大不里士集市復(fù)興_大不里士_伊朗

1、Rehabilitation of Tabriz Bazaar, Tabriz, Iran, 2006建筑設(shè)計(jì)：ICHTO東阿塞拜疆辦事處Architects: ICHTO East Azerbaijan Office1大不里士集市于 1975 年正式得到保護(hù)并在特殊監(jiān)管下運(yùn)營(yíng)。2010 年，它被收錄到世界遺產(chǎn)名 錄中。集市占地 27h m2，長(zhǎng)度超過(guò) 5.5k m。到了 20 世紀(jì)后期，其中的磚房由于年久失修開(kāi)始搖搖 欲墜，為此人們建立起了由“集市”社區(qū)、市政府 和文化遺產(chǎn)手工業(yè)及旅游組織（I C H T O）一起參 加的管理框架。試點(diǎn)的修復(fù)項(xiàng)目首先獲得了店主們 的支持，也讓后續(xù)的整體修復(fù)項(xiàng)

2、目能達(dá)到保護(hù)和振 興集市這一寶貴遺產(chǎn)的目的。在試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目中，政府 出資 85%，“集市商戶”僅出資修復(fù)成本的 15%， 但目前集市社區(qū)已經(jīng)負(fù)擔(dān)了修繕基金中 90% 的費(fèi) 用。從 2000 年以來(lái)，集市中的許多復(fù)合設(shè)施已經(jīng)在業(yè)主和租戶的共同參與下得到了修復(fù)?；A(chǔ)設(shè)施 得到了改善，也相應(yīng)增建了公共設(shè)施。集市標(biāo)志性 的復(fù)雜的磚砌構(gòu)造既是結(jié)構(gòu)、又是裝飾，在用傳統(tǒng) 技法修復(fù)建筑的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)時(shí)，修復(fù)專家必須向當(dāng)?shù)啬嗤?匠學(xué)習(xí)技藝，對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)也是具有挑戰(zhàn)性的訓(xùn)練。 建筑獨(dú)特的帆拱和圓頂呈現(xiàn)復(fù)雜的幾何形態(tài)，而圓 頂節(jié)點(diǎn)處（t i m c h e h）也和其他表面的空間一樣具 有空間上的重要性。大不里士集市是個(gè)獨(dú)特的城

3、市 保護(hù)和發(fā)展的案例，因?yàn)榻ㄖz跡在這里起著催化 劑的作用，讓集市現(xiàn)在仍能成為大不里士的動(dòng)感城 市中心。（司馬蕾 譯）21 磚拱細(xì)部/Detail of brick vaults2 細(xì)部/Detail40 WA 2013/112013阿卡汗建筑獎(jiǎng)Tabriz Bazaar was officially protected in 1975a n d co ve re d b y s p e c i a l s te w a rd s h i p m eas u re s un t il 2010, w h en i t w a s a d d e d t o th e Wo rl d Her i

4、tage List . T he complex covers 27 hectares with over 5.5 kilometres of covered bazaars. By the late 20th century, however, its brick buildings were crumbling due to decades of neglect, and a management framework was established, based on the participation of the bazaar community, together with muni

5、cipal authorities and the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organisation (ICHTO). A successful pilot restoration project was decisive in winning over shopkeepers to the advantages ensuing from an overall rehabilitation pro ject that would conser ve and revitalise the valuable heritage of th

6、e Bazaar. While in the pilot project the government contributed 85% financial coverage and thebazaaricontribution was limited to 15% of the cost of restoration, the bazaar community now provides up to 90% of the funding.Since 2000, numerous complexes within the bazaar have been rehabilitated with th

7、e participation of the owners and tenants. Infrastructure has been improved and public facilities have been built. The sophisticated brickwork throughout hallmark of the Bazaar combines both structure and ornament and proved to be a challenging training ground for current experts in restoration who

8、learned in the field from local masons as it was repaired, using traditional techniques. The unique vaulting and domes present intricate geometries and the timcheh (domed nodal crossroads) combine spatial importance with other space-covering geometries. The Tabriz Bazaar is a unique example of an ur

9、ban conser vation and development project in which heritage plays the role of catalyst and it has reclaimed its position as thedynamic urban centre of the city of Tabriz.3項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data客戶/Client: Tabriz Bazaari Community 建成時(shí)間/Completed: 2006 設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design: 1994 場(chǎng)地規(guī)模/Site Size: 27hm攝影/Photos: AK

