延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別及用法

1、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別及用法一、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞的概念 英語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞按其動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式、動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)程的長(zhǎng)短，可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響。如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。 終止性動(dòng)詞也稱非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞或短暫性動(dòng)詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如open,close,finish,begin,come,go,arrive,reach,getto,leave,move,

2、borrow,buy等。 二、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法特征 1.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，其完成時(shí)態(tài)可與表示段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。表示段時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)有：fortwoyears,duringthepastthreeyears,sincelastyear,howlong等。如：IhavelearnedEnglishsinceIcamehere.自從我來(lái)到這兒就學(xué)英語(yǔ)了。 2.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與表示短暫時(shí)間的點(diǎn)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：Itraindateightyesterdaymorning.(誤)rain為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而ateight表示點(diǎn)時(shí)間，前后顯然矛盾。如果用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示一瞬間的動(dòng)作，可以借助come,b

3、egin,get等終止性動(dòng)詞來(lái)表示。上句可改為：Itbegantorainateightyesterdaymorning.(正)又如： -WhendidyougettoknowJack? -Twoyearsago. -Thenyouveknowneachotherformorethantwoyears. -Thatsright. 三、終止性動(dòng)詞的用法特征 1.終止性動(dòng)詞可用來(lái)表示某一動(dòng)作完成，因此可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如： Thetrainhasarrived.火車到了。 Haveyoujoinedthecomputergroup?你加入電腦小組了嗎？ 2.終止性動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作極其短暫，不能持續(xù)。

4、因此，不可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用(只限肯定式)。如： (1)他死了三年了。 誤：Hehasdiedforthreeyears. 正：Hehasbeendeadforthreeyears. 正：Hediedthreeyearsago. 正：Itisthreeyearssincehedied. 正：Threeyearshaspassedsincehedied. (2)他來(lái)這兒五天了。 誤：Hehascomehereforfivedays. 正：Hehasbeenhereforfivedays. 正：Hecameherefivedaysago. 正：Itisfivedayssincehecameh

5、ere. 正：Fivedayshaspassedsincehecamehere. (1)、(2)句中的die、come為終止性動(dòng)詞，不能與表示段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。那么，應(yīng)如何正確表達(dá)呢？可以采用下面的四種方法： (1)將句中終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如上面兩例中的第一種正確表達(dá)方式。下面列舉幾例：leavebeaway,borrowkeep,buyhave,begin/startbeon,diebedead,movetolivein,finishbeover,joinbein/beamemberof,opensth.keepsth.open,fallillbeill,getupbeup,

6、catchacoldhaveacold。 (2)將句中表示段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)改為表示過(guò)去確定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，如下面兩例中的第二種正確表達(dá)方式。 (3)用句型Itis+段時(shí)間+since.表達(dá)原意，如上面兩例中的第三種正確表達(dá)方式。 (4)用句型時(shí)間+haspassed+since.表達(dá)原意，如上面兩例中的第四種正確表達(dá)方式。 3.終止性動(dòng)詞可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)否定式中，成為可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因而可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如： Hehasntleftheresince1986. Ihaventheardfrommyfatherfortwoweeks. 4.終止性動(dòng)詞的否定式與until/till連用，構(gòu)成no

7、t+終止性動(dòng)詞+until/till.的句型，意為直到才。如： YoucantleavehereuntilIarrive.直到我到了，你才能離開這里。 IwillnotgotobeduntilIfinishdrawingthepicturetonight.今天晚上直到我畫完畫，我才上床睡覺。 5.終止性動(dòng)詞可以用于when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，但不可以用于while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中。when表示的時(shí)間是點(diǎn)時(shí)間(從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用終止性動(dòng)詞)，也可以是段時(shí)間(從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)。而while表示的是一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間或過(guò)程，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如： WhenwereachedLondo

8、n,itwastwelveoclock.(reach為終止性動(dòng)詞) Pleaselookaftermydaughterwhile/whenweareaway.(beaway為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)) 6.終止性動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)不可與howlong連用(只限于肯定式)。如： 誤：Howlonghaveyoucomehere? 正：Howlonghaveyoubeenhere? 正：Whendidyoucomehere? 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及其轉(zhuǎn)換動(dòng)詞按其動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式、發(fā)生過(guò)程的長(zhǎng)短可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。一.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, k

9、now, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以與表示時(shí)間段的狀語(yǔ)連用。表示時(shí)間段的短語(yǔ)有:for+一段時(shí)間,for 2 years; since從句,since he came here; since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)名詞,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。例:He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed ther

10、e for 2 weeks last year. How long did you stay there last year? 二.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也稱終止性動(dòng)詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作,這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在肯定句中與表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的狀語(yǔ)連用，如：two years ago; at 5 oclock;例:He died 5 years ago.否定的終止性動(dòng)詞可以與表示時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例:I havent left here for 3 ye

11、ars. I havent heard from him for 3 weeks. 三.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換：leave - be away, borrow - keep, buy - have, begin/start - be on, die - be dead, finish - be over, join - be in+組織機(jī)構(gòu), be a member of+組織機(jī)構(gòu), open sth - keep sth open, fall ill - be ill, get up-be up, catch a cold - have a cold, come here - b

12、e here, go there - be there, become - be, come back - be back, fall asleep - be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach - be (in), leave - be away from, get to know - know, go (get) out be out， put on wear；catch a cold have a cold等。 例:The old man died 4 years ago. -The old man has been dead for 4 years. - It i

