高中英語選修七-Unit-02-B匯編

1、2. Complete the following passage. (News, 16/04/2321) Historical research shows that in the 22nd century many people told stories about how, at one time, people could buy robots as house decorators. The robots would _ the literature for the latest ideas in home decoration. Often the robots would _ d

2、esigns that were grander than their owners wanted. Brightly colourd _ and _ would be suggested together with brightly patterned walls can carpets. Some of the _ in the shop thought that the designs were _. While some owners were firm with their robots suggestions, others would _ and walk out of the

3、shop, feeling embarrassed. A few other robots would even get into physical fights with their owner in public as their electrical system sometimes would set off the shops _. After a while the government decided such behavior was not appropriate and passed a law _ robots should not leave the house. So

4、 robots became household cleaners or industrial workers instead!scanfavourcushions/ beddingsbeddings/cushionsclerksawfulturn around alarmsdeclaringRevising useful structuresEx. 1 be tested out be harmed be offered was amazed was not allowed be discovered be completely transformed were impressed be e

5、nvied be rebuiltEx. 2 The companys new car is going _ in the coming months. Since Claire had become attached to Tony, the robot needed _. Tim refused _ by his father when he went for a haircut. The desire _ a great writer inspires many young authors. He felt it absurd _ hatred for someone he had nev

6、er met. The new product is available _ by interested customers. She was very beautiful but she did not like _ by so many people. Since these aprons are such poor quality, they need _ and taken back to the shop.to be designedto be rebuiltto be accompaniedto be known asto be filled withto be tested ou

7、tto be set asideto be enviedEx. 3 One the morning of December 19th, Marion began to writer her cards for Christmas. There were so many. She looked at the list of Christmas cards that she planned to send. They _ in the alphabetical order of the receivers family names. There were sixty in all. The car

8、ds would _ into six piles of ten. She planned to write a few every afternoon because from then on until Christmas her time would _ into shopping, cooking as well as writing the cards. But that afternoon there would be no time for cards. She was going to learn how to display flowers beautifully. She

9、was _ by her neighbor, Sally. They _ to a community programme. Then on Christmas Day their families would _ by lovely flower displays, special cuisine, excellent presents, and above all family affection. Marion _ to her family and enjoyed making them happy. Thinking of that she sighed happily and be

10、gan to write the first card.were listedbe dividedbe organizedto be accompaniedwere connectedbe surroundedwas attached Revision of Revision of Passive Voice Passive VoiceGrammar My mother felt alarmed when I had my hair coloured purple. My mother was alarmed when I had my hair coloured purple. Look a

11、t the sentences.Look at the sentences.Is this a passive sentence?No!No!使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況1. 我們不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)我們不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí) 行者是誰的時(shí)候行者是誰的時(shí)候(這時(shí)不帶這時(shí)不帶by引起的短引起的短語語)。Printing was introduced to Europe fromChina. (省略了省略了by短語。）短語。）Look! There is nothing here. Everything has been taken away. (省略了省略了by短語。）短語

12、。）2. 當(dāng)我們出于禮貌、措辭圓通等方面的當(dāng)我們出于禮貌、措辭圓通等方面的 考慮不愿說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰時(shí)?？紤]不愿說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰時(shí)。You are requested to give a performance.You are cordially(誠摯地誠摯地) invited to a party to be given at the Teachers Clubat 3 p.m. Nov. 23. 3. 當(dāng)我們強(qiáng)調(diào)或興趣在動(dòng)作的承受者當(dāng)我們強(qiáng)調(diào)或興趣在動(dòng)作的承受者 時(shí)時(shí)(這時(shí)可帶這時(shí)可帶by引起的短語引起的短語)。The song was composed（組成組成; 寫作）寫作）b

13、y a student. A good time was had by all.被動(dòng)語態(tài)由被動(dòng)語態(tài)由be過去分詞構(gòu)成，過去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時(shí)隨時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化。以態(tài)的變化而變化。以give為例，各種時(shí)為例，各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式為：態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式為：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/aregiven 【例句】【例句】The first section of New College English is designed for speaking practiceand is based on pictures and topics.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成一般過去時(shí)：一般過去時(shí)：was

14、/weregiven【例句】【例句】These computers were made in our own country.一般將來時(shí)：一般將來時(shí)：will/shall begiven【例句】【例句】Shall we be asked to attend the opening ceremony?Sir Denis, who is 78, has made itknown that much of his collection _tothe nation. (CET-4 1996) A. has left B. is to leaveC. leaves D. is to be left本句意

