工程造價外文文獻(xiàn)

1、畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯院 系：土木工程與建筑系年級專業(yè)：08級工程管理姓 名：陳鈴花學(xué) 號：0809012141附 件：on the whole process of construction project cost control指導(dǎo)老師評語： 指導(dǎo)教師簽名：年 月 日on the whole process of construction project cost control【abstract】: this article mainly introduced the engineering project cost control throughout the whole proces

2、s of project implementation, including project decision-making, project design, project bidding, project construction and completion of the settlement this five stages.【keywords】: project, the construction cost, engineering, project, construction, project costengineering project cost control through

3、out the whole process of project implementation, including project decision-making, project design, project bidding, project construction and completion of the settlement this five stages. according to the statistics show that, in the project decision-making stage and design stage, and the influence

4、 of construction project cost is a 40% chance-75%; and in construction stage, influence the possibility of construction project cost is only 5%-25%. obviously, control the cost of the key link is in the project implementation of decision-making and design stage before. and from a stage program speak

5、ing, construction management can play a decisive role. to control the engineering cost is in the design phase, project decision stage, stage of construction, project bidding, completed the stage of the settlement construction engineering cost incurred amount of control in the approval within the lim

6、it, and correct the deviation of at any time, ensure division breakdown their investment goal the realization, to get the best economic benefit and social benefit.1 whole process cost control each phase of the basic situationthe whole process of construction project cost control can be divided into

7、the following basically five stages:1.1 construction project cost control decision-making stage project investment decision is choice and decided to invest action process, is aiming project on the necessity and feasibility of technical and economic the authentication, correct decision-making is reas

8、onable and the premise to control the engineering cost, including feasibility study, investment estimation, financial foundation estimates and evaluation data. project investment decision stage cost control and management of the key is: 1) completes the project decision-making before preparation. co

9、mprehensive collecting have material, including equipment operation, equipment technical parameters, the construction market dynamic and other related content of the original records and information. to do the scientific research work and then find out need emphasizes to solve the problems. 2) to do

10、 a project proposal and feasibility studies reports. must according to the market demand and development prospects, reasonably determine the scale of the project and construction standards. two applications should be strong conviction and feasibility. in the fight for early project at the same time,

11、 should be completed as soon as possible of the feasibility study. 3) science to develop the construction projects of benefit analysis of activities of investment estimate and work. the preparation of investment estimate to have the basis, to be as careful as possible and reasonable. from reality, f

12、ull consideration to during the project that may arise during the process of all kinds of accidents and unfavorable factors, as well as their cost of the project may produce negative effects, want to consider the market situation and construction of the reserve price during the floating coefficient,

13、 like this can make the investment basically accord with the actual and leave room, make the investment estimate really play the role of control the total investment in the project. 1.2 project cost control design stage the government in accordance with the examination and approval according to regu

14、lation, design institute of professional elaborate design, the strict control of cost engineers, the engineering construction cost control design stage trinity optimal combination. the construction project design is by plans to reality decisive significance of the work phase, design work is one of t

15、he important principles to ensure that the design integrity, designed for this work include the design evaluation and comparison, the design scheme optimization design budgetary estimate, the compiling and examination, the list of quantities and control the compiling and price review. 1) reasonable

16、function orientation and reliable design quality, meet the national standards, meet the project function requirement, this is the quality of the design of the four basic requirements. the function of the construction project positioning, first must do with national conditions, reflect the national s

17、trength. at the same time, the engineering design must meet the construction procedure in each stage of depth requirements, avoid and prevent sanchez (budget exceeds the estimation, the budget exceeds the budget estimates, the settlement) takes place. 2) optimizing design scheme, effective control o

18、f the project cost. the design phase of the project cost control and management is not a simple design institute work content, the construction unit should also actively cooperate, have prior control and active management role. the construction unit in the review of the design unit design documents,

19、 first of all the attention to the optimization of design schemes of, should be based on all kinds of index and material to the total plane design, construction space and plane design for analysis. the two analysis of the cost of the project will not only, a major impact on construction and operatio

20、n and the production, management have a great impact, but also for construction and operation of the production, management has significant correlation. in the choice of technology solutions, we should persist in china from the actual conditions of, in order to improve the benefit of investment for

