專(zhuān)題七 初中英語(yǔ)介詞講解與練習(xí)

1、 專(zhuān)題七 初中英語(yǔ)介詞講解1介詞的含義，介詞（虛詞），不能在句子中獨(dú)立充當(dāng)成分。它總是用于名詞、代詞、或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞類(lèi)或短語(yǔ)或從句前。中考需要掌握的11個(gè)介詞：in、on、at、to、from、by、with、for、about、after、before表示時(shí)間的介詞A典型例題：1. in 1996 / in 2002 / in 1847（年份）2. in October / in February / in March （月份）3. in spring / in summer / in autumn / in winter （季節(jié)）4. in a week / in a year 在1

2、周 / 年中5. in the morning / in the afternoon / in the evening 在上午 / 下午 / 晚上in the daytime 在白天 / in the future 在將來(lái) / in one minute 在1分鐘內(nèi) / in the end表示較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間（長(zhǎng)于一天或短于一天）如：年、年份、月份、季節(jié)、周、上午、下午、晚上以及一些習(xí)慣用法中要用介詞“in”。- B典型例題：1. at ten oclock / at seven thirty. （表示某一鐘點(diǎn)）2. at noon / at night / at midnight （在中午、晚上、

3、半夜一天中相對(duì)短暫的時(shí)間）3. at the age of twenty / at the age of thirty-five （表示某一年齡）4. at that time 在那時(shí) / at the moment 這時(shí)、此刻 / at first 首先 / at last 最后in the end 5. at once 立刻、馬上 / on weekends 在周末 / 在一年中的這個(gè)時(shí)候at this time of year / at the beginning /end of在 開(kāi)始/結(jié)束時(shí)表示時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)（或表示某時(shí)刻）如：鐘點(diǎn)、年齡或其它的習(xí)慣用法中要用“at”。- C典型例題：

4、1. on Monday / on Tuesday / on Wednesday / on Friday 2. on January 1 / on April 18 / on May 313. on January 1, 1988 / on April 18, 2002 / on May 31,19774. on Monday morning / on Tuesday afternoon / on Wednesday evening5. on a winter morning / on a summer evening / on a autumn afternoon6. on the morn

5、ing of May fifth7. on my birthday / on that day / on New Years Day / on the first two days / on Christmas Day8. 值日 on duty / 準(zhǔn)時(shí) on time /表示某一天或者特定（某一天上，下午）的時(shí)間用介詞“on”。- D典型例題：How long 1. for two hours / for three days2. for hundreds of years3. for the three years / for the three years4. for a while表示

6、持續(xù)一段時(shí)間用介詞“for”。“for”“段時(shí)間”- E典型例題： 1. from 9 oclock to 11 oclock 2. from February to April 3. from 1980 to 1990 4. from then on 從那時(shí)候起（用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)），from now on 從現(xiàn)在起（用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)），from time to time 時(shí)不時(shí)地表示從一點(diǎn)時(shí)間到另一點(diǎn)時(shí)間的一個(gè)階段用介詞“from to ”- F典型例題： 1. during the week 2. during those three months 3. during my visit 4.

7、during the holidays / meeting 5. during the spring表示“在 的期間”要用介詞“during”，during表示在特定的時(shí)間里，其后的名詞前要用定冠詞或者表示特定意義的代詞。-G典型例題：1. since 1986 / since 19772. since last summer / since last week / since last month3. since then 從那時(shí)以后4. since he came here 自從他來(lái)了以后表示“自 以來(lái)”，表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻到現(xiàn)在，用介詞“since”?！皊ince”“點(diǎn)時(shí)間”，主句常用現(xiàn)

8、在完成時(shí)。 鞏固練習(xí)：1. since 7 oclock2. since last Monday- H典型例題：1. The park is open till 5 p.m.2. He didnt leave the park until 4 p.m.表示某動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)延續(xù)到某一時(shí)間終止，用介詞“till / until”- I表示時(shí)間介詞的比較 1典型例題：1. The train leaves at 8 oclock, so youd better be there by 7:50. 火車(chē)八點(diǎn)鐘開(kāi)，所以你最好八點(diǎn)五十以前趕到那兒。2. He left Shanghai at the end