13、s 4 years since the old man died. -Four years has passed since the old man died. He joined the Party 2 years ago. -He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago. - I have had the book for 5 days. 補(bǔ)充練習(xí)：1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. has left B. ha

14、d left C. has been away D. had been away2. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in3. The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened4. Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made

15、D. have become5.You mustnt _ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left6.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over7.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught8.Ben _ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has beco

16、me C. was D. became9. I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned10. How long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead11. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon.A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept12.He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had

17、13.-How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been14.Since 2000, he _ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from15.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take16.The bus _ on the road for 2 hours so far. A. has

18、 stopped B. stopped C. has been17.Are you _ the jacket these days? A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. on18.He _ foe 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up C. has been up19. Tom is ill in hospital. He _ a cold for several days. A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had20.- How long can I _ the book? -

19、 Two weeks.A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keepKey:1-5 D C A B B; 6-10 C A A B C; 11-15 B C C C B; 16-20 C A C D D初中英語(yǔ)中短暫性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法英語(yǔ)中，按動(dòng)詞延續(xù)的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短，可將動(dòng)詞分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和短暫性動(dòng)詞。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞如learn, study, work, play, wait等。短暫性動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，即動(dòng)作一開始便結(jié)束的動(dòng)詞，又可稱結(jié)束性動(dòng)詞，瞬間動(dòng)詞，如come, go, begin, start, become, join, end, die, buy, arrive

20、, reach, borrow, lend, get to know等。一短暫性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中用法（一）：表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去，迄今已經(jīng)完成，并對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響或產(chǎn)生結(jié)果的動(dòng)作， 常用ever, yet, already, just等狀語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可是短暫性動(dòng)詞。如：She has just borrowed the book from the library.(borrow是短暫性動(dòng)詞) I have learned a little about Japanese. (learn 是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中用法（二）：表示始于過(guò)去某時(shí)并一直延續(xù)

21、到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與表示始于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻并一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：They have lived in Nantong since 1990. (live 是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞） Mr. Black has worked here since he came to China.(work 是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞) I have learned English for two and a half years.(learn 是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)所以，在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中用法（二）中，在表示持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的句子中，應(yīng)將短暫性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為相同意義的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。初中英語(yǔ)中常見的有： 結(jié)束性動(dòng)詞go, leave

22、, movearrive, come, reachjoin, becomebuy, get(得到)fall ill (asleep)finish, endbegin , startbegin to learn (work ,read，rain)go outget upborrowget to knowdielose延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞be away (off), be out of be here , be in +某地be in , be a (an) + n.havebe ill (asleep)be overbe onlearn, work , read, rainbe outbe upkeepk

23、now be deadbe lost例如：1. His grandfather has died for ten years.(F) His grandfather has been dead for ten years.(T)2. My brother has joined the army for five years.(F) My brother has been in the army for five years.(T) My brother has been an armyman for ten years.(F)3. He has gone away for a week.(F)

24、 He has been away for a week.(T)4. The film has begun for fifteen minutes.(F) The film has been on for fifteen minutes.(T)但是，短暫性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定形式可以表示一種延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段的狀語(yǔ)連用。如:（1）Mrs. Smith hasnt left her hometown for twenty years. 史密斯太太已有二十年沒有離開家鄉(xiāng)了。 (2) The little girl hasnt come to my home for a long ti

25、me. 這個(gè)小孩已有好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒來(lái)我家了。 （3）I havent borrowed the books from the library for two months. 我已有兩個(gè)月沒從這個(gè)圖書館借書了。二在When, while, as 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中短暫性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用。when, while, as 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句都可表示當(dāng)時(shí)，但也有區(qū)別。when可指一段時(shí)間，也可指一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，既可表示短暫性，一時(shí)性的動(dòng)作，又可表示延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作。由when引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也可以是短暫性動(dòng)詞。while只能表示延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，不能表示一時(shí)性或短暫性的動(dòng)作，引導(dǎo)的

26、狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。as所表示的動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，具有延續(xù)的含義，一般同延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用。as 和 while 可譯為“一邊一邊”，“正當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”。例如：(1) She came into the room when (while, as) the meeting was going on.(go on 為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞詞語(yǔ)) 正當(dāng)開會(huì)的時(shí)候，他走進(jìn)了房間。（指一段時(shí)間）（2）When she comes, I shall tell her to wait for you.(come是短暫性動(dòng)詞) 她來(lái)的時(shí)候我會(huì)叫她等你的。（指一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，不能用while)(3) I made ma

27、ny friends when (while) I lived in Beijing. (live 是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞) 我住在北京時(shí)交了許多朋友。（指一段時(shí)間）（4）While ( As) Helen was reading , Jack was writing.(read是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞) 海倫閱讀時(shí)，杰克在寫東西。（指一段時(shí)間）三（not）.till / until句式中短暫性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用。till 和 until 這兩個(gè)詞的意思都是直到，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表示一端時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，其后的介詞賓語(yǔ)或從句表明這段時(shí)間的終點(diǎn)，用法相近，但在句首只能用until。在肯定句中，主句要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；正在否定句中，

28、until或till 可以和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，這時(shí), until和before 同義，not.until 和 not.before 意思相同，表示直到.才,在.以前不。例如：（1）My father kept working in the office till (until) twelve oclock last night. 我父親昨晚在辦公室一直工作到十二點(diǎn)。 (2) I waited there till (until) noon yesterday. 我昨天在那兒一直等到中午。(3) She stood there till (until) he had passed out of sight. (stand為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞) 她站在那里看著，直