21、the premise, actively and steadily introducing advanced and reasonable technical scheme and mature new technology, new technology. 3) executes limitation for engineering design. to effectively control the construction cost, should be in the design process of the quota design way. the so-called quota

22、 design in accordance with approved reliability is in the study, investment estimation forehead design and construction design, and to guarantee the use function, under the premise of according to the distribution of after thinning investment quota control, professional design, to try to stop not re

23、asonable to change, in order to ensure that the total investment is not a breakthrough. decomposition of total investment and project is a total of quota design and effective ways and main method, it is the design stage of the examination will be investment and decomposing the quantity of each profe

24、ssional, and then after thinning the decomposition to each unit engineering and the division of engineering, through the layers of decomposition to realize to the investment quota control and management, but also to achieve to design specifications, design standards, engineering quantity and project

25、 budget index, and other aspects of the management and control. preliminary design must be in the feasibility study stage of investment estimate approval for the bottom line, and through the limitation of the way to control budget not more than the investment estimate, the focus is on the quantities

26、 and equipment, material control. so the amount of quota design and shall be in the feasibility study stage of design project examination and equipment, material standard as the basis for a feasibility study stage cannot be determined preliminarily concluded that for certain quantity. for the design

27、, each professional design personnel should conscientiously strengthen project cost consciousness, and strictly according to the limit the decomposition of the design to control the project investment, to ensure that the design according to the limit in the decomposition of the investment to control

28、 the project, to secure the use function, under the premise of engineering cost and effort to control project in the limit of. to encourage and promote design personnel well design scheme selection, should introduce a competitive mechanism and implement bidding for the design, make the design units

29、and design personnel increase market competition consciousness, try our best to make a design scheme more attain perfect. 1.3 project tendering and bidding and sign a contract stage analysis of the specific conditions of the construction project, and according to the quantities bill valuation method

30、, nine ministries to standard prepare the tender documents in the tender documents. through the bid opening bid assessment, voted for a is able to satisfy the tender documents, the provisions of the comprehensive evaluation standard, 2 it is able to meet the requirements of the tender documents and

31、substantial after the appraisal bids the lowest price, but the bid price below the cost of except the winning bidder. the winning bidder is determined; the bid-winning notice issued in accordance with law, and in accordance with the tender documents and the bid documents of the winning bidder conclu

32、des a contract in writing. 1) the tender documents to the list of quantities of programming. the list of quantities by the construction bidding, it is to point to by the bid invitation unit to provide a uniform bidding documents (including the quantities bill), bidding unit based on this, according

33、to the tender documents to the list of quantities and the relevant requirements, the construction and the actual situation of the worked the construction organization design, according to the enterprise quota or refer to the competent administrative department of construction of the current consumpt

34、ion quota released and cost management agencies released to the market price of bid price quotation information, and the bid invitation unit selected according to the process of the winning bidder. 2) to the list of quantities of law base price. the list of quantities of floor price under standard s

35、hall be in strict accordance with the standard to prepare to the list of quantities of engineering quantity are and comprehensive project content, according to the market price. detailed list of engineering quantity of engineering quantity and wrote out the comprehensive project content may not be a

36、ltered, fluctuation, must be kept and the bidding unit pricing the unity of the caliber. if the list of quantities and prepare the tender of base price is not same unit, should pay attention to release the list of quantities of the bidding documents and establishment of the strike to the list of qua

37、ntities in the format and contents, description and so on various aspects keeps consistent, avoid from here and the result of failure or tender evaluation an injustice. 3) the construction contract choice. the contract type selection should consider the factors include: the project scale and time li

38、mit for a project length, project competition, and project single engineering projects are clear degree, the length of time, the project of the external environment factors. in the choice of the contract type, although the developer has the initiative, but the developer cant only consider their own

39、interests, comprehensive consideration of the project shall be of various factors, consider the contractor bear ability, determined by the both parties of the contract type. 1.4 project project construction cost control because of project construction cycle is long, the economic relations and laws i

