副詞和副詞詞組

1、第十二講 副詞及副詞詞組概述：副詞是一種用來修飾動詞，形容詞，全句的詞。說明時間，地點(diǎn)，程度，方式等概念的詞。在句中用作狀語、表語、補(bǔ)語等成分。重點(diǎn)：副詞的用法難點(diǎn)：副詞在句中的位置內(nèi)容：一、副詞分類副詞和形容詞一樣，也是在句中主要作修飾成分，所不同的是，副詞（詞組）可修飾動詞、形容詞和介詞等；副詞詞組主要在句中作狀語（adverbial），表示時間、地點(diǎn)、方式等意義。1. 按詞的構(gòu)成劃分，分為簡單副詞（simple adverb）和派生副詞（derivative adverb）簡單副詞是由一個自由詞素構(gòu)成，如，early, late, fast, hard等。但絕大多數(shù)副詞是在形容詞后加派生

2、詞綴-ly構(gòu)成，即派生副詞，如：recently, nervously, cautiously, honestly等。2. 按詞匯意義劃分，可分為:1）時間副詞（adverb of time）如：ago, ahead, before, behind, beside, below, soon, now, recently, sometime, today, tomorrow, tonight, then, yesterday等。2）頻度副詞（adverb of frequency）如：always, constantly, ever, frequently, hardly, never, occ

3、asionally, often, rarely, seldom, sometimes, twice, usually等。3) 地點(diǎn)副詞（adverb of place）如：above, abroad, down, downstairs, everywhere, here, home, in, inside, out, outdoors, there, up, upstairs等。4) 疑問副詞（adverb of question）如：how, when, where, why 等。5) 方式副詞（adverb of manner）如：angrily, badly, bravely, cal

4、mly, carefully, easily, fast, happily, hurriedly, loud, loudly, quickly, quietly, rapidly, slowly, slightly, suddenly, well 等。6) 程度副詞（adverb of degree）如：a little, almost, completely, deeply, enough, extremely, fairly, fine and, good and, greatly, hardly, just, much, nearly, partly, pretty, quite, ra

5、ther, so, terribly, too, very, very much 等。7) 連接副詞（conjunctive adverb）如：, however, besides, furthermore, so, therefore, when, whenever, where, wherever, whether, why, moreover, never the less, then, thus,等。 8）解說副詞（explanatory adverb）如：as, namely 等。二、副詞的句法功能1. 作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞（短語）、連詞或整個句子i think di

6、fferently. 我有不同想法。（修飾動詞）the book is very interesting. 這本書很有趣。（修飾形容詞）she left shortly after the meeting. 會議剛結(jié)束她就走了。（修飾介詞）he fell mainly because he ate too much. 他病了，主要因為吃的太多。（修飾連詞）happily, he was not in the house then. 幸運(yùn)的是，他當(dāng)時不在那房子里。（修飾句子）2. 作表語表示位置的副詞作表語時說明主語的狀態(tài)或特征（above, across, inside, upstairs）；

7、表示動作方向的副詞作表語時是表動作意義（up, down, on, in, off, out）；well, off, up to等副詞亦可作表語。the war is still on. 戰(zhàn)爭還在進(jìn)行。summer is over，its autumn. 夏天過去，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是秋天了。the gas is off. 煤氣關(guān)上了。 the village is ten miles off. 離那個村莊10里路?！咀ⅰ吭谕ǔＧ闆r下，用作表語時不用副詞而用形容詞，如可說the woman is beautiful. 而不說 the woman is beautifully. 可說the cloth f

8、eels soft. 不能說 the cloth feels softly. 英語中用作表語的副詞主要是表地點(diǎn)的副詞以及某些與介詞同形的副詞，而且只能用于連系動詞be 后作表語，而不用于其他連系動詞后作表語，如可說he is here 或 he is abroad，但不能說he seems here 或 he seems abroad。3. 作介詞賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語某些可以表示位置的副詞可以在over, out, up, under, from, in, near, on, around, down, along等后作介詞的賓語；某些時間副詞可以在by, from, except, before

9、, after, till, since等后作介詞賓語；副詞還可與作及物動詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語或介詞with和without的賓語補(bǔ)足語。its not far from here.you can leave the goods anywhere but there. she looked everywhere except there.i didnt know her until quite recently.i went to her room only to find her out. the woman walked along the river with her head down.【注