9、 of last year. 去年年底他離開(kāi)了上海。（過(guò)去式）3. By the end of last year he had finished the work. 到去年年底，他已經(jīng)完成了工作。at表示事件發(fā)生在某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)上；by表示事件發(fā)生在某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)前。at the end of + 時(shí)間 / 地點(diǎn)，表示時(shí)間時(shí)，一般用于一般過(guò)去式。by the end of + 時(shí)間，表示時(shí)間時(shí)，一般用于過(guò)去完成時(shí)。in the end =at last最后- 2典型例題：1. He finished the work three days ago.2. He said he had finished

10、 the work three days before.3. He will finish the work in three days.4. Three days later he finished the work.three days ago表示從今天算起三天前；three days before表示從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)始算起的三天前；in three days表示從今天算起的三天以后Three days later表示從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)始的三天后；。ago，用于一般過(guò)去式；before，用于過(guò)去完成時(shí)；in用于將來(lái)時(shí)。鞏固練習(xí)1. Four days later he came back f

11、rom Beijing.- 3典型例題： 1. before 2 oclock the meeting lunch 1990 before后通常跟表示一點(diǎn)的時(shí)間（或特定的時(shí)間），表示在某個(gè)時(shí)間之前 National Day 2. after 2 oclock the meeting lunch 1990 after后通常跟表示一點(diǎn)的時(shí)間（或特定的時(shí)間），表示在某個(gè)時(shí)間之后 National Day 由before和after構(gòu)成的時(shí)間介詞短語(yǔ)都不能用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。after的習(xí)慣用法：after work / after school / after classby表示事件發(fā)生在某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)前一

12、般用于一般過(guò)去式。by the end of + 時(shí)間，表示時(shí)間時(shí)，一般用于過(guò)去完成時(shí)ago，用于一般過(guò)去式；before，用于過(guò)去完成時(shí)；in用于將來(lái)時(shí)。before后通常跟表示一點(diǎn)的時(shí)間（或特定的時(shí)間），表示在某個(gè)時(shí)間之前 National Day after后通常跟表示一點(diǎn)的時(shí)間（或特定的時(shí)間），表示在某個(gè)時(shí)間之后 National Day由before和 鞏固練習(xí)1. after 8 oclock2. after breakfast3. after a while過(guò)了一會(huì)兒4. the day after tomorrow5. before supper6. before class7

13、. the day before yesterday8. before long不久前-4. 典型例題：one night / this month / that summer / last year / next week / the day before yesterday / the week after next 再下一周由one / this / that / last / next等修飾的表示時(shí)間的詞組前不需要用介詞。- 表示方位的介詞 A典型例題： 1. 在樹(shù)上 in the tree / 在同一個(gè)班 in the same class / 在北京 in Beijing 2. 在

14、世界上 in the world / 在河里 in the river / 在城市 in a city3. 在陽(yáng)光下 in the sun / 在北方 in the north / in China 在中國(guó)4. 在第五中學(xué) in No. 5 Middle School5. 在的前部 in the front of 在前面 in front of 6. 在中間/（內(nèi)部）角落 in the middle /corner of7. 固定用法：住院 in hospital / 在露天 in the open air / 躺著看書(shū)read in bed8. 站成行 stand in line / 處于危

15、險(xiǎn)中 in danger / 處于麻煩中 in trouble / 驚奇地 in surprise9. 用英語(yǔ) in English / 穿紅色的 in red / 以方式 in way of表示大地方，表示空間、地域或者物體內(nèi)部應(yīng)用in，或表示在范圍之內(nèi)。- B典型例題： 1. 在的盡頭 at the end of / 在大門(mén)口 at the gate / 在第二個(gè)十字路口 at the second crossing2. 在公共汽車(chē)站 at the bus stop / 在校讀書(shū) at school / 在家 at home3. 在醫(yī)院診所 at the doctors / 在頭部/腳下

