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1、Have you heard of these books?Treasure IslandAlice in WonderlandRobinson CrusoeLittle WomenTom SawyerOliver Twist-Have you read Treasure Island yet?-Yes, I have. No, I havent.-Have you read Alice in Wonderland yet?-Yes, I have. No, I havent.-Have you read Robinson Crusoe yet?-Yes, I have. -I think i
2、ts fantastic.-What do you think of it?-Have you read Robinson Crusoe yet?-Yes, I have.-What do you think of it?-I think its fantastic.Look at the picture. Have you read these books? 1a Have you read these books? Check () the ones you know._ Alice in Wonderland _ Little Women_ Treasure Island _ Olive
3、 Twist_ Robinson Crusoe _ Tom SawyerLets learn the new words. 1. treasure n. 珠寶,財(cái)富珠寶,財(cái)富 (不可數(shù)名詞);珍藏品(可數(shù)名詞)(不可數(shù)名詞);珍藏品(可數(shù)名詞) e.g. They went to there to look for treasure. 他們?nèi)ツ莾簩?。他們?nèi)ツ莾簩殹?This museum has many art treasures. 這家博物館收藏了許多藝術(shù)珍品。這家博物館收藏了許多藝術(shù)珍品。 2. island n. 島(可數(shù)名詞)島(可數(shù)名詞) e.g. an island 一個(gè)島嶼
4、一個(gè)島嶼 Treasure Island 寶島寶島3. classic n. 名著;經(jīng)典著作(可數(shù)名詞)名著;經(jīng)典著作(可數(shù)名詞) e.g. I like reading classics. 我喜歡閱讀名著。我喜歡閱讀名著。4. page n. 頁(可數(shù)名詞)頁(可數(shù)名詞) e.g. five pages 5頁頁 on page 5 在第五頁上在第五頁上5. hurry v. 匆忙,趕快匆忙,趕快 詞組:詞組: in a hurry (n.) 匆忙地匆忙地 hurry to do sth. 匆忙地做某事;匆忙地做某事; hurry to+地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn) 匆忙地趕到某地;匆忙地趕到某地; hurry
5、up 快點(diǎn)快點(diǎn) 趕快趕快6. due adj. 預(yù)定的預(yù)定的, 到期的到期的 e.g. The plane is due at London at five. 飛機(jī)定于五點(diǎn)到達(dá)倫敦。飛機(jī)定于五點(diǎn)到達(dá)倫敦。 I am due to speak tomorrow. 我預(yù)定明天講話。我預(yù)定明天講話。 短語:短語:due to 由于由于 e.g. a mistake due to carelessness 由于粗心而犯的錯(cuò)誤由于粗心而犯的錯(cuò)誤1b. Listen and complete the chart.Book title NameHave they read it? What do they
6、think of it?NickJudySandyAlanKateHarryTreasure IslandTreasure IslandNot yet.Yes.Exciting Robinson CrusoeRobinson CrusoeYes.Not yet.Wonderful Little WomenLittle WomenNot yet.Yes.Fantastic A: Have you read Little Women yet?B: No, I havent. Have you?A: Yes, I have already read it.B: Whats it like?A: It
7、s fantastic.1c Practice the conversation. Then talk about the other books in 1a.A: Have you read Alice in Wonderland yet? B: No, I havent. Have you?A: Yes, Ive already read it.B: How is it?A: Its wonderful.A: Have you read Oliver Twist yet? B: Oh, no. Ive not read it yet. What about you?A: Well, Ive
8、 already read it.B: What do you think of it?A: Its fantastic.1. Treasure Island Mark / Tina 2. Oliver Twist Mark / Tina 3. Robinson Crusoe Mark / Tina 4. Tom Sawyer Mark / Tina 2a. Listen. Who has read these books? Circle the names.1. Oliver Twist is about a boy who goes out to sea and finds an isla