10、】副詞用作賓語的用法十分有限，通常只用作介詞賓語，并且只限于某些表示時間和地點(diǎn)的副詞，而且不同的副詞有不同的搭配特點(diǎn)，如 here和there 可與along, around, down, from, in, near, round, up 等介詞連用，但通常不與介詞to連用，如不說come to here, go to there 等(注：from here to there是例外)，而表地點(diǎn)的副詞abroad 則只與介詞from連用，不與其他介詞連用(from )。 4. 作定語，修飾名詞或代詞 副詞修飾名詞作定語時，常放在名詞后。write your name in the place

11、below. 把你的名字寫在下面的空格處。i had to get off and take the bus behind. 我不得不下車上后面的公共汽車?！咀ⅰ吭谕ǔＧ闆r下，副詞用作定語總是放在被修飾名詞之后，若置于修飾名詞之前，則通常被視為形容詞，如the upstairs room和the room upstairs 都表示“樓上的房間”，但前者的upstairs 前置，為形容詞；后者的upstairs后置，為副詞；又如the above passage 和the passage above都可表示“上面的段落”，但前者的above 前置，為形容詞；后者的above后置，為副詞。三、副詞

12、在句中的位置1. 表示時間或地點(diǎn)的副詞一般放在句尾，并且，地點(diǎn)在前時間在后，地點(diǎn)和時間的內(nèi)部，又按從小到大的順序排列。強(qiáng)調(diào)時，它們也可放在句首。如：will you be free tomorrow? 你明天有空嗎?he lives at 75 xiangchun road, changsha. 他住在長沙市湘春路75號。2. 頻度副詞一般放在行為動詞之前，助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或動詞be之后。如：he sometimes goes there on business. 他有時到那里出差。he has never been late. 他從未遲到過。 i was never very good at

13、 maths. 我的數(shù)學(xué)從來不好。【注】若為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，有時可鈄頻度副詞放在句首，但值得注意的是，當(dāng)never, seldom 等含有否定意義的副詞放在句首時，句子須部分倒裝。如：never have i read such a book. 我從未讀過那樣的書。3. 程度副詞一般放在所修飾的形容詞或副詞之前，助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或系動詞be之后。如：the film was quite good. 那影片相當(dāng)好。the lecture was fairly good. 報告相當(dāng)不錯。its a rather sad story. 這是一個相當(dāng)凄慘的故事。【注】修飾動詞的程度副詞則通常放在動詞(及其賓語

14、)之后，有時也放在動詞之前。如：i dont like coffee very much. = i dont very much like coffee. 另外，enough修飾形容詞或副詞時，永遠(yuǎn)置于其后后。如：will you be kind enough to shut the door? 可否勞駕把門關(guān)上?its clear enough what he meant. 他是什么意思很清楚。4. 修飾動詞的方式副詞一般放在動詞(及其賓語)之后，有時也放在動詞之前。如：we must learn to speak english fluently and correctly. 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)講

15、流利正確的英語。they warmly welcomed me at their offices. 他們在辦公室熱烈歡迎了我。5. 由動詞與副詞一起所構(gòu)成的短語動詞帶賓語時，若賓語是名詞，則副詞放在名詞的前后都行；若賓語是代詞，副詞只能放在代詞之后。如：i need a few days to think over your proposal. = i need a few days to think over your proposal. 我需要幾天時間來考慮你的建議。i need a few days to think it over. 我需要幾天時間來考慮它。(不能說 think ove

16、r it)6. 地點(diǎn)副詞做定語時，須放在所修飾的名詞或代詞之后。如：the people there are very friendly. 那兒的人很友好。7. 修飾句子的副詞一般放在句首。如：frankly, i am not satisfied with it. 坦白說，我對此不滿意。luckily it was not so hot. 幸好那天不太熱。seriously i wish to work here. 說正經(jīng)的，我愿意在這里工作。8. 疑問副詞常放在句首構(gòu)成疑問句。如：how did you enjoy your christmas? 圣誕節(jié)過得如何?why havent yo

17、u been to see me all this time? 你為什么一直沒來看我?9. 關(guān)系副詞和連接副詞一般放在從句的開頭。如：i asked how he was getting on. 我問他情況怎樣。(連接副詞引起賓語從句)these are the reasons why we do it. 這些就是我們這樣做的理由。(關(guān)系副詞引起定語從句)10. 方式副詞、地點(diǎn)副詞、時間副詞等用在一起時，通常是方式副詞在前，地點(diǎn)副詞在中間，時間副詞在最后。如：the boy read quietly over there all afternoon. 這男孩整個下午都在那兒靜靜地看書?！咀ⅰ繉?/p>

