定語從句 (3)

1、初三英語復(fù)習(xí)之定語從句【考點掃描】中考對定語從句的考查主要集中在以下幾個方面：1定語從句的功用和結(jié)構(gòu)2關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用3各個關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法考查的主要形式是單項填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)肯定也要用到定語從句?！久麕熅v】一. 定語從句的功用和結(jié)構(gòu) 在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。例如：This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.Do you know everybody w

2、ho came to the party?I still remember the night when I first came to the village?This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.二. 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞用來引導(dǎo)定于從句，在先行詞和定語從句之間起紐帶作用，使二者聯(lián)系起來。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞又在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個成分。關(guān)系待客做主語，賓語，定語，關(guān)系副詞可作狀語。1. 作主語：關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)須和先行詞一致。例如：I dont like people wh

3、o talk much but do little.The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.2. 作賓語：She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.3. 作定語關(guān)系代詞whose在定語從句中作定語用。例如：Whats the name of the young man whose sister is a doc

4、tor?The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.4. 作狀語Ill never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.This is the house where I was born.三. 各個關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法1. who 指人，在定語從句中作主語。例如：The person who broke the window must pay for it.The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.2.

5、whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語。例如：Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.3. whose 指人，在定語從句中作定語。例如：The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.I know the boy whose father is a professor.4. which指物，在定語從中作主語或賓語。例如：A dictionary is a book which gives the me

6、aning of words.Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.5. that多指物，有時也指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。例如：Ive read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?6. when 指時間，在定語從句中作狀語。例如： Ill never forget the time when we worked on the

7、farm. He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7. where 指地點，在定語從句中作狀語。例如： This is the house where we lived last year. The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.四. 關(guān)系代詞 whom， which 在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語從句之間，有時為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將 whom 與 which 與先行詞緊挨著書寫，而將介詞置于定語從句的后面，如：That was th

8、e room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the roomwhich we had lived in for ten years.五. 具體使用時還要注意下列問題：1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情況：(1) 先行詞是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代詞時。例如： All that he said is true. (2) 先行詞被only, no, any, all,等詞修飾時。例如： He is the only foreigner that

9、has been to that place.(3) 先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞。例如：He was the second (person) that told me the secret.(4) 先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾的詞。This is the best book (that) I have read this year.(5) 先行詞既包括人又包括物時。例如：He talked about the people and the things he remembered.2. 只能用which，不用that 的情況：(1) 在非限制性定語從中。例如： The mee

10、ting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted. (2) 定語從句由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)，先行詞是物時。例如： The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.【中考范例】1. (2004年哈爾濱) -Does the teacher know everybody _ planted the trees? -Yes, he does. A. which B. whose C. where D. who 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因為先行詞是

11、人，而關(guān)系代詞又在定語從句中作主語，所以只有who合適。2. (2004年常州市中考試題) The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important. A. who B. where C. what D. that 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因為先行詞是物，而關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語，所以只有that合適。3. (2004年揚州市中考試題) -Where is the scientist _ gave us the talk yesterday? -He has gone back to Qingh

12、ua University. A. whom B. who C. whose D. which 【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因為先行詞是人，而關(guān)系代詞又在定語從句中作主語，所以只有who合適。4. (2004年益陽市中考試題)I hate people _ talk much but do little. A. whose B. whom C. which D. who 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因為先行詞是人，而關(guān)系代詞又在定語從句中作主語，所以只有who合適。【滿分演練】一. 單項填空1. -Who is the man _

13、 was talking to our English teacher? -Oh! Its Mr Baker, our maths teacher. A. he B. that C. whom D. which2. I hate the people _ dont help others when they are in trouble. A. who B. which C. they D. where3. The foreigner _ visited our school is from Canada. A. which B. when C. who D. whom4. George Ma

14、llory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which5. This is the place _I have ever visited. A. there B. when C. where D. which6. Nobody knows the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting. A. that B. which C. why D. when7. The moon is a world _ there is no life. A. tha

15、t B. which C. where D. why8. He has forgotten the day _ he arrived. A. when B. where C. that D. which9. He still remembers the days _ he spent with your family. A. when B. where C. that D. on which10. Mr. White, _ car had been stolen, came to the policeman. A. who B. that C. whose D. which11. He got

16、 to the village _ his family once lived before liberation. A. that B. which C. when D. where12. This is the house _ I want to buy. A. in which B. that C. whose D. where13. This is the house _ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked. A. which B. that C. when D. where14. He didnt tell me the pl

17、ace _ he was born. A. that B. which C. when D. where15. He lived in a small village, _ was a long way from the railway station. A. that B. which C. where D. when二. 用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞將下列每對句子連成一個復(fù)合句1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry i

18、n a college.3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.7. The man waved to us. The m

19、an was my uncle.8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science.10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor.三. 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空1. The house _ we live in is very big.2. The boy _ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.3. This is the pr

20、esent _ he gave me for my birthday.4. The man _ talked to you just now is an engineer.5. He talked about the teachers and schools _ he had visited.6. There is nothing in the world _ can frighten him.7. She wears a gold ring, _ is very uncommon in our class.8. We visited a factory _ makes toys for ch