9、nd full of treasures. ( )2. Robinson Crusoe is a classic. ( )3. Tina thinks that Treasure Island is a fantastic book. ( )4. Tom Sawyer is about a boy who lives in the United Kingdom. ( )2b Listen again and write T for true and F for false.FFTTA: Has Tina read Treasure Island?B: Yes, she has. She thi
10、nks its fantastic.A: Whats it about?B: Its about2c Use the information in 2a and 2b to talk about the books.Have you ever read these books? Whats it about?2d Role-play conversation.1. Oliver Twist is about a boy who goes out to sea and finds an island full of treasures. 霧都孤兒霧都孤兒是一個(gè)男孩去海是一個(gè)男孩去海邊發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)充滿
11、珍寶的島的故事。邊發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)充滿珍寶的島的故事。 full of 滿是滿是的;的;(有有)大量的大量的 e.g. The area is full of beautiful lakes and rivers. 這個(gè)區(qū)域有大量美麗的湖泊和河流。這個(gè)區(qū)域有大量美麗的湖泊和河流。2. Have you at least read the back of the book to see what its about? 至少你已經(jīng)讀過書的背面,了解了它的至少你已經(jīng)讀過書的背面,了解了它的大致內(nèi)容吧?大致內(nèi)容吧?此句中的動詞此句中的動詞see表示表示“(通過查看、打通過查看、打聽等聽等)弄清、了解;查看、發(fā)
12、現(xiàn)弄清、了解;查看、發(fā)現(xiàn)(信息或信息或事實(shí)事實(shí))”。作這種用法時(shí),。作這種用法時(shí),see常接常接how, what, when等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。e.g. He agreed to go with me to see what was wrong. 他同意跟我去了解一下毛病出在哪里。他同意跟我去了解一下毛病出在哪里。 First of all, we need to take some time to see how it works. 首先,我們需要花些時(shí)間了解一下它首先,我們需要花些時(shí)間了解一下它是如何運(yùn)作的。是如何運(yùn)作的。3. You should hurry up. 你需
13、要加快速度。你需要加快速度。hurry up 趕快;趕快;(急忙急忙)做某事做某事e.g. Hurry up, or we cannot get to the railway station on time.快些,否則我們不能按時(shí)趕到火車快些,否則我們不能按時(shí)趕到火車站了。站了。 4. Steve: The book report is due in two weeks. Amy: Yes, I know 是的,我知道是的,我知道1) due adj. 預(yù)定;預(yù)期;預(yù)計(jì)預(yù)定;預(yù)期;預(yù)計(jì) 后邊后邊引出預(yù)期的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)引出預(yù)期的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等,還常等,還常 常構(gòu)成常構(gòu)成短語短語be due (to
14、do something)或或be due (for something)。e.g. Our plane is due at Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport at 12:30. 我們的飛機(jī)預(yù)計(jì)于我們的飛機(jī)預(yù)計(jì)于12:30降落在上海虹降落在上海虹橋國際機(jī)場。橋國際機(jī)場。 Rose is due to start school in January. 羅絲一月份就要開始上學(xué)了。羅絲一月份就要開始上學(xué)了。 You are due for a medical examination next month. 你的身體檢查預(yù)定在下個(gè)月。你的身體檢查預(yù)定在下個(gè)