18、于run / go / drive / move / walk / head / leave 等表示位置移動詞的動詞，修飾它們的多個副詞通常按“地點(diǎn)副詞 + 方式副詞 + 時間副詞”的規(guī)律排列。如：he went there happily yesterday. 他昨天高興地去了那兒。四、副詞的級1. 副詞級的構(gòu)成副詞比較級和最高級的變化形式與形容詞基本上一樣 1）副詞比較級和最高級的規(guī)則形式 副詞比較級和最高級的規(guī)則形式的構(gòu)成與形容詞比較級和最高級基本相似。單音節(jié)詞通常采用綜合形式，如： hardharder hardest fastfaster fastest latelater late

19、st earlyearlier earliest 但是，開放類副詞即以后綴-ly結(jié)尾的副詞不能像形容詞那樣加-er或-est，如 quickly more quickly most quickly quietly more quietly most quietly 【注】early與slowly中的-ly不是后綴，故可以把y變i再加er和est2）副詞比較級和最高級的不規(guī)則形式well better best much more most badly worse worst little less least 2副詞級的用法 1）副詞的比較級 副詞的比較級和形容詞比較級的用法基本一樣，其基本模

20、式是“副詞比較級+than-分句”，如：he works harder than i. 他比我工作努力。 lucy gets up earlier than lili. 露西比麗麗起床早。he dives deeper than his teammates. 他比他的隊員潛水深。 its true that he speak english more fluently than any of us. 他英語講的確實(shí)比我們?nèi)魏稳硕己谩?）副詞的最高級 副詞最高級的用法和形容詞最高級的用法基本一樣，是由“（the）+副詞最高級+比較范圍”構(gòu)成，表示對三個或三個以上人或物的比較，但副詞最高級形式句中

21、 the 可以省略。he runs fastest in our class. 他在我們班跑地最快。 our school team play football best in our region. 我們校隊在我們地區(qū)足球踢得最好的。3）副詞的同級比較 同級比較的基本模式為“as+副詞原級+as-分句”，其否定形式為“not+as（so）+副詞原級+as-分句”，如： this car runs as fast as that one. 這輛車沒有那輛車跑得快。 john doesnt behave as/so politely as bob. 約翰沒有鮑勃禮貌。五、兼有兩種形式的副詞有些副

22、詞具有兩種形式，一種與形容詞同形，一種是形容詞后加-ly構(gòu)成的，這兩種形式的副詞有時含義相同或略有不同，有時則意義完全不同。試比較下面幾組詞。1）close與closelyclose意思是近； closely 意思是仔細(xì)地 he is sitting close to me. watch him closely.2）late 與lately late意思是晚； lately 意思是最近 you have come too late. what have you been doing lately? 3）deep與deeply deep意思是“深”，表示空間深度；deeply時常表示感情上的深度

23、，“深深地”。 he pushed the stick deep into the mud. even father was deeply moved by the film. 4）high與highly high表示空間高度；highly表示程度，相當(dāng)于much the plane was flying high. i think highly of your opinion. 5）wide與widely wide表示空間寬度；widely意思是“廣泛地”，“在許多地方”he opened the door wide.english is widely used in the world.6

24、）free與freely free的意思是免費(fèi)；freely 的意思是“無限制地” you can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. you may speak freely; say what you like.講練結(jié)合：1. norway is one of _ european countries with a large land area than britain, ireland or italy.a. as bigb. the biggestc. so bigd. the bigger2. five of henrys ch

25、ildren were at the wedding party, including _ , daniel. a. an oldest oneb. the oldest onec. the old oned. an old one3. can li hua help me with my english?i regret to tell you her english is _ yours. a. as good asb. no more thanc. not better thand. as much as4. i cant pay _ as he asked for. a. a as h

26、igh priceb. as a high price c. as high priced. as high a price5. are you satisfied with jacks job?not in the least. it couldnt be _ . a. so badb. any worsec. much betterd. the best6. what does the model plane look like?well, the wings of the plane are _ of its body. a. more than the length twiceb. t

27、wice more than the lengthc. more than twice the lengthd. more twice than the length7. it was _ that both my son and my daughter couldnt put it down. a. such interesting a book b. so interesting a book c. a such interesting book d. so an interesting book8. miss langham arm in arm with mr peabody _ si

28、ght! a. how astonishing ab. so an astonishing c. what astonishing ad. such an astonishing 9. during the _ , he enjoyed a good primary education. a. first few happy years abroadb. first happy few years abroadc. happy first few abroad yearsd. first abroad few happy years10. in the 27 th olympic games,