21、ildren.9. Is this the place _ your father once lived?10. Ill never forget the days _ I joined the League.【練習(xí)答案】一. 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.B二. 1.The boy who was here a minute ago is my younger brother.2. The old man who teaches chemistry in a college is a profe

22、ssor.3. Beijing Hotel where the foreign visitors live is near Tian An Men Square.4. The woman whom you were talking about is here now.5. This is the hall where we listened to the report the other day.6. The car which just passed us was going 90 miles an hour.7. The man who waved us was my uncle.8. I

23、 enjoyed reading the book you gave me last week.9. The subject I prefer is science.10.The man I spoke to is a professor.三. 1.that/ which 2.who/ that 3.that/ which 4.who/ that 5.that 6.that 7.which 8.which/ that 9.where 10.when 十、定語從句【考點掃描】中考對定語從句的考查主要集中在以下幾個方面：1定語從句的功用和結(jié)構(gòu)2關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用3各個關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體

24、用法考查的主要形式是單項填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)肯定也要用到定語從句?！久麕熅v】一. 定語從句的功用和結(jié)構(gòu) 在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。例如：This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.Do you know everybody who came to the party?I still remember the night when I first came to the villa

25、ge?This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.二. 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞用來引導(dǎo)定于從句，在先行詞和定語從句之間起紐帶作用，使二者聯(lián)系起來。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞又在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個成分。關(guān)系待客做主語，賓語，定語，關(guān)系副詞可作狀語。1. 作主語：關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)須和先行詞一致。例如：I dont like people who talk much but do little.The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell v

26、ery well.2. 作賓語：She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.3. 作定語關(guān)系代詞whose在定語從句中作定語用。例如：Whats the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.4. 作狀語Ill never forge

27、t the day when I first came to Beijing.This is the house where I was born.三. 各個關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法1. who 指人，在定語從句中作主語。例如：The person who broke the window must pay for it.The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.2. whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語。例如：Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？Mr Lee

28、 (whom) you want to see has come.3. whose 指人，在定語從句中作定語。例如：The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.I know the boy whose father is a professor.4. which指物，在定語從中作主語或賓語。例如：A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.5. tha

29、t多指物，有時也指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。例如：Ive read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?6. when 指時間，在定語從句中作狀語。例如： Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm. He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7. where 指地點，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：

30、This is the house where we lived last year. The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.四. 關(guān)系代詞 whom， which 在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語從句之間，有時為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將 whom 與 which 與先行詞緊挨著書寫，而將介詞置于定語從句的后面，如：That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the roomwhich we had li

31、ved in for ten years.五. 具體使用時還要注意下列問題：1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情況：(1) 先行詞是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代詞時。例如： All that he said is true. (2) 先行詞被only, no, any, all,等詞修飾時。例如： He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.(3) 先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞。例如：He was the second (person) that

32、 told me the secret.(4) 先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾的詞。This is the best book (that) I have read this year.(5) 先行詞既包括人又包括物時。例如：He talked about the people and the things he remembered.2. 只能用which，不用that 的情況：(1) 在非限制性定語從中。例如： The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted. (2) 定語從句由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)，先行詞是物時。

33、例如： The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.【中考范例】1. (2004年哈爾濱中考試題) -Does the teacher know everybody _ planted the trees? -Yes, he does. A. which B. whose C. where D. who 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因為先行詞是人，而關(guān)系代詞又在定語從句中作主語，所以只有who合適。2. (2004年常州市中考試題) The letter _ I received from

34、 him yesterday is very important. A. who B. where C. what D. that 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因為先行詞是物，而關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語，所以只有that合適。3. (2004年揚州市中考試題) -Where is the scientist _ gave us the talk yesterday? -He has gone back to Qinghua University. A. whom B. who C. whose D. which 【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞

35、的選擇。因為先行詞是人，而關(guān)系代詞又在定語從句中作主語，所以只有who合適。4. (2004年益陽市中考試題)I hate people _ talk much but do little. A. whose B. whom C. which D. who 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因為先行詞是人，而關(guān)系代詞又在定語從句中作主語，所以只有who合適。【滿分演練】一. 單項填空1. -Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher? -Oh! Its Mr Baker, our maths teacher.

36、 A. he B. that C. whom D. which2. I hate the people _ dont help others when they are in trouble. A. who B. which C. they D. where3. The foreigner _ visited our school is from Canada. A. which B. when C. who D. whom4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he

37、 D. which5. This is the place _I have ever visited. A. there B. when C. where D. which6. Nobody knows the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting. A. that B. which C. why D. when7. The moon is a world _ there is no life. A. that B. which C. where D. why8. He has forgotten the day _ he arrived. A. whe

38、n B. where C. that D. which9. He still remembers the days _ he spent with your family. A. when B. where C. that D. on which10. Mr. White, _ car had been stolen, came to the policeman. A. who B. that C. whose D. which11. He got to the village _ his family once lived before liberation. A. that B. whic

39、h C. when D. where12. This is the house _ I want to buy. A. in which B. that C. whose D. where13. This is the house _ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked. A. which B. that C. when D. where14. He didnt tell me the place _ he was born. A. that B. which C. when D. where15. He lived in a smal

40、l village, _ was a long way from the railway station. A. that B. which C. where D. when二. 用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞將下列每對句子連成一個復(fù)合句1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.7. The man waved to us. The man was my uncle.8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a