16、at the head/ foot of4. at the station / airport / zoo / post office5. at the front door / at the cinema / supermarket / meeting / party / the crossroad6. 固定用法：stay at home / at work / at table 在吃飯表示較小的地方，表示空間的某一點(diǎn)，出入口等，選at- C典型例題： 1. 在墻上 on the wall / 在的另一邊 on the other side of / 在左邊/右邊 on the left/r

17、ight2. 在左/有手邊on the left/right hand side / 在火車(chē)上 on the train3. 在電視/收音機(jī)/電話/網(wǎng)上 on TV/the radio/ the telephone/ the Internet4. 固定用法：訪問(wèn) on a visit to / 展覽 on show5. 在去的路上 on the way to 6. on my head / nose 表示附著在表面上，覆蓋等，表示接觸的面上、邊上、線上，用on。 比較：a hole in the floor / wall There are many apples on the tree. T

18、here are many birds in the tree.- 幾組表示位置關(guān)系的介詞比較 D典型例題：north 1. Japan is in the east of Asia. 2. Japan is to the east of China. 3. Korea is on the northeast of China.westeastDCBAsouth 鞏固練習(xí)： 1. B is in the east of A. 2. D is to the east of A. 3. C is on the east of A.- 初中英語(yǔ)介詞專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)題1( ) 1 Children get g

19、ifts _ Christmas and _ their birthdays.A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on( ) 2 -There is nothing _tomorrow afternoon, is there?-No. We can have a game of table tennis.A. on B. in C. out D. up( ) 3 A lot of students in our school were born_March, 1981.A. in B. at C. on D. since( ) 4 Tim suddenly

20、 returned_ a rainy night.A. on B. at C. in D. during( ) 5 My grandfather was born_Oct. 10, 1935.A. on B. in C. at D. of( ) 6 The train is starting_five minutes.A. in B. at C. for D.still( ) 7 Mike does his exercises _ seven _ the evening.A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at; on2( ) 1 The population o

21、f the world has grown very fast _ four hundred years.A. for past the B. in the pass C. in the past D. for past( ) 2 We returned to our hometown_.A. next week B. in the last week C. last week D. for a week( ) 3 Great changes have taken place_.A. in the last few year B. in the last few yearsC. last ye

22、ar D. on the last year3( ) 1 Children wake up very early_the morning of Christmas Day.A. in B. on C. for D. at( ) 2 _ a cold winter morning, I met her in the stfeet.A. In B. On C. At D. For( ) 3 It happened to be very cold_ the morning of our sports meet.A. at B. on C. with D. of( ) 4 Why did you ge

23、t up so early _ this morning.A. on B. / C. at D. in4( ) 1 He went to Shanghai_ September 3, 1991 and came back_ a cold morning last year.A. in; on B. on; in C. on; on D. in; ia( ) 2 Lucy was born_ the night of May 12, 1984. . .A. on B. in C. at D. to( ) 3 Mrs Brown came to China _ 1996.A.on B. of C.

24、 to, D. in( ) 4 _ the morning of November 20, 1915, the workers came to Chicago to show their mourning_Joe Hill.A. On; to B. In; of . C. On; for , D. At; for( ) 5 Ann moved_Hangzhou_September, 1992.A. /; in i B. to; in C. to; on D, in; in( ) 6 They started off_an autumn afternoon.A. during B. at C.