15、思為：本句意思為：78歲的歲的Denis先生聲明他將先生聲明他將把他的大多數(shù)收藏品留給國家。所以把他的大多數(shù)收藏品留給國家。所以leave應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式。一般應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式。一般將來時(shí)可以用來將來時(shí)可以用來be to do sth來表達(dá)，因來表達(dá)，因此答案為此答案為D。過去將來時(shí)：過去將來時(shí)：would begivenThe news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are beinggivenThe machine is being repaired

16、in the workshop. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now. A. developed B. have developed C. are being developed D. will have been developed本句測試點(diǎn)是動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)本句測試點(diǎn)是動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)develop和和perfect是兩是兩個(gè)并列的謂語動(dòng)詞，個(gè)并列的謂語動(dòng)詞，perfect 用的是被動(dòng)形式，用的是被動(dòng)形式，develop也應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)形式，而且句子的時(shí)間狀語為

17、也應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)形式，而且句子的時(shí)間狀語為now，故，故develop應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，答案為應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，答案為C。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/were beinggiven【例句】【例句】The feast was being prepared when the birds arrived in the sky現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has beengiven【例句】【例句】Swift progress has also been made in culture and education.過去完成時(shí)：過去完成時(shí)：had beengiven【例句】【例句】 T

18、he huge bridge had been damaged before the World War.將來完成時(shí)：將來完成時(shí)：will/shall have beengiven【例句】【例句】The book will have been published by the end of next month.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)：情含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be +過去分詞過去分詞This problem can be solved. 這問題可解決。這問題可解決。Whats done cannot be undone. 覆水難收。覆水難收。George mi

19、ght be sent to America by his company in August.公司可能八月份派喬治去美國。公司可能八月份派喬治去美國?；蝾愃平Y(jié)構(gòu)（或類似結(jié)構(gòu)（be going to, have to 等）等）變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)：變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)：This room is going to be painted next week. 這個(gè)房間下周粉刷。這個(gè)房間下周粉刷。Go away! I want to be left alone.走開！我想獨(dú)自待一會(huì)兒。走開！我想獨(dú)自待一會(huì)兒。1. 有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語，在用于被有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓動(dòng)結(jié)

20、構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語(指人指人的賓語）。的賓語）。一些特殊的被動(dòng)語態(tài)一些特殊的被動(dòng)語態(tài)They didnt offer Ann the job. Ann wasnt offered the job. 安未得到這份工作。安未得到這份工作。2. 在使役動(dòng)詞在使役動(dòng)詞have, make, get以及感官以及感官動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，等后面不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定

21、式在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)橐÷?，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加 to。They make her clean the floor. She is made to clean the floor by them.3. Itbe過去分詞過去分詞that從句從句 (=主語主語be過去分詞過去分詞to do sth)表示：據(jù)說表示：據(jù)說/據(jù)報(bào)道據(jù)報(bào)道/據(jù)悉據(jù)悉/據(jù)信等據(jù)信等。 例：例： 據(jù)說這個(gè)男孩已經(jīng)通過了這次全據(jù)說這個(gè)男孩已經(jīng)通過了這次全國性的測試。國性的測試。It is said that the boy has passed thenational exam. The b

22、oy is said to have passed thenational exam.但：但：It _that there was a car over there. A. so happened B. so happens C. is so happened D. was so happened 答案：答案： A. happen 是不及物動(dòng)詞，是不及物動(dòng)詞，無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。4. be supposed to (suppose: vt. 推想推想; 假設(shè)假設(shè); 猜想猜想) supposed:假定的假定的; 推測的推測的;意圖的意圖的(1)(1)據(jù)說據(jù)說（=be said to) 如：如

23、： Lets go and see that film. Its supposed to be very good.我們一起去看那電影好嗎我們一起去看那電影好嗎? 人們都說它人們都說它不錯(cuò)。不錯(cuò)。(2) 計(jì)劃、安排計(jì)劃、安排 如：如：Id better hurry. Its nearly 8 oclock. Im supposed to be meeting Tom at 8:15.我要快些了?，F(xiàn)在差不多我要快些了。現(xiàn)在差不多8點(diǎn)鐘了。點(diǎn)鐘了。我我8點(diǎn)一刻去接湯姆。點(diǎn)一刻去接湯姆。(3) be not supposed to 表示表示“不允許不允許” 如：如：You are not suppo

