大櫻桃快繁（Rapid propagation of large cherry）.doc

1、大櫻桃快繁（Rapid propagation of large cherry）Popularization and application of dwarf double splicing technology of large cherry in Shenyang areaI. Basic Conditions of the project1, the purpose and significance of the projectLarge cherry is a deciduous tree fruit of rosaceae. When ripe, the color is brigh

2、t red, delicious, tender, nutritious and of high value for medical care.Large cherry is rich in protein, vitamins A, B, C, as well as potassium, calcium, phosphorus, iron and other minerals, as well as a variety of vitamins, low calorie, high fiber. Vitamin A is 4 times higher than grapes and vitami

3、n C is higher. Especially the content of iron, hectogram up to 6 to 8 mg, apples, oranges, pears and higher than 20 to 30 times, the content of vitamin A than apples, oranges, grapes high 4 to 5 times.New research has found that cherries also contain anthocyanins, anthocyanins, red pigments, etc. Th

4、ese biotin have important medicinal value. Its effective antioxidant, anti-aging effect is strong, can promote blood circulation, help uric acid excretion, can alleviate gout, arthritis caused by discomfort. Cherry also has the role of promoting the regeneration of hemoglobin, anemia patients have s

5、ome benefits. Compendium of Materia Medica records, cherry with Qi, dampness, detoxification, and other effects of touzhen.Large cherry, also known as European sweet cherry, originated in Europe and Asia Minor region, Germany, Italy, France, the United States, Britain and other countries, larger acr

6、eage. Our country began to introduce in 1870s. The world big cherry production in 2 million 500 thousand tons, which accounted for 81% of Europe, North America accounted for 13%, accounted for 2% of the southern hemisphere, Asia accounted for 4%; output in Asia in Japan accounted for 50%, Chinese an

7、nual output of about 10 thousand tons, less than the world output by 1%. As a result of European cherries generally need 7.2 degrees C below lowThe temperature for 9001400 hours to complete winter dormancy, so big cherry in the northern area of our country is very good, mainly in Shandong, Liaoning,

8、 Shaanxi, Henan, Hebei and other places such as Qinhuangdao, cultivation, Taiwan, Dalian, Dandong etc.Large cherry management, less labor, low production costs, high economic benefits, it is worth a large area to be promoted. I am in the city to accelerate the development of county economy and new r

9、ural construction, and to increase the farmers income in the process, has been in Liangshan, Zhou Xinmin, a Fahaniu, such as the introduction of the big cherry Township Lama meizao and American one, with sand and other varieties, Sujiatun district also from Russia imported large cherry varieties. Th

10、ey were welcomed by the farmers. But the practice of cultivation from big cherry, cherry tree is not tall, convenient for daily management; not developed root system, higher requirements on soil pH; night is the result of natural growth requires 5 to 6 years to yield results; low, 10 years after the

11、 investment period, long period of return. Therefore, most cherry cultivars are planted with artificial dwarf techniques. The large cherry tree is short and compact, convenient for pruning, harvesting and management, early results, high fruit setting rate, fruit quality improvement, root system tran

12、sformation, improved soil adaptability and expanded cultivation area.At present, common stock, improper selection of rootstock and scion incompatibility, tree vigor, weak fruit short life, resistant to cold and poor domestic dwarf cherry, cherry tree planting two or three years after the start of de

13、ath, serious about 10 years most of the deaths, causes serious economic losses to farmers.The purpose and significance of the research lies in the northern region, especially through the pilot study of the citys introduction of cherry varieties, preferably good resistance of Cherry Rootstock and int

14、erstock, double cherry pick conclusion formulated technical regulations, to promote the comprehensive characters of climate and environment in soil of Shenyang excellent dwarf big cherry. And select the part of the citys township to establish production demonstration base of cherry, guiding farmers

15、to plant economic value and high economic benefit of big cherry, effectively increase farmers income, to realize the construction of five main task in Shenyang, accelerate the construction of new countryside to contribute.2, the main content of the project: (including key technical problems and tech

16、nical keys)Dwarf cherry is usually made from tree of different species or different genus, and the standard variety is attached to dwarf stock to make it dwarf. Or the double connection is two Seedlings Grafted two times. First, the scion of the middle variety is attached to the base anvil, and then

17、 it is cultivated for one year after living, and then the ear of the fine variety is added to the middle anvil. A medium with stock and scion is used as intermediate stock to solve the problem of incompatibility between rootstock and ear. Double after absorption of water and nutrients in the roots o

18、f fruit tree transport after grafting healing site, suffered a slight obstruction, therefore, to ease the trees and tree is small, and very high yield. This project aims to solve the problems of short life, low yield and poor climate adaptability of big cherry in Shenyang area:(1) a systematic compa

