追尋幸福：楊朱的哲學(xué)思想中英文對照清華大學(xué)韋正翔教授制作

1、 參考書目參考書目1 v1、中國哲學(xué)史（上下冊）、中國哲學(xué)史（上下冊） 馮友蘭著，華東師范大學(xué)出版社馮友蘭著，華東師范大學(xué)出版社 2011年版年版 v2、中國哲學(xué)簡史，馮友蘭著，趙復(fù)三譯、中國哲學(xué)簡史，馮友蘭著，趙復(fù)三譯 生活生活.讀書讀書.新知三聯(lián)書店新知三聯(lián)書店2009年版年版 、 Company Logo 參考書目參考書目2 v3、A History of Chinese Philosophy, Vol.1 & 2, by Yu-lan Fung (Author) , Derk Bodde(Translator)，Princeton University Press (August 1,

2、 1983) v4、 A Short History of Chinese Philosophy by Yu-lan Fung (Author), Derk Bodde (Editor) Company Logo Contents 1. Introduction 2. One Hundred Schools 3. Comfucius , Mencius 4. Lao Tzu, ChuangTzu 5. Xun Tzu, MoTzu, Han Fei 6. The sole dominating position of Confucianism 7. Tung Chung-shu 8. Neo-

3、Taoism 9/10. Buddhism (1) (2) 11. Neo-Confucianism 12. Marxism in China 13. Islam and Christianity in China (TBD) Company Logo 1 2 3 誰？誰？ Who? 道家的創(chuàng)始人？道家的創(chuàng)始人？ Founder of Taoism? 追尋幸福？追尋幸福？ After happiness? Company Logo 誰誰? ? Who? 1 Company Logo 生活于生活于? ? Lived? 1.1 Company Logo 楊朱與孟子為同時代人。百家爭鳴事實上出楊朱與

4、孟子為同時代人。百家爭鳴事實上出 現(xiàn)在孟子在世的時代。那時在齊國的國都設(shè)現(xiàn)在孟子在世的時代。那時在齊國的國都設(shè) 立了稷下學(xué)宮，容納了數(shù)千學(xué)者。他們的作立了稷下學(xué)宮，容納了數(shù)千學(xué)者。他們的作 品已經(jīng)遺失，人們通過引文片段而知道他們品已經(jīng)遺失，人們通過引文片段而知道他們 的存在。孟子可能就是稷下學(xué)宮的一名學(xué)者，的存在。孟子可能就是稷下學(xué)宮的一名學(xué)者， 而楊朱和墨子則是他的主要對手。這兩名對而楊朱和墨子則是他的主要對手。這兩名對 手在當(dāng)時都很有名。因此當(dāng)時的學(xué)者為了他手在當(dāng)時都很有名。因此當(dāng)時的學(xué)者為了他 們的學(xué)說生存下來而不得不辯。們的學(xué)說生存下來而不得不辯。 Company Logo Yang

5、Chu was the contemporary of Mencius (371-289 B.C.?) . One hundred schools were actually appearing in the time of Mencius, when Chi-Hsia school was establish at the capital of Chi. Several thousand scholars were hosted. Their works are lost, and we know them by fragmentary quotations. Mencius was pro

6、bably a scholar of Chi-Hsia, Yang Chu and Mo Tsu were his main opponents, both of which were very popular at that time. So they had to debate for the survival of their doctrines. Company Logo 來自來自? ? From where? 1.2 Company Logo 稷下學(xué)宮位于現(xiàn)在的山東省稷下學(xué)宮位于現(xiàn)在的山東省 淄博市臨淄區(qū)淄博市臨淄區(qū) Chi-Hsia school is located at the

7、 district of Lin Zi in the city of Zi Bo in Shandong Province Company Logo 生活經(jīng)歷生活經(jīng)歷? ? Life experience? 1.3 Company Logo Yang Chu was a recluse, his life experiences are not known. Taoist doctrine did not supported by realistic social environment, so Taoists were recluses in mountains or hid themsel

8、ves in the society. 楊朱為隱士，生平不詳。道家思楊朱為隱士，生平不詳。道家思 想缺乏現(xiàn)實的社會環(huán)境的支持，想缺乏現(xiàn)實的社會環(huán)境的支持， 因此道士們或隱于山或隱于世。因此道士們或隱于山或隱于世。 Company Logo 主要作品主要作品? ? Main Works? 1.4 Company Logo Yang Chus fragmentary ideas can be found in the Mencius, the Lu- shih Chun Chiu, the Han-fei-tzu, and the Huai-nan-tzu. The chapter entitle

