中考語(yǔ)法講解與練習(xí)14——主謂一致

1、2018中考語(yǔ)法講解與練習(xí)14主謂一致2018中考語(yǔ)法講解與練習(xí)14主謂一致英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法是英語(yǔ)的重要部分，在中考的選擇題、語(yǔ)法填空、改錯(cuò)、造句以及作文都會(huì)涉及，本套練習(xí)從既有講解又有練習(xí)，是復(fù)習(xí)的好資料，提分的好助手。語(yǔ)法講解：一、主謂一致三原則 主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，主謂一致必須遵循三原則：語(yǔ)法一致原則，意義一致原則，就近一致原則。 1. 語(yǔ)法一致原則：指主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Tom is a good student. 湯姆是個(gè)好學(xué)生。 They often play football on the playground

2、. 他們經(jīng)常在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。 2. 意義一致：指主語(yǔ)形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；或主語(yǔ)形式上為復(fù)數(shù),但表示單數(shù)意義，這是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。My family are having lunch now. 我們一家人現(xiàn)在正吃午飯。 Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 這本書(shū)20美元太貴了。 3. 就近一致：指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是用復(fù)數(shù)形式，取決于最靠近他的主語(yǔ)。例如： Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 不僅老師喜歡踢足

3、球，而且他的學(xué)生也喜歡踢足球。 There is a pen and some books on the desk. 課桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書(shū)。 二、 主謂一致?？碱}型 1. 單數(shù)名詞(代詞)，不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式，復(fù)數(shù)名詞(代詞)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The desk is Toms. 這張桌子是湯姆的。 Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。 The students are playing football on the playground. 這些學(xué)生正在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。 2. many a+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，意義雖為“許多”，但謂語(yǔ)要用

4、單數(shù)形式。Many a student has been to Shanghai. 許多學(xué)生到過(guò)上海。 3. more than one+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一個(gè)學(xué)生曾經(jīng)去過(guò)北京。 4. 表示時(shí)間，價(jià)格，重量，數(shù)目，長(zhǎng)度，數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，這些通常作一個(gè)整體概念，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。例如： Two months is a long holiday. 兩個(gè)月是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)假。 Twenty pounds isnt so heavy. 2 0英鎊并不太重。 Ten miles isnt a

5、 long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很長(zhǎng)的距離。 Five minus four is one. 5減4等于1。 5. 主語(yǔ)是each/every+單數(shù)名詞+and(each/every)+單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有一個(gè)座位。 Every man and every woman is at work. 每個(gè)男人和女人都在工作。 6. one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 One and a half hours is enough. 一個(gè)半小時(shí)足夠了。

6、 7. 動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。To see is to believe 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。 Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操對(duì)你的眼睛十分有益。 8. a/an+單數(shù)名詞+or two 作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。A student or two has failed the exam. 一兩個(gè)學(xué)生考試不及格。 9. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；但“名詞+as w

7、ell as+名詞”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般應(yīng)與第一個(gè)名詞一致。Mike with his father has been to England. 邁克同他的父親去過(guò)英格蘭。 Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。 The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.10. 由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但and所連接的并列主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人，事物，或概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。這兩種情況區(qū)分如下：a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+單

8、數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個(gè)人或物；a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+a/the+單數(shù)名詞，指兩個(gè)人或物。The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教師來(lái)了。(作家和教師指同一個(gè)人) The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老師來(lái)了。(作家和老師是兩個(gè)人) 11. people,police等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，family,class,group,team等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，若指一個(gè)整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，若指一個(gè)具體成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。 People here are very friendly.

9、這兒的人很友好。 His family isnt large. 他家的人不多。 My family all like watching TV. 我們一家人都喜歡看電視。 12. 不定代詞somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)， Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齊了嗎？ Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。 Nobody was in. 沒(méi)有人在家

10、。 13. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Each of them has an English dictionary. 他們每人都有一本英語(yǔ)詞典。 Neither answer is correct. 兩個(gè)答案都不正確。 14. 以s 結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)形式，如news, maths, physics等， No news is good news. 沒(méi)有消息就是好消息。 Maths is very popular in our class 在我們班數(shù)學(xué)很受歡迎。 15. 由bothand連

11、接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；由or, eitheror， neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut,連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，根據(jù)就近原則決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。Either my wife or I am going.Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.Not only you but also he is ready to leave.如果either, each, neither作主語(yǔ)，則動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)形式。Each of us has his likes and dislike

12、s.Neither of the books is very interesting.16. 如果主語(yǔ)是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名詞”構(gòu)成時(shí)，動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。 A series of pre-recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use. 但a variety of, a number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式; .而the number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 On exhibition there are a great var

13、iety of consumer goods.The number of the students is over eight houndred17以here，there開(kāi)關(guān)的句子，若主語(yǔ)在兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常與臨近的主語(yǔ)一致 There is a book and three pens on the desk. Here are some books and paper for you. 18. the+形容詞表示一類人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示抽象概念時(shí)，用單數(shù)形式. The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad. The beauti