24、sed to park here. 這兒不允許停車。這兒不允許停車。 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞get代替代替be. （ get往往用在口語往往用在口語 中。）中。）酒館里發(fā)生了打斗，幸好無人受傷。酒館里發(fā)生了打斗，幸好無人受傷。There was a fight at the pub, but fortunately nobody got (=was)hurt.get + done 同同 be+done 的區(qū)別：的區(qū)別：get done 往往表示行為不是計(jì)劃之中，往往表示行為不是計(jì)劃之中，而是意外發(fā)生的。如：而是意外發(fā)生的。如：The dog got run over by a car. 狗被汽車輾死了。狗被

25、汽車輾死了。1. 某些感官動(dòng)詞加形容詞及少數(shù)其他的動(dòng)某些感官動(dòng)詞加形容詞及少數(shù)其他的動(dòng) 詞可以表示被動(dòng)意義。詞可以表示被動(dòng)意義。 cook, smell, taste, wash, write, shut, prove, sell, read, write The dish tastes delicious. The theory proved right at last. The book is so interesting that it sells well. 不可以變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)不可以變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)The book is so interesting that it sells well.

26、 “sells”此處為不及物動(dòng)詞此處為不及物動(dòng)詞“銷售起來銷售起來; 有銷有銷路路”的意思；作及物動(dòng)詞為的意思；作及物動(dòng)詞為“賣賣; 出售出售”）This kind of cloth washes well. (耐洗耐洗) Need +V- ing 表示表示“主語承受動(dòng)詞主語承受動(dòng)詞 發(fā)出的動(dòng)作發(fā)出的動(dòng)作”，表示被動(dòng)意義。，表示被動(dòng)意義。 我的車需要修理。我的車需要修理。 My car needs repairing (= to be repaired). beg, equal, fail, hold, possess, fit，become, contain, cost, fit, have

27、，lack, resemble(相似相似), suit等。等。This new English-Chinese dictionarycost me ten dollars.3. 某些表示某些表示狀態(tài)或者特征狀態(tài)或者特征的及物動(dòng)詞的及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。這類動(dòng)詞常見的有：沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。這類動(dòng)詞常見的有：如：戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)了。如：戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)了?？梢哉f：可以說： The war broke out .但不能說：但不能說：The war was broke out.4. 通常只有及物動(dòng)詞（組）才有被動(dòng)語通常只有及物動(dòng)詞（組）才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞沒有。態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞沒有。 “be過去分詞過去分詞”這

28、個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)并不都是被這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)并不都是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，也可能是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)動(dòng)語態(tài)，也可能是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)主要區(qū)別是：與系表結(jié)構(gòu)主要區(qū)別是：被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語的特點(diǎn)一個(gè)動(dòng)作，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)，或所處的狀態(tài)，試比較下面的句子：試比較下面的句子：被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)The enemy was soon surrounded by us.系表結(jié)構(gòu)系表結(jié)構(gòu)The house is surrounded by trees.被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) She was bitten by the dog in th

29、e darkness. 系表結(jié)構(gòu)系表結(jié)構(gòu)I was excited by the news that my husbandgot promoted.1. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon _ to his old ways. A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. se

30、rved3. The new dictionaries are very useful. They _ well and _ already. A. sell, have been sold out B. sold, had sold out C. sell, sell out D. are sold, have been sold out4. The train _ arrive at 11:30, but it was an hour late. A. was about to B. was likely to C. was supposed to D. was certain to5.

31、This dictionary mustnt _ from the library. A. take away B. taken away C. are taken away D. be taken away6. My shoes _ . I went out for a new pair. A. is worn out B. wore out C. were worn off D. were worn out 7. That kind of shirts _ cotton. A. is made from B. are made from C. is made of D. are made

32、of8. Rice _ in South China. A. growing B. is grown C. are grown D. is grow9. All the preparations for the task _, and were ready to start. A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed10. The teacher told his students that they _ to be useful men to the country. A. were all e

33、xpected B. were all expecting C. all were expected D. all expected11. Some of the hotels in my hometown _. A. have now been rebuilding B. are now rebuilding C. are now being rebuilt D. are rebuilt now 用被動(dòng)語態(tài)改換下列各句：用被動(dòng)語態(tài)改換下列各句：1. My father will repair my bike for me.My bike will be repaired by my fath