29、 liu hongyu was supposed to win the gold medal in jogging; she failed to, _ . a. yetb. thoughc. althoughd. anyway 12. dont worry about me. ill forget it _ . a. for longb. soonerc. any longerd. in time13. would you like some wine?i dont drink wine as a rule, but i dont mind a glass _ . a. at any time

30、b. once in a while c. more or less d. all the time14. do you think the weather is good enough for a camp?you couldnt hope for _ at this time of the year. a. a nice dayb. the nice dayc. a nicer dayd. the nicest day15. the guests are _ friends of the film star. a. mostlyb. almostc. at mostd. most of a

31、ll 16. _ of the two boys can swim across the river. a. toe oldestb. an olderc. the strongest d. the older17. he will pass two milestones _ , that is, he will receive his masters degree and find a challenging job. a. long agob. not long agoc. before longd. long before18. what a pity! ive not got a ti

32、cket for the football match. dont worry. itll be broadcast _ . a. liveb. livelyc. alived. living19. finnish president said finlandchina relations had progressed _ with fruitful co-operation(合作)in new and high-tech fields. a. peacefullyb. highlyc. quietlyd. smoothly20. hes not got another job yet and

33、 its not _ he will for some time. a. likelyb. easilyc. nearlyd. lonely21. it is a beautiful cell phone but it is not _ the price that i paid for it. a. reasonable b. valuablec. fitd. worth22. these shoes are so _ that i cant put them on. a. littleb. closec. hardd. tight23. its _ a long time since i

34、started to teach at this school. a. quiteb. muchc. prettyd. so24. we do meet now and then, but not _ . a. freelyb. commonlyc. regularlyd. presently 25. i think this exhibition is _ of the two. i have never seen _ exhibition. a. by far better; the betterb. far better; a betterc. by far the better; a

35、betterd. far the better; a better26. you dont have to be angry with him. he _ wanted to know the truth. a. almostb. mostlyc. merelyd. hardly27. are you pleased with what he has done?it couldnt be _ . why didnt he put more effort into his work?a. any worseb. much betterc. so badd. the best28. whats w

36、rong?nothing serious. im just _ busy. a. muchb. morec. too muchd. far too29. he moved away from his parents and missed them _ enjoy the exciting life in china.a. too much tob. very much toc. enough tod. much so as to30. the little boy isnt getting on well in maths and worse still, he is even unwilli

37、ng to go to school. with her son _ , she feels very _ . a. disappointing；worryingb. disappointing；worriedc. disappointed；worriedd. disappointed；worrying【答案解析】1. d. than是解題的關(guān)鍵詞，即有than必用比較級。2. b. 由five可知要用最高級，最高級前面用the。3. c. 句意為“我遺憾地告訴你，她的英語不如你的好”。4. d. 在asas中，第一個as是副詞，后面一定是先接形容詞，再接名詞，即：as +adj. +n. +

38、as，故選d。5. b. 由not in the least(一點(diǎn)也不滿意)可知，“再也沒有做得(比他的)更差的了”。6. c. 考查倍數(shù)表達(dá)法：倍數(shù)+asas倍數(shù)+比較級+than倍數(shù)+the+名詞(size, length, width, height等)+of。選項中more than是最大的干擾項，more than twice(=over twice)意為“兩倍多”。7. b. so interesting a book =such an interesting book請注意冠詞的位置。8. a. 根據(jù)后面的標(biāo)點(diǎn)“!”，可排除b和d；注意：how astonishing a sig

39、ht=what an astonishing sight. 9. a. 詞序題。副詞abroad只能放在所修飾的名詞后面，排除c和d。又根據(jù)“限定語(冠詞、指示代詞、物主代詞、序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、few, less, several等某些量詞)+形容詞(描繪、大小、形狀、年齡新舊、顏色、國籍或產(chǎn)地、物質(zhì)材料、用途)+名詞”可排除b，因為限定詞few應(yīng)放在形容詞happy之前。10. b. though既可作連詞，可與although可互換；也可作副詞，位于句子末尾，此時，不能用although。yet也可表示“但是”，但不位于句末。anyway=anyhow意為“無論如何、不管怎樣”。11. d.