25、in D. on5( ) 1 He often goes _ school _ six thirty _ the morning.A. for; to; in B. to; at in C. to; for; at D, for; at; to( ) 2 He arrived _ Shanghai _ 9: 30 _ March 5. fA. at; in; at B. to; on; at C. in; on; at D. in; at; on( ) 3 The English teacher told me to get there_ half past ten.A: in B. at C

26、. on D. of( ) 4 The children get up _ 6 oclock.A. at B. on C. during D. in6( ) 1 The doctor worked_ five hours_ a rest.A. for; with B. on; withoutC. about; having D. for; without( ) 2 I worked on the problem _ a long time and I worked it out_myself_ last.A. for; by; at B. in; with; onC. on; by; in D

27、. for; for; at the( ) 3 A new factory will be set up:_ a year. A. for B. in C. after D. on( ) 4 Two years_ he began to write another story-book.A. after B. later ; C. in D. late( ) 5 We will finish the picture a day.A. in B. on C. after D. on( ) 6 The workers had been_ strike_almost a month.A. on; i

28、n B. at; in C. on; for D. on; during( ) 7 Mr Brown had lain _ the ground _ four hours before they finally found him.A. on; for B. at; in C. on; after D. in; during lie-lay-lain7( ) 1 The teacher is coming back_ an hour.A. after B. for C. in D. before( ) 2 She lived in the mountain village_ the years

29、 1940-1950.A. between B. during C. in D. since( ) 3 Miss Wang will come to Beijing_ two days.A. after B. in C. on D. before( ) 4 The American Civil War lasted four years before the North won _ the end.A. by B. at C. in D. on8( )1 Mary had finished her homework_ the time I got home.A. until B. by C.

30、at D. when( ) 2 We stayed at the lab_ our teacher returned.A. till B. by C. during D. while( )3 They didnt leave the station_ they got on the train.A. until B. by C. after y D. at91 Dont worry. He will return_.A. before long B. long before C. long long ago D. long ago2 There lived an old man, fishin

31、g at sea_.A. long before B. before long C. long time ago D. soon3 It was not _ they came back.A. long before B. before long C. long time before D. long after4 I was told that his uncle had gone to France .A. long before -B. shortly after C. before long D. long ago10( ) 1 _ Tom gets up at five in the

32、 morning.A. Sometime B. Sometimes C. Some time D. Some times( ) 2 I remember we met each other_ last year.A. Sometime B. some times C. some time D. sometimes( ) 3 Mary and I have been to the Great Wall,_.A. sometime B. some time C. sometimes D. some times( ) 4 He studied English for _ in London, and

33、 then he went to America.A. sometimes B. sometime newB. some time B. some times11( ) 1 I dont like to sit _ Toms right. I would like to sit _ the back row.A. on; in B. in; on C. on; at D. at; on( ) 2 There is a brook_ red flowers and green grass_ both sides. A. of with B. with; on C. of; at D. with;

34、 in( ) 3 There are many trees _ of the road! And _ of the trees isgrowing larger and larger. .A. on both side; a number B. on each sides; a number C. on both sides; the number D. on every side; the number12( ) 1 The plane is flying _.A. in the sky B. in. the air C. in space D. in sky( ) 2 There is a

35、 sweet smell_.A. in the air B. in the open airC. in the sky D. in the space( ) 3 We held an interesting party_.A. in the air B. in the sky C. in the open air D. in space( ) 4 Seen from_, the earth appears to be a big blue ball.A. the space B. space C. a space D. this space13( ) 1 Tom sits_the classr

36、oom while John sits_the room.A. in front of; at back of B. in the front of; at the back of C. in front of; at the back of D. in the front of; at back of( ) 2 Lucy sits_ the third row, _Jims left.A. on; on B. in; at C. at; in D. in; on( ) 3 Jiangsu is_ the east of China, but Japan is _ the east of Ch

37、ina. A. to; in B. in; to . C. on; to D. to; on14( ) 1. -Can I look up a word_ your dictionary?-I havent got_me.A. into; about B. in; with C. at; in D. on; on( ) 2 1 like mooncakes _ meat _ them.A. in; on B. with; on C. in; the D. with; in( ) 3 When you are _ trouble please ask help _ us.A. in; from