14、ful lives forever. 美是永存的。 三肯定與否定一致 下列形容詞、副詞、代詞從肯定句變成否定句時(shí)須作相應(yīng)的變化。 Weve had some(money). We havent had any(money). I was talking to someone. I wasnt talking to anyone. They sometimes visit us. They rarely (never, seldom)visit us. He has arrived already. He hasnt arrived yet. Li is coming too. Li isnt

15、coming either. Both of us are going. Neither of us are going. He likes both of them. He doesnt like either of them.注意：so/neither+助動(dòng)詞+名詞/代詞結(jié)構(gòu)中須用倒裝語(yǔ)序。 My wife like classic music very much and so do I. She doesnt like jazz and neither do I.練習(xí)：1、Next Saturday there _ going to _ a flower show in the park

16、 which we visited last month.Ais; be Bis; have Cwas; be Dwas; have2、Whats on the desk?There _ a dictionary and some flowers.The flowers are very beautiful.Aare Bis Cwas Dwere 3、There _ a dog and some cats in the picture.Aare Bis Cwill Ddo4、Will the foreigners have any problems talking with Chinese p

17、eople in China?I dont think so.Now _ the young _ the old are learning to speak English.Aneither; nor Beither; or Conly; except Dnot only; but also5、Not only you but also everyone here _ watching football matches.Alikes Blike Cis like 6、Mr. Smith, together with his wife, _ coming soon.A. are B. is C.

18、 were D. does7、Two months _ a long time. We can visit our grandparents during the vacation. A. am B. is C. are8、Everyone in England Christmas. A. enjoy B. enjoying C. will enjoy D. enjoys9、The tickets of the film Zootopia are hard to get. The film makes both adults and children _. A. becoming positi

19、ve B. become positive C. to become positive10、Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to teach my daughter to sing English songs.A. has been B. is C. are D. am11、Not only the teacher but also the students enjoying the film at that momentA. are B. is C. were D. was12、The teacher said that the earth _arou

20、nd the sun.A. went B. goes C. will go D. going13、Our teacher told us in class the earth around the sun. A. traveling B. to travel C. travels D. traveled14、Jim often _ to the library on weekends. He likes reading books.A.will go B.is going C.goes D.went15、The supermarket is far from Marys house . So

21、she _ only once a week. A. goes shopping B. has been there C. was shopping D. has gone there16、-Who is that lady? -Shes Miss Green. She us music, and she is so good. A. taught B. teaches C. will teach D. is teaching17、Both you and I _ wrong.A. was B. am C. were D. is 18、I like that music, but the ly

22、rics _ good enough.A. arent B. are C. isnt D. is19、Not only they but also I_interested in football. Messi is my favourite star. A. be B. am C. is D. are 20、His legs are very long and they _ under the desk.A. not fit B. dont fit C. arent fit D. doesnt fit 21、There _ fresher air and greener trees. A.

23、are B. is C. was22、Three years _ a long time to be cut off from contact with your friends. A. are B. were C. is D. be23、A group of boys and girls _ dancing in the park. Ais Bare Cbe Ddid24、“I think neither this book nor that one mine.” he said.A. are B. is C. were D. was25、Nobody except Tom and Mary

24、 _ in the classroom.The other students are watching the basketball game on the playground now.Aam Bis Care Dwas26、_ my father _ my mother is busy at work, so I have to look after myself.ABoth; and BNeither; norCNot only; but also DEither; or27、What can you see in the picture?I can see a farm.And the

25、re _ many animals on it .Ahas Bis Chave Dare28、Many a student _ that mistake before.Ahad made Bhas been made Chave made Dhas made29、Six months _ too long for a child living alone. Aare Bis Cwait Dwaits30、No one who can play well _ here now.Either of you _ the chance to win. Ais; has Bis; have Care;

26、has Dare; have31、The police _ that the criminal _ on the run. Areport; is Breport; are Creports; is Dreports; are32、The singer and actor _ a wonderful performance. Agive Bgives Cis Dare33、When and where to build the new factory_ yet.Ais not decided Bare not decided Chas not been decided Dhave not be

27、en decided34、There _ two football matches in the gym（體育場(chǎng)）next weekAwill be going to Bwill haveCis going to be Dare going to be35、Everyone in our class_Aenjoys to swim Benjoy to swim Cenjoys swimming Denjoy swimming36、The rest of the students _ not allowed to leave the classroom at that time.A. are B

28、. is C. was D. were37、-Our school is beautiful!-It will be more beautiful if more trees and grass _ by us.Aplant Bplants Cis planted Dare planted參考答案一、選擇題1、A2、B3、B4、D5、A6、B7、B8、D9、B 10、D11、C12、B13、C14、C15、A16、B17、C18、A19、B20、B 21、B22、C 23、B24、B25、B26、C27、D28、D29、B30、A31、A32、B33、C34、D35、C36、D37、D 2018年中考資料介紹英語(yǔ)部分1. 中考詞匯辨析122組 2.中學(xué)英語(yǔ)詞組大全3.初中必背的英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)詞組句型4.中考英語(yǔ)詞組必考必備5.中考英語(yǔ)各種題型的解題技巧6.2018中考英語(yǔ)閱