40、 else常放在疑問詞(如what, who, how等)或者復(fù)合不定代詞(如someone, nothing, everybody等)后面；其所有格總是elses。又如：that must be somebody elses coat; it isnt mine. 12. d. 本題中的in time不是“及時”之意，而是“遲早、終究(=sooner or later)”之意。13. b. once in a while(=occasionally偶爾)與as a rule(=usually, in most cases通常、在多數(shù)情況下)相對。14. c. 因為否定詞cant與比較級連用，

41、表示最高級含義。15. a. 因為mostly“多半 (是)”；almost“幾乎、差不多”；at most“至多”。16. d. 因為指 “(兩者中)較的那一個”，用“the +比較級”。17. c. 因為只有before lone (=soon不久以后、很快) 才與將來時連用。18. a. 因為live作“現(xiàn)場直播”解，可作形容詞也可作副詞，在此題中是副詞；live， alive, living均可作形容詞“活著的”解，live只能在動物前作定語，alive可作后置定語、表語或補(bǔ)語，living多作前置定語、表語。lively也是形容詞，意為“生動的”。19. d. 因為指雙邊關(guān)系進(jìn)展，當(dāng)

42、然用“順利”smoothly。peacefully和平地、安寧地；highly高度地、非常；quietly平靜地、寂靜地(from )。20. a. 因為likely是形容詞，意為“可能的”，在句中作表語。easily和nearly是副詞；雖然lonely(寂寞的)是形容詞，但其意義與句意不通。21. d. 因為只有be worth后才可接賓語。reasonable價格合理的；valuable有價值的或有用的；fit適合的。22. d. tight緊的。23. a. 因為只有quite才可以放在冠詞前面。24. c. 因為只有regularly(經(jīng)常地)才與now and then(偶爾)相對

43、。25. c. 表示“(兩者中)較的那一個”用“the+比較級”，排除a和b。far只能緊靠在所修飾的比較級之前，by far一般放在比較級之后，若有冠詞時，要放在冠詞之前或比較級之后。26. c. merely只是。其它選項意義不通(from )。27. a. 因為it couldnt be any worse. 意為“(他的工作做得)非常差”，與后文內(nèi)容相符。28. d. 因為too修飾形容詞或副詞，far是用來加強(qiáng)too的語氣的。而much除與比較級最高級連用外，一般是非修飾作形容詞的過去分詞及afraid, alive等。29. a. 因為tooto do sth. (太以至于不能做)

44、 是固定搭配。 30. b. 句意是：由于她的兒子令有失望，她感到非常煩惱。表示“令人的”用-ing分詞，表示“感到的”用-ed分詞。形容詞、副詞專項練習(xí)（一）用括號內(nèi)詞的正確形式填空。1. which is _ (small), the sun, the moon or the earth?2. she is _ (tall) of the two girls.3. bob never does his homework as _(careful) as mary. he makes lots of mistakes.4. in the exam, the _(careful) you ar

45、e, the _(few) mistakes youll make.5. we hope your children grow happily and _ (health).6. of all the subjects, which do you think is _ (difficult) to learn.7. the ice in the lake is as _ (thin) it was before.8. cathy did quite well in the english competition, i did even _ (well).9. which subject do

46、you like _ (well), maths, chinese or english?10. the population of china is _(large) than that of any other country in the world.11. the book is _ (interest). most of the teachers are _ in it.12. hainan island is the second _ (large) island in china.13. zhaozhou bridge is _ (old) stone arch bridge i

47、n the world.14. youre _ (terrible) late. he has already gone.15. there is _ (little) water in the glass than in the bottle.16. this is the _ (wet) summer for ten years.17. he doesnt run as _ (fast) as you.18. my _ (old) sister is three years _ (old) than i and my little brother is five years _(young

48、) than i.19. im afraid that the old woman cant go any _ (far).20. whos _ (thin), tom or mike?21. she is the _ (tall) of the twins.22. it was _ (hot) yesterday than it is today.23. of all the workers, he is _ (busy).24. this question is one of the _ (little) important of all.25. it has _ (much) rain

49、this year than last year.26. this is the _ (short) way to tiananmen square.27. among the subjects, i like maths _(well).28. i can work out the physics problem _ (easy).29. we must try to do _ (much) work with _ (little) money. 30. when spring comes, the leaves get _ (green)（二）改錯練習(xí)1. frank tarkenton

50、can throw the ball further than hart.2. the committee will discuss the matter father.3. wayne was reported some better day.4. he felt fairly tired when he entered the hospital.5. i am most ready; my paper is near finished.6. he was so overwrought that he decided to take his life.7. the smart dressed women looked out of place in the tavern.8. hardly had he reached the gangplank than he saw her.9. you can place the desk anyplace in the