40、nvolving the complex relationship by natural conditions and objective, the great influence, lead to the actual situation of the project and project tendering and bidding situation will be compared has some changes. therefore, often in engineering change and the contract price adjustment, the enginee

41、ring claims this stage include the value of the project construction settlement and use fund plan and application. 1) try to control engineering change and the visa. in the project construction process, engineering change and the visa is inevitable, but will be powerful control. due to the existence

42、 of loopholes for construction drawing and any defects and lead to change, except in the design drawings audit strictly when the party should be in the design, consultation, co-examination and technical consultation when carefully examine and check, in order to find the early to eliminate hidden dan

43、gers. change hidden trouble found earlier, may cause loss of the small. so, should as far as possible to the design change control in the design stage initial, especially for those who can seriously affect engineering, more to want to use down after the first, change measures solved properly. even i

44、n the construction process, also should strictly according to the visa procedures and provisions, such ability make project cost control effectively. 2) audit strictly engineering construction drawing budget. supervisors should according to the progress of the construction drawing design plan and th

45、e construction of the actual schedule, timely construction drawing budget approved. beyond the corresponding to budget and construction drawing budget. beyond the corresponding to the budget estimates construction drawing design part, will be detailed analysis, find out the cause, and promptly and p

46、roject principal contact, depending on how to adjust or amend the truth agreed control goals. this is the cost of the project of dynamic control and management. 3) into the scene, collect and master information related to the construction, do contract management work in project construction process,

47、 the personnel and cost control personnel related to often deeply the construction site, contrast carefully check construction drawings, and to project contract as the basis, the construction site to grasp the dynamic, assist owners to review and appraisal, because of the change of the design, the s

48、cene and visa and the additional costs is reasonable. 1.5 the final accounts of the completed project phase and after completion engineering warranty the final accounts of the completed project is based on real number and currency index for the units of measure, which reflects the comprehensive comp

49、leted projects start to project completion for all of the delivery of the construction cost, construction achievements and financial situation summary of the documents. completed the final accounts by, completion financial final accounting statements, project completion figure, and project completio

50、n cost analysis of four parts. the quality repair warranty is a kind of after-sales service way, is the quality of contractor responsibility, among this warranty scope involves, period, economic responsibility and warranty costs and expenses processing. 1) audit completed projects compliance with th

51、e terms of these contract requirements content, whether acceptance, in the contract, the method of settlement, price basis, fees standard, advocate material price and discount and commitment to the facts are carried out. 2) audit component project and project unit price of fees whether the program s

52、pecification, and presence of repetition and mistakes. 3) check take cover engineering acceptance record, see if any supervision engineer is signed, the completion of the project completion and whether chart are in agreement. 4) examine the change of the design in the original design of visa is a un

53、it chief sign, whether the construction unit and supervision engineer is signed, the significant change of the design of the original design is the competent department for examination and approval. the above a not meeting the requirements, all cant calculate settlement range. 5) figure, according t

54、o the change of the design, completion visa checking the scene of engineering. 6) prepare tally with the actual situation of the completion settlement report, in the strict, reasonable, fairness, justice, and on the basis of the use situation of investment and project cost control management as the

55、necessary analysis and summary. 2 the current cost control management problems of research at present our countrys basic construction system and process can ensure the engineering construction investment is effectively control and management, but in the practice process, there are still many problem

56、s to study it, as shown in the various stages of the disjointing of cost control, because of project decision-making and design, project bidding, project implementation and completion settlement auditing the four stages of the cost control and management of the construction units and are competent d

57、epartment, designing units, consulting unit lead implement, railway, the police a tube, so it is difficult to set up the former control the latter, and the latter influence the former the effective management of the system. 2.1 ignore investment stage and design phase of the cost control at present

58、some design units in order to meet the time limit for construction unit, in order to drive plan and not enough jobs meticulous, led to construction drawing design depth is not enough, some of the projects (such as decoration parts) and even appeared practices and selection explanation not clear, des

59、ign and the actual cost budget created serious deviation, budget documents are not complete, etc. some design units do not follow the principle of value engineering, optimization design, but seek high security and design fees, even with the owner in collusion, cause low quoted price is high and settlement. 2.2 the bidding phase dont respect the market rule