19、rative experiment was conducted on large cherry varieties introduced into northern China, especially in our city.The indexes such as yield, fruit sugar content and dosage were set up to observe and compare.(2) select large cherry base anvil and middle anvil with better resistance. Mao cherry, wild a

20、pricot, peach, cherry, wild grass in Shandong Benxi cherry, Folium Isatidis, colt, Gisela, plum resistant pest biting, cold resistance, drought and waterlogging, acid and alkali resistance, resistance test fertilizer, effects of different interstock length on tree growth.(3) summarize and formulate

21、the technical regulations for double connection of large cherry.The key technique to solve the problem is to test the virus-free tissue culture of rootstock, so as to prevent and cure root cancer.3, project domestic and international technical development survey and domestic economic development, pu

22、blic welfare undertakings, service object demand;(1) domestic development statusLarge cherry since its landing in Yantai in nineteenth Century, after 100 years of development, in our country growing area. 對大櫻桃的栽培技術(shù)研究，國內(nèi)很多農(nóng)業(yè)院校和科研單位做了大量?的鑒定，對其中具有明顯抗寒、耐旱等特異性狀的砧木進(jìn)行了組培快繁。 Through the comparative experime

23、nt for many years, screened early in the late series of varieties of ebony very early, sweetheart, Brett, pioneer, and. Comparative experiments on rootstocks such as cherry and Gisela were carried out. But Big Cherry Dwarf and double junction technology is rare at forty degrees north latitude in the

24、 North pole.(2) the current situation and development trend of foreign countriesIn 60s, Britain and Germany to Cherry Dwarf rootstock breeding included in the research plan and implement it, the United States established a special fund to study NC-140 big cherry rootstock Dwarfing Effect and breedin

25、g production. The first is the British East Lam test station to launch a big cherry semi dwarf rootstock colt, then many countries have introduced dwarf or semi dwarf rootstock series: CAB series of Italy, France, Czech and Poland E series P-HL series, DNA series, Belgium, Denmark, the United States

26、 GM series M * M series VC-13 and VSL-2, Russia, Romania, Germany IP-CI series Pi-Ku series, W series, Gisela series and so on. To the beginning of the 1990s, the western developed countries gardening new large cherry orchard has been widely used for dwarf or semi dwarf rootstock.Due to the applicat

27、ion of dwarf or semi dwarf rootstock, cherry tree height from the past more than 10m at around 4m, the planting density increased from more than 300 strains per hectare to 825 1245 strains, enter the stage from the past 4-5 years for 2 years period from the past 7-8 years after planting is shortened

28、 to 4-5 years, greatly reducing the labor and management of pesticides, shorten the recovery period of funds, improve economic efficiency.(3) market demand analysis;Cherry is the earliest fruit listed in spring. It has the name of first branch of spring fruit, which plays a special role in regulatin

29、g the supply of fruit market in the off-season. Because of its high economic efficiency and great market potential, American farmers call it golden planting, which is called precious fruit. For a long time, the price of cherry has been high, while the quality of high-grade cherry is in short supply.

30、At present, Chinas large cherry cultivation area of about 250 thousand acres, an annual output of about 10 thousand tons, consumption less than the United States, Japan and other countries 1%. Moreover, large cherries are sold only in big cities, and small and medium-sized cities are difficult to se

31、e, so there is still a lot of room for development. It is expected that after ten years, the cultivation area of large cherry in China will be expanded to 900 thousand mu, all of which will be produced 1000 kg per mu, and the total output will be 900 thousand tons. If the price of 8-10 yuan per kilo

32、gram, the income per mu will reach 8000 yuan, economic benefits are very impressive.Large cherry production is a typical labor-intensive industry, the artificial cost of cherry picking in Germany is about RMB 3.1-3.5 yuan per kilogram, and the cost of harvesting in the United States is about RMB 360

33、0 yuan per mu. In northern Europe, parts of Russia and Southeast Asian countries due to climate reasons can not produce big cherry, consumption of all imported, because of the Chinese labor and distance advantage, make the best choice to become Chinese import cherry Japan South Korea Hongkong Taiwan

34、 and Southeast asia. The cherry farming industry in Japan is shrinking because of the high labor costs of cherry cultivation. Japan has become the worlds third largest importer of cherries, the import price for the same period of 13-18 times the price of imported bananas, cherry sales at the lowest

35、price is more than 10 times our country. In addition, with the development of fresh-keeping transportation technology, large cherries will also be exported to Europe and Africa in large quantities,The future of the international market will be even broader.4, the existing work basis and conditions (

36、including the existing technology and work basis, experimental equipment and environmental conditions).(1) research basis for preliminary work related to the project;In recent years our institute in our city to carry out the cultivation of red leaf plum, blue spruce, grapes and other rare ornamental