10、AA/Amir Anoushfar43 外景/Exterior views4 剖面/SectionWA 2013/11 412013 Aga Khan Award for Architecture7897 鳥(niǎo)瞰/Aerial view8 外景/Exterior views9 鳥(niǎo)瞰/Aerial viewWA 2013/11 432013 Aga Khan Award for Architecture10評(píng)論丁力揚(yáng) ：伊朗大不里士市中心的大巴扎的整修保護(hù) 有兩個(gè)層面值得關(guān)注 ：一為原則，即強(qiáng)調(diào)復(fù)原而非 改造。工程主要采用傳統(tǒng)的材料和工藝，并盡量恢 復(fù)原貌。二為方法，即吸引建筑所承載的原生態(tài)中 的

11、原駐商戶的全面參與。他們的回歸重新激活了大 巴扎的宏觀生態(tài)，包括幾百年來(lái)生存在其中的傳統(tǒng) 商品生產(chǎn)工藝，以及內(nèi)部的公用空間都得到繼續(xù)使 用。項(xiàng)目的建筑師伊朗文化遺產(chǎn)、手工藝和旅 游組織（IC HTO）是一個(gè)教育性和研究性的集 合組織，地位和作用類似于美國(guó)的史密森尼學(xué)會(huì)， 是僅由政府提供資助和監(jiān)督、而并不進(jìn)行管理的半 官方機(jī)構(gòu)?？傊?，如參與項(xiàng)目的建筑師所說(shuō)，“大巴 扎是無(wú)法自我修復(fù)的”，歷史保護(hù)建筑的生命之延續(xù) 并不復(fù)雜，有時(shí)只需要建筑中人的生活和時(shí)間本身。鐘文凱 ：大不里士市集既可以看作是一棟具有整體性的建筑，又是一片包羅萬(wàn)象的城區(qū)。它包容了迷 宮般的內(nèi)街、無(wú)數(shù)的店鋪、大大小小的庭院、華麗 精

12、致的磚拱、戲劇性的天光、琳瑯滿目的商品、來(lái) 自世界各地的人群。市集的物質(zhì)和空間形態(tài)龐雜多 樣而又統(tǒng)一緊湊，與此共生的是商貿(mào)、集會(huì)、教育、 宗教等豐富的活動(dòng)內(nèi)容，數(shù)百年來(lái)孕育著經(jīng)久不息 的經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)與文化交流。要保持這樣一處活生生 的歷史遺產(chǎn)的原真性和可持續(xù)性，除了需要政府部 門的指引，在修復(fù)過(guò)程中發(fā)動(dòng)包括店主和租戶在內(nèi) 的所有利益相關(guān)者的參與是必不可少的。被保護(hù)的 不僅僅是有形的建筑，還有無(wú)形的傳統(tǒng)建造技術(shù)和 當(dāng)?shù)厥止に嚕约笆屑休d的經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)與文化 生活。1110 集市通道/Bazaar alley11 集市通道平面/Floor plan of bazaar alley44 WA 201

13、3/112013阿卡汗建筑獎(jiǎng)CommentsDING Liyang: T he protection and rehabilitation of the Bazaar of Tabriz embraces twofold aspects. Firstly, in terms of the principle, the project focuses on rehabilitation other than renovation. By applying traditional technique and materials, the architects help the owners res

14、tore their stores. Secondly, the work undertakes the full participation of the local tenants to put back life to the bazaar, which brings back not only the traders and customers, but also the original l a nd s c a p e o f t he b a z a a r, i nc l ud i n g t he va n i s h i n g handcrafts workshops a

15、nd trades and the integrated activities within the public space. The architect of the project, Iran Cultural Heritage, Handcrafts and Tourism Organization (ICHTO), is an educational and research institution overseeing numerous associated museum complexes throughout Iran. It is similar in scope and a

16、ctivity to the Smithsonian Institution as a semi-government owned organization, which is administered and funded by the government who is involved with any direct management. As the local architects says, The bazaar cannot sustain itself , a c t u a l l y i t i s n o t q u i t e h a rd t o k e e p t

17、 h e h i s t o r i c building alive, sometimes what needed is just the truelifetime of the people from inside.ZHONG Wenkai: Tabriz Bazaar could be seen both as a single integrated building and an all-embracing urban complex. It consists of labyrinthine covered streets, numerous shops, a variety of c

18、ourtyards, magnificent brick vaults, dramatic daylight, a glittering array of goods, and people from all over the world. The Bazaars physical and spatial configurations are expansive and diverse, yet highly unified and interconnected. It is closely inter woven with a rich program of trading , assemb

19、ling , educational, and relig ious activities , cultivating long-lasting economical, social, and cultural exchanges over the centuries. In order to preserve the authenticity and sustainability of such a living piece of histor ic her itage, in addition to g uid ance from gover nment agencies, it is i

20、mperative to mobilize all stakeholders including shop owners and tenants throughout the rehabilitation process. What have been preserved are not only the physical structures, but also the intangible traditional building techniques and local crafts, as well as the economic, social, and cultural lives

