時態(tài) 現(xiàn)在完成時

1、時態(tài) 現(xiàn)在完成時Present perfect Tense & Present perfect continuous TensePreview SheetPresent perfect Tense謂語構成：_ 現(xiàn)在完成時用法1、表示過去發(fā)生的事情但影響到目前或?qū)怼?*I have just cleaned my clothes我剛洗過衣服。（cleaned是發(fā)生的動作，對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是“衣服干凈了”）。2、表示過去重復發(fā)生的動作也可以在將來重復發(fā)生 *He has handled every situation well. (we expect him to continue.)3、表示過

2、去的動作不發(fā)生在過去但可能發(fā)生在將來，要使用否定式 not 或者 never *Yao hasnt returned to China since joining the Rockets. 4、表過去開始的動作一直延續(xù)的到現(xiàn)在的， 用時間狀語連詞for或者since. *I have been here for just over two years我到這里才兩年多。用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句型1）It is the first / second time. that結(jié)構中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時。例： It is the first time that I have visited the city

3、. 這是我第一次到訪這個城市。 -Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I have been here.2）This is the that結(jié)構，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時.例：This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。 This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing.這是我第一次聽他唱歌?，F(xiàn)在完成進行時的用法一、現(xiàn)在完成進行時的構成方法現(xiàn)在完成進行時由“_”構成。二、現(xiàn)在完成進行時用法說明表示現(xiàn)

4、在以前這一段時間里一直在進行的動作，這動作可能仍在進行，也可能已停止：He_ television all day. 他看了一天電視了。He _ this work for three years. 這工作他已干了三年了。It _ since last Sunday. 自上周星期日以來就一直在下雨?，F(xiàn)在完成進行時 、現(xiàn)在完成時 & 過去時 的區(qū)別I 都可表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果： 現(xiàn)在進完成進行時：have/ has + been + V 進行時 表示的結(jié)果是直接：E.g. 1.we have been cleaning the classroom.我們打掃教室來著(其直接結(jié)果可能是

5、：1.我們身上都是灰, 2.教室剛剛打掃.)2. Be careful! John has been painting the door. 約翰剛剛把門油漆過，(現(xiàn)在油漆還未干)，所以你要小心。 現(xiàn)在完成時：have/ has V.過去分詞 表示的是最后的結(jié)果： E.g. 1. We have cleaned the classroom我們把教室打掃過了 (其結(jié)果是：1.現(xiàn)在教室很清潔，可以用了。2.可能表示教室是昨天打掃的)2.John has painted the door約翰已經(jīng)把門油漆過。（油漆可能已干了）。 過去時Past Tense：表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生

6、的動作。說話的側(cè)重點只是陳述一件過去的事情，不強調(diào)對“現(xiàn)在”產(chǎn)生的影響。E.g. We cleaned the classroom我們打掃教室過。(強調(diào)的是打掃教室的事情)II 現(xiàn)在完成進行時通常表示動作有延續(xù)性（一直），而現(xiàn)在完成時往往沒有。 現(xiàn)在完成進行時：（表示動作延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在進行，沒有完成）1、I have been waiting for a letter from my parents.我(一直)在等我父母的來信。2、It has been raining for three hours.雨（一直）下了三個小時了。3、We have been studying here sinc

7、e 2004. 自從2004年以來，我們(一直)在這里學習。4、They have been widening the road. 他們（一直）在加寬馬路。（但尚未完工） 現(xiàn)在完成時：（表動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束）1、I have waited for a letter from my parents.我在等我父母的來信。（可能已經(jīng)等到）2、It has rained for three hours.雨（已經(jīng)）下了三個小時了。（可能停了）3、We have studied here since 2004. 自從2004年以來，我們在這里學習。 過去時：表述以前發(fā)生的事情，對現(xiàn)在沒有關系。）1、I wait

8、ed for a letter from my parents.我等我父母的來信。（只說過去發(fā)生的事情。）2、It rained for three hours.雨（已經(jīng)）下了三個小時了。（表昨天以前的一場雨。）3、We studied here in 2004. 2004年我們在這里學習。（這里不可以和since 連用）4、They widened the road. 他們加寬馬路。（只是說過去發(fā)生的事情，動作沒有對現(xiàn)在沒有影響。）III 現(xiàn)在完成進行時比較生動，有時含有明顯的感情色彩，而現(xiàn)在完成時往往只說明一個事實，一種影響或結(jié)果，平鋪直敘，沒有什么感情色彩可言。例1 a）What hav

9、e you been doing？ b）What have you done？a句表示驚異。 b句只是一個問題。例2 a） I have been wanting to meet you for long b） I have long wanted to meet you a比b更親切，更有禮貌。例3 a） Recently Mary has been doing her work regularly b） Recently Mary has done her work regularly a句顯然是在表揚瑪麗。 b只說明一個事實。例4 a） Whos been eating my apple

10、s？b） Whos eaten my apples？a句有強烈的感情色彩，表示憤怒不滿，兼有進行時態(tài)，所以有“蘋果未被全部吃光”的意思 b句只是希望回答的一個問題。是完成時態(tài)，說明“蘋果一個不剩了”。After-class Consolidation Sheet一、用所給詞的適當形式填空1 They _ (move) to the south in 1990 and _ (live) there since then.2 Eric _ (leave) home last year and _ (just come) back.3 Justin _ (be) away from home for

11、 several days. He _(disappear) last Friday.4 They _(buy) this house three years ago and they _ (live) here since then.5 My brother _ (go) to see my grandpa last week. He _ (visit) him three times this month.二、選擇填空1. _ that dress when I first saw you at the station?A. Were you wearing B. Have you wor

12、n C. Did you wear D. do you wear2. Kate doesnt look very well. Whats wrong with her? She has a headache because she _ too long; she ought to stop work. A. has been reading B. had read C. is reading D. was reading3. “Tell the students to stop shouting. We _ our essays.” A. write B. have been writing

13、C. are writing D. have written4. My uncle, Sam,_ manager of the firm.A. has just made B. is just being made C. has just been made D. is just made5. This is the first time the students _ to Hyde Park. A. have gone B. have been C. have been going D. are being gone6. She _ her mothers work since she wa

14、s admitted into hospital. A. is doing B. has been doing C. has done D. has been done7. Now that you _ , what are you going to do? A. are being returned B. have been returning C. have been returned D. have returned8. I _ the incident as if it were yesterday. A. am still to remember B. have still been

15、 remembering C. am being still remembered D. still remember9. Where_ the map? I cant see anywhere. I _ it right here just now.A. did you put; have put B. have you put; putC. had you put; was puttingD. were you putting; have put10. John told Mary that he _ what he was doing during the vacation. A. wa

16、s just asked B. was just asking C. had just been asked D. had just asked11. I started my teaching career at the school. That was more than twenty years ago, and I _ there ever since. A. was B. had been C. will be D. have been12. We _ fine weather for the past few days. A. have B. are having C. have

17、been had D. have been having13. It _ every day so far this month. A. is raining B. rains C. has rained D. has been rained14. By the end of last year they _ 1,000 machines. A. turned out B. had turned out C. would turn out D. had been turned out15.Dont put the waste on the ground. Oh, Im very sorry.

18、I _ the dustbin there. A. dont see B. isnt seeing C. didnt see D. havent seen16. Good heavens! There you are! We _ anxious about you. We _ you back much earlier all through the night. A. are; expect B. were; had expectedC. will be; are expectingD. have been; were expecting17. Although medical science _ control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is tha