38、B. in; for C. on; from D. on; of( ) 4 The shopkeeper said they had sold out the shoes_ your size.A. about B. in C. to D. of( ) 5 I saw him_hurry at the moment.A. in a B. in C. on D. on a15( ) 1 He put up a map _ the back wall because there was a hole _ it.A. on; on B. at; in C. on; in D. on; at( ) 2

39、 There is a door_ the wall. t a ncA. on B. to C. of D.in( ) 3 This kind of VCD is made_ China. .A. in B. from C. at D. on( ) 4 Any man _ eyes_ his head can see that hes exactly like a rope.A. with; on B. with; in C. on; with D. in; with16( ) 1 There are some birds singing_ the trees.A. in B. on C. a

40、t D. from( ) 2 Dont read _ the sun. Its bad _ your eyes.A. in; to B. under; for C. with; to D. in; on( ) 3 The woman_ a blue dress is my teacher.A. in B. on C. of D. at( ) 4 There are so many apples_ that tree.A. in JB, on C. at , D. from17( ) 1 The boat is passing_ the bridge.A. through B. below C.

41、 under D. across( ) 2 Two planes are flying_ the city.A. through B. over , C. on , D, below( ) 3 We can see a river running to the east_ the hill.A. under B. below C. over D. on( ) 4 Do you see the kite _ the building.A. over B. cross C. on D. above18( ) 1 The United States is _ the south of Canada

42、and _ the east of Japan.A. to; in B.on;to C. in; beside D. at; on( ) 2 My hometown lies_ the city. _ I often go to the city by bike. A. 50 miles in the east; However B. to the east 40 miles of; But C. in the east 45 miles from; But D. 35 miles east of; However( ) 3 The man stood_the window, watching

43、 the boys playing outside. A. in B. by C. with D. to( ) 4 Japan lies_ the east of China.A. on B/ to C. in D. with19( ) 1 Is the street too narrow for the bus to go _?A. through B. across C. on D. in( ) 2 A mother camel was walking _ her son _ the desert.A. without; along B. with; throughC. next to;

44、pass D. beside; through( ) 3 The river runs_ the city.A. across B. through C. over D. from( ) 4 It took us over an hour to walk_ this street.A. from B. through C. over D. across20( ) 1 Uncle Wang arrived_ No. 14 Middle School half an hour ago.A. at B. in C., to D. /( ) 2 Did your friend send you som

45、ething _ the end of last week?A. at B. by C. in D. to( ) 3 The monument_ those heroes stands_the foot of the mountain.A. of; at B. to; on C. for; by D. to; at( ) 4 My uncle lives _ 88 Beijing Street.A. to B. of C. at D. on( ) 5 They are waiting _ a bus _ the bus stop.A. for; in B. on; at C. with; at

46、 D. for; at21( ) 1 Wood is of ten made_paper.A. by B. from C. of D. into( ) 2 _ research _ the universe scientists have put a lot of information _ computers.A. With; over; at B. On; at; toC. In; about; into D. For; with; through( ) 3; When a piece of ice is taken _ a warm room, it gets smaller and s

47、maller until _ the end it disappears completely.A. in; in B. out of; at C. into; in D. to; by( ) 4 A woman fell _ the boat _ the water.A. off; into B. at; belowC. down; under D. away; in22( ) 1 The tables in the restaurant are so close together that theres hardly anyroom to move_them.A. among B. bet

48、weenC. in the middle of D. at the centre of( ) 2 English is widely used for business_ different countries.A. between B. to C. for D. on( ) 3 Is there any difference _ these two sentences?A. for B. in C. among D. between( ) 4 We visited him at his workplace _ the young trees and ask him abouthis work. EA. in B. among C. between D. at( ) 5 There is the difference_ Chinese food and American food.A. from B. at C. between D. by( ) 6 The police station is _ the clothing shop _ the post office.A. between; and B. among; andC. near; of D. on; right( ) 7 He is _ the greatest scienti