9、d “Yang Chu” in the Lieh-tzu is a product of some unknown writer of Wei or Chin, which is not the ideas of Yang Chu. 散見于散見于孟子孟子、呂氏春秋呂氏春秋、 韓非子韓非子、淮南子淮南子中。中。 列子列子楊朱篇楊朱篇為魏晉人所作，為魏晉人所作， 其觀點非楊朱所持。其觀點非楊朱所持。 Company Logo 道家的創(chuàng)始人道家的創(chuàng)始人? ? Founder of Taoism? 2 Company Logo Yang Chu gave some main Ideas for lat

10、er developments of Taoism. Since his doctrine is lost and only some fragmentary quotation is left, he is not considered as the founder of Taoism. 楊朱為道家的發(fā)展提供了一些主楊朱為道家的發(fā)展提供了一些主 要的思想。由于他的學(xué)說多已遺要的思想。由于他的學(xué)說多已遺 失，只留下些失，只留下些 片段，因此沒有片段，因此沒有 能夠被當(dāng)成道家的創(chuàng)始人。能夠被當(dāng)成道家的創(chuàng)始人。 Company Logo 追尋幸福追尋幸福? ? After happiness? 3

11、 Company Logo Way of pursuing happiness: Despising on material things and stressing on body pleasure. 幸福之路幸福之路 輕物重生輕物重生 Company Logo 享樂主義享樂主義? ? Hedonism? 3.1 Company Logo A meaningful life is the life of satisfying desires from the body. Eyes are for nice colors, ears for nice sounds, mouth for goo

12、d tastes. A suffering life is worse than death. We like to become unconscious when suffering comes. 有意義的生活就是滿足身體欲望的生活。有意義的生活就是滿足身體欲望的生活。 眼是用來欣賞美色的，耳是用來聽悅耳眼是用來欣賞美色的，耳是用來聽悅耳 之聲的，嘴是用來品嘗美食的。痛苦的之聲的，嘴是用來品嘗美食的。痛苦的 生活不如死亡。在痛苦來臨的時候我們生活不如死亡。在痛苦來臨的時候我們 喜歡變得無意識。喜歡變得無意識。 Company Logo 欲望的和諧欲望的和諧? ? Harmony of des

13、ires? 3.2 Company Logo One should restrain desires for getting longer enjoyment, because excess will injure desires. Restraining is not a denial of desires 人節(jié)制欲望的目的是為了獲得更長人節(jié)制欲望的目的是為了獲得更長 時間的享受，因為過度會損欲。節(jié)時間的享受，因為過度會損欲。節(jié) 制欲望不是否認(rèn)欲制欲望不是否認(rèn)欲 望的價值。望的價值。 Company Logo 輕視物質(zhì)輕視物質(zhì)? ? Despising on material things?

14、 3.3 Company Logo Supposing that he could save the world by plucking out a hair of his shank, he would have not done it. One should stress on complete preservation of his body. 雖拔其一毛而以天下與之，彼亦雖拔其一毛而以天下與之，彼亦 不為。人應(yīng)保全自己的身體。不為。人應(yīng)保全自己的身體。 Company Logo 影響如何影響如何? ? How influential? 3.4 Company Logo 楊朱的的幸福觀首

15、次從理論上肯定楊朱的的幸福觀首次從理論上肯定 了普通人的生活的意義，為道家思了普通人的生活的意義，為道家思 想提供了一種與儒家思想完全不同想提供了一種與儒家思想完全不同 的幸福觀，使大眾能夠心安理得地的幸福觀，使大眾能夠心安理得地 追求足常樂和以長壽為福，使中國追求足常樂和以長壽為福，使中國 的傳統(tǒng)社會整體不至于浮躁不安。的傳統(tǒng)社會整體不至于浮躁不安。 他提倡的是種休閑式的幸福生活。他提倡的是種休閑式的幸福生活。 Company Logo Yang Chus views on happiness acknowledge the life values of common people theo

16、retically for the first time, provide a completely different kind of values on happiness contrasting that of Confucianism, which makes common people can comfortably lead a happy life resulting from a easily contented attitude and value longevity, so that the society of traditional China had no been so flighty and anxious as a whole. What he proposed is a happiness of leisure. Company Logo 追尋幸福？追尋幸福？ After happiness? 楊朱的幸福觀回顧楊朱的幸福觀回顧 (Review of Yang Chus Views on Happiness ) 道家的創(chuàng)始人？道家的創(chuàng)始人？ Founder of Taoism?