37、 trees, medicinal plants and health fruit tissue and cultivation technology research, establish the planting demonstration base, successfully carried out the application. These work has made this unit have a group of professional talents, and it has laid a solid foundation for us to carry out the re

38、search of Big Cherry Dwarf and double grafting technology. At the same time, we have begun to carry on the grafting experiment of the big cherry, master the planting technique of the big cherry, and make the necessary preparation for the promotion of the big cherry.(two) the existing basic condition

39、s (including test bases, means, technical forces, etc.);Shenyang Biotechnology Research Institute is a research unit in the scientific research development and management in one of the modern biological technology, high-quality academic leaders, have cast strong talents in science and technology as

40、the backing, has the independent research and development, production management and technology promotion team. In recent years, Shenyang Institute of biotechnology has received strong support from all walks of life at home and abroad, and I have made a number of research and technology in the natio

41、nal, provincial and municipal projects. There are a number of highly qualified scientific research personnel, testing equipment, with in-depth study of Large Cherry Dwarf and double connection of the basic conditions.Two 、 project feasibility analysis:1, the total capital requirements of the project

42、, the financing plan, the application of scientific services, special budget for the use of fundsThe total funding for the application is 650 thousand yuan, and the citys scientific undertaking budget is as follows:Details of expenditure (10000 yuan):Staff costs 25: for the pilot process of the livi

43、ng allowance of 10 x 25 thousand yuan.Training costs 4: experimental personnel and technical personnel of 10 people, to participate in related Large Cherry Dwarf fast propagation technical training 4 times, each time 10 thousand yuan.Energy materials costs 29: energy consumption costs: water 10 thou

44、sand yuan, electricity 10 thousand yuan, low value, easy to consume 20 thousand yuan. Material cost: raw material purchase fee, seedling 150 thousand yuan, chemical reagent 20 thousand yuan, pesticide 10 thousand yuan, other prevention and cure agent 30 thousand yuan, field test 40 thousand yuan.Tra

45、vel expenses 4: used to introduce varieties and technical exchanges in Shandong, Yantai. 5 passengers, 10 thousand yuan per person, a total of 40 thousand yuanConference fees 1: for the large cherry stunting fast research conference, 20 thousand yuan and Big Cherry Dwarf fast propagation in Shenyang

46、 Dongling District popularization activities 30 thousand yuan.Data, printing costs 2: printed papers form 12 thousand yuan, the copy of the floppy disk 6 thousand yuan, the test data recorded 2 thousand yuan.They are altogether 650 thousand yuan.2, after the completion of the project, the feasibilit

47、y of the application and prospects of the promotion of the applicationThe Dwarf Cherry Production Benefit Cultivation Technique in fast propagation obviously, non-toxic seedling production of cherry fruit grain weight generally increased, berry sugar content and sugar acid ratio with the original ap

48、proximation, the appearance quality of ear appearance, moderate density, fresh and intact, moderate size, uniform fruit size, bright color, internal quality of fruit juice, peel is thin roucui. After the completion of the project, large cherry production can enhance 3-5%, the appearance and internal

49、 quality has been greatly improved.3, project implementation and expected results of economic and social benefits analysisFrom the sales of cherry in our city, the price of cherry has been stable. Over the years the price has been stable at between 15-50 yuan / kg, high yield and stable dealer. Shen

50、yang big cherry consumption increased year by year, and production is very little, by Shandong, Dalian and other places input, landing price is very expensive. To solve the problem of Shenyang cherry production in urgent need of the surrounding areas of Shenyang, Shenyang to adapt climate planting h

51、igh quality large cherry tree, cherry to meet the people of Shenyang needs to promote the income of farmers, for the realization of Shenyang five Shenyang and the objective of the new rural construction service.4 、 risk analysis of the projectThe big cherry dwarf dwarf propagation technology, rapid

52、propagation technology is successful developed countries biotechnology research field, the Ministry of agriculture to implement the product quality law and food safety law, calling up a fruit detoxification center. My city, if you want to become the focus areas of big cherry, carry out research on G

53、round Cherry Dwarf double technology will greatly improve the competitiveness in the market of real estate big cherry, will be welcomed by consumers, basically no market risk.Three 、 project implementation plan:1, the specific implementation of the project plan and schedule arrangements (including a

54、dvanced technology, innovation, maturity, reliability, etc.)The project will take three years: January 2012, -2014, DecemberJanuary 2012 December -2012: a systematic comparative experiment was conducted on introduced large cherry varieties. Detoxification experiments on standard varieties and rootstocks were carried out.January 2013 December -2013: preferred large cherry rootstock and intermediate anvil with better resistance.January 2014 Decem