21、fostered by the Bazaar.1212 集市通道/Bazaar alleyWA 2013/11 452013 Aga Khan Award for Architecture13141513.14 拱頂/Dome15 商店/Shop46 WA 2013/112013阿卡汗建筑獎(jiǎng)16171816 清真寺祈禱室/Prayer room of a mosque17 集市通道/Bazaar alley18 拱頂/DomeWA 2013/11 472013 Aga Khan Award for Architecture2A+P/A建筑工作室2A+P/A 瑪麗亞格拉齊亞庫(kù)圖利小學(xué)Maria

22、Grazia Cutuli Primary School阿卡汗殿下His Highness the Aga Khan法羅德拉沙尼Farrokh Derakhshani郝琳HAO LinB. 1936，日內(nèi)瓦，瑞士哈佛大學(xué)伊斯蘭歷史榮譽(yù)學(xué)士 阿卡汗發(fā)展網(wǎng)絡(luò)主席B. 1952，德黑蘭，伊朗伊朗國(guó)立大學(xué)碩士 阿卡汗獎(jiǎng)全球總監(jiān)B.1971，北京，中國(guó)劍橋大學(xué)博士歐華爾建筑都市事務(wù)所 /Integer 綠色智 能設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所董事合伙人 鄉(xiāng)村營(yíng)建社創(chuàng)建人、主持建筑師成立于 2005 年羅馬，意大利B. 1936, Geneva, SwitzerlandBA (Honors) in Islamic Histo

23、ry, HarvardUniversityChairman, Aga Khan DevelopmentNetworkB. 1952, Tehran, IranMA, National University of Iran Director, Aga Khan Award for ArchitectureEstablished in 2005Rome, ItalyB.1971, Beijing, ChinaPHD., The University of Cambridge Director, Oval Partnership / Integer Intelligent & GreenCo-fou

24、nder / Principal Architect, RuralCommunity Development GroupIaN+建筑工作室IaN+ 瑪麗亞格拉齊亞庫(kù)圖利小學(xué)Maria Grazia Cutuli Primary School丁力揚(yáng)DING Liyang利昂聯(lián)合工作室Ateliers Lion Associs夏爾戴高樂(lè)法語(yǔ)學(xué)校Lyce Franais Charles de Gaulle成立于 1997 年羅馬，意大利B.1980，天津，中國(guó)賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)建筑學(xué)碩士 力禾建景建筑工作室創(chuàng)立人ICHTO大不里士集市復(fù)興 Rehabilitation of Tabriz BazaarE

25、stablished in 1997Rome, Italy成立于 1974 年巴黎，法國(guó)B.1980, Tianjin, ChinaMArch., University of PennsylvaniaFounder, landTHING ArchitectsICHTO 東阿塞拜疆辦事處成立于 1986 年 大不里士，伊朗馬里奧庫(kù)圖利Mario Cutuli瑪麗亞格拉齊亞庫(kù)圖利小學(xué) Maria Grazia Cutuli Primary SchoolEstablished in 1974Paris, FranceIran Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts andTou

26、rism Organisation (ICHTO) of EastAzerbaijan ProvinceEstablished in 1986Tabriz, Iran達(dá)格爾漢納及合伙人事務(wù)所Dagher Hanna & Partners夏爾戴高樂(lè)法語(yǔ)學(xué)校Lyce Franais Charles de Gaulle葛明GE Ming羅馬，意大利瑪麗亞格拉齊亞庫(kù)圖利基金會(huì)主 席B.1972 ，江蘇，中國(guó)東南大學(xué)博士 東南大學(xué)副教授貝魯特，黎巴嫩Rome, ItalyP re s i d e n t , t h e M a r i a Gra z i a C u t u l iFoundationB

27、eirut, LebanonB.1972, Jiangsu, ChinaPHD., Southeast University Associate professor, Southeast University名那亞杰恩Minakshi Jain納高爾堡修繕Rehabilitation of Nagaur Fortma0/emmeazero建筑工作室ma0/emmeazero瑪麗亞格拉齊亞庫(kù)圖利小學(xué) Maria Grazia Cutuli Primary School曼谷設(shè)計(jì)工作室/汶頌普雷姆塔達(dá)Bangkok Project Studio/BoonsermPremthada坎塔納電影動(dòng)畫(huà)學(xué)院 K a n t a n a F i l m a n d A n i m a t i o nInstitute艾哈邁達(dá)巴德，印度環(huán)境規(guī)劃與技術(shù)中心客座教師Groupe 3 建筑事務(wù)所Groupe 3 Architectes穆罕默德六世足球?qū)W院 Mohammed