow.2K314020 water supply and drainage engineering2k314020 water supply and drainage engineering2k314021 familiar with municipal wastewater treatment processSewage - domestic sewage, industrial waste water and

19、precipitation.Industrial wastewater - producing wastewater and producing sewage.Drainage system - diversion system and combined system.The diversion system consists of sewage drainage system and storm water drainage system, and the combined system is divided into straight drain type, full treatment

20、and intercepting type combined system. The combination of intercepting and intercepting is only suitable for old city reconstruction.Sewage contains a large amount of organic matter, which is the main object of sewage treatment. The common biochemical oxygen demand indirectly indicates the content o

21、f organic matter in sewage1, physical treatment: the use of physical separation of sewage suspended in the state of solid pollution treatment methodsPhysical treatment - sieve filtration (grille, screen), precipitation (grit tank, sedimentation tank), air flotation, filtration (fast filter, slow fil

22、ter), reverse osmosis (organic polymer semi permeable membrane)2, biological treatment: the main use of microbial metabolism, so that the sewage dissolved in the colloidal state of organic pollutants into stable, harmless material treatment.Biological treatment method aerobic oxidation method: activ

23、ated sludge process and biofilm processAnaerobic oxidation: anaerobic ponds and anaerobic digesters3, chemical treatment: the use of chemical reactions to separate the pollutants in sewage treatment methods, mainly neutralization, electrolysis, redox and electrodialysis, gas stripping, stripping, ex

24、traction and so onTwo. Conventional treatment process of municipal wastewater(1) sewage treatment processes at the first, two and three levels;Modern sewage treatment technology, according to the degree of processing, can be divided into one, two, three sewage treatment process.Primary treatment: ma

25、inly using physical treatment to retain larger floating objects. The grit chamber is usually behind the grille or in front of the primary sedimentation tank, with the aim of removing the larger proportion of inorganic particles. The primary settling tank has better removal effect on inorganic matter

26、s,Two stage treatment: the removal of organic pollutants, which are colloidal and dissolved in sewage, usually by biological treatment. Biological treatment structures are the most important part of the treatment process. Two the main function of the clarifier is to remove the biological or dead org

27、anisms present in the sludge form during biological treatment.The first and two stages are often used in municipal wastewater treatment. Therefore, it is also called conventional treatment.Three stage treatment: after treatment at grade one and level two, it is used to further deal with the difficul

28、t to degrade organic matter, phosphorus and nitrogen, and other soluble inorganic substances that can lead to eutrophication of water body. The main treatment methods include biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal, coagulation sedimentation, sand filtration, activated carbon adsorption, ion exch

29、ange and electrodialysis.Three. Sludge treatmentSediment can be divided into sludge and sediment according to its main components. Sediments that are mainly organic matter are called sludges. Sediments that are mainly inorganic substances are called sediments.The sludge can be divided into the follo

30、wing categories according to their sources:(1) primary settling sludge:(2) residual activated sludge(3 cooked sludge):(4) chemical sludge:(1) thickening of sludgeThe methods of sludge concentration are gravity concentration, air floatation concentration and centrifugal concentration. Gravity concent

31、ration method is the most widely used method.(two) anaerobic digestion of sludge;The methods of stabilizing sludge treatment are chemical stabilization and biological stabilization. Biological stabilization is divided into two methods: anaerobic digestion and aerobic digestion. In general, anaerobic digestion is adopted.(