34、er for me.2. I have found my wallet.My wallet has been found.3. She told me to wait here for her.I was told to wait here for her.4. The police will surely arrest the murderer.The murderer will surely be arrestedby the police.5. They invited Mr. Green to make a speech.Mr. Green was invited to make a

35、speech.6. The students clean their classroom every day.Their classroom is cleaned by the students every day.7. You mustnt take those books out of the reading-room.Those books mustnt be taken out of the reading-room.8. I dint tell you the girl could do the job.You werent told by me that the girl coul

36、d do the job.9. Do people speak English in your country?Is English spoken in your country?10. He gave me a present.I was given a present. A present was given to me.11. Mother often tells her children a story at bed time.Children are often told a story at bed time by mother.A story is often told by m

37、other to children at bed time.不定式語法不定式語法 不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)不定式有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，時(shí)態(tài)不定式有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，時(shí)態(tài)共四種，即共四種，即一般式、完成式、進(jìn)行一般式、完成式、進(jìn)行式和完成進(jìn)行式式和完成進(jìn)行式。語態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語。語態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如下表所示。態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如下表所示。不定式被動(dòng)式講與練不定式被動(dòng)式講與練語態(tài)語態(tài) 時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式一般式 to do to be done完成式完成式 to have done to have been done進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式 to be doing/完成進(jìn)

38、行式完成進(jìn)行式 to have been doing/當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語是動(dòng)詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語是動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)用主動(dòng)語態(tài)；當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式的邏用主動(dòng)語態(tài)；當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語是動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的動(dòng)輯主語是動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。進(jìn)行作的承受者時(shí)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。進(jìn)行式和完成進(jìn)行式?jīng)]有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。式和完成進(jìn)行式?jīng)]有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。1 現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示的動(dòng)詞，：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示的動(dòng)詞， 有時(shí)與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)有時(shí)與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí) 發(fā)生，有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)發(fā)生，有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng) 作之后。作之后。 He se

39、ems to know this. I hope to see you again. = I hope that Ill see you again. 2 完成時(shí)完成時(shí)：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng) 詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。 Im sorry to have given you so much trouble. He seems to have caught a cold. 3 進(jìn)行時(shí)：進(jìn)行時(shí)：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已在延續(xù)或動(dòng)作強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已在延續(xù)或動(dòng)作 正在進(jìn)行。正在進(jìn)行。 They seem to be getting along well with their new jo

40、bs. He seems to be eating something.4 完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示動(dòng)作是在謂語動(dòng)表示動(dòng)作是在謂語動(dòng) 詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前就一直在進(jìn)行。詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前就一直在進(jìn)行。 They are said to have been collecting stamps for over twenty years. He appears to have been waiting a long time. 不定式的被動(dòng)形式有下列用法不定式的被動(dòng)形式有下列用法(1) 作主語：作主語： It is an honour for me to be asked to speak he

41、re.(2) 作賓語：作賓語： She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.一一 當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式一般要采用的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式一般要采用被動(dòng)形式。被動(dòng)形式。(3) 構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語：構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語： He wanted the letter to be typed at once. She didnt like herself to be praised like that.(4) 構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語：構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語： The books are not allowed to be taken

42、 out of the room.(5) 作定語：作定語：Are you going to the meeting to be heldin the teachers office?(6) 作狀語：作狀語：She was too young to be assigned suchwork.二、不定式有時(shí)還可以有完成式的被動(dòng)二、不定式有時(shí)還可以有完成式的被動(dòng)式，在句中作主語、賓語、定語，或者式，在句中作主語、賓語、定語，或者構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語、復(fù)合謂語等，如：構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語、復(fù)合謂語等，如：It is a good thing for him to have beencriticized.（主語）（主語

43、）She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (賓語賓語)He thought it an honour to have beeninvited to the party. （復(fù)合賓語）（復(fù)合賓語）The book is said to have been translatedinto many languages. （復(fù)合謂語）（復(fù)合謂語）She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. （定語）（定語） 三、不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)三、不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被

44、動(dòng)1. 在在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中。結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：例如：There is a lot of homework to do(也可用也可用to be done)There is no time to lose (to be lost).2. 在在“npron + be + adj + to do”結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)中。常用的形容詞有中。常用的形容詞有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap， fit， dangerous等。等。例如：例如：He is hard to convince.He is an impossible person to work with3. 在在“tooto do; enoughto”結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：構(gòu)中。如：The problem is too difficult to work out (to be worked out)The house is big enough to live in.4. 在在“with+n+to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中。結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：