15、月。2) I know表示說話人對所談的觀點(diǎn)、內(nèi)容表示說話人對所談的觀點(diǎn)、內(nèi)容已了解,無需多說已了解,無需多說,相當(dāng)于漢語中,相當(dāng)于漢語中“我我早知道了;我全都了解早知道了;我全都了解”這樣的意思,這樣的意思,區(qū)別于許多日常交際場合中表示區(qū)別于許多日常交際場合中表示“我明我明白了;我知道了;我懂了白了;我知道了;我懂了”的用法的用法。e.g. A: Its already very late. You should get some rest. 已經(jīng)很晚了,你應(yīng)該休息了。已經(jīng)很晚了,你應(yīng)該休息了。 B: Well, I know. Thanks. 對,我是知道的。謝謝。對,我是知道的。謝謝。注
16、意,注意,當(dāng)我們獲知對方提供的信息后,常當(dāng)我們獲知對方提供的信息后,常用用I see. 表示表示“我知道了;我明白了;我我知道了;我明白了;我懂了懂了”。 e.g. A: He lives in the countryside but works in the city during the week. 他住在鄉(xiāng)下,但工作日在城里上班。他住在鄉(xiāng)下,但工作日在城里上班。 B: Oh, I see. 哦,我知道了。哦,我知道了。Phrases: hear of 聽說聽說 be like 像像一樣一樣 go out 出去出去 full of 充滿充滿 finish doing sth. 做完某事做完
17、某事 be about 關(guān)于關(guān)于 grow up 長大長大 put +代詞代詞+ down 把把放下放下 hurry up 快點(diǎn)快點(diǎn)Sentences: 1. Have you ever read Little Women yet? 你曾經(jīng)看過小婦人嗎?你曾經(jīng)看過小婦人嗎?2. Whats it like? Whats it about? 它是關(guān)于什么的?它是關(guān)于什么的?3. Oliver Twist is about a boy who goes out to sea and finds an island full of treasures.霧都孤兒霧都孤兒是一個(gè)男孩去海是一個(gè)男孩去海邊發(fā)
18、現(xiàn)一個(gè)充滿珍寶的島的故事。邊發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)充滿珍寶的島的故事。4. Steve, have you decided yet which book to write about for English class? 史蒂文,你決定為英語課寫哪本書了嗎?史蒂文,你決定為英語課寫哪本書了嗎?5. The book report is due in two weeks. 讀書報(bào)告兩周后必須完成。讀書報(bào)告兩周后必須完成。根據(jù)所給漢語填空。根據(jù)所給漢語填空。1. I hear some of us like reading _ (名著名著).2. How many _ (頁頁) have you read?3.
19、 Its already 7 oclock. Lets _ (趕快趕快).4. The book report is _ (到期到期) in five days.classicspageshurry updue5. There are some big _ (島島) in our country.6. My father has a box full of _ (珠寶珠寶).islandstreasuresRobinson Crusoe 魯濱遜漂流記魯濱遜漂流記由英國作家丹尼爾由英國作家丹尼爾笛福所笛福所著。它是一部家喻戶曉的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義回憶錄式冒險(xiǎn)著。它是一部家喻戶曉的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義回憶錄式冒險(xiǎn)小說。
20、作者受一個(gè)蘇格蘭水手海上遇險(xiǎn)的經(jīng)歷啟小說。作者受一個(gè)蘇格蘭水手海上遇險(xiǎn)的經(jīng)歷啟發(fā)寫成的。發(fā)寫成的。 魯濱遜漂流記魯濱遜漂流記是一部流傳很廣,影響很是一部流傳很廣,影響很大的文學(xué)名著。它表現(xiàn)了強(qiáng)烈的資產(chǎn)階級進(jìn)取精大的文學(xué)名著。它表現(xiàn)了強(qiáng)烈的資產(chǎn)階級進(jìn)取精神和啟蒙意識。作者用生動逼真的細(xì)節(jié)把虛構(gòu)的神和啟蒙意識。作者用生動逼真的細(xì)節(jié)把虛構(gòu)的情景寫得使人如同身臨其境,使故事具有強(qiáng)烈的情景寫得使人如同身臨其境,使故事具有強(qiáng)烈的真實(shí)感。小說主人公魯濱遜也成為歐洲文學(xué)史上真實(shí)感。小說主人公魯濱遜也成為歐洲文學(xué)史上一個(gè)很著名的文學(xué)形象。一個(gè)很著名的文學(xué)形象。 小說分三部分:第一部分寫魯濱遜初出茅小說分三部分:
21、第一部分寫魯濱遜初出茅廬,最初三次航海的經(jīng)過及其在巴西經(jīng)營種植廬,最初三次航海的經(jīng)過及其在巴西經(jīng)營種植園的情況;第二部分詳細(xì)描述了主人公流落荒園的情況;第二部分詳細(xì)描述了主人公流落荒島,獨(dú)居島,獨(dú)居28年的種種情景;第三部分簡要交代年的種種情景;第三部分簡要交代了魯濱遜回國后的命運(yùn)及這個(gè)海島未來的發(fā)展了魯濱遜回國后的命運(yùn)及這個(gè)海島未來的發(fā)展趨向。趨向。ship n. 船(可數(shù)名詞)船(可數(shù)名詞) ships; by ship 乘船乘船tool n. 工具(可數(shù)名詞)工具(可數(shù)名詞) tools; with tools 用工具用工具gun n. 槍(可數(shù)名詞)槍(可數(shù)名詞) guns; with
22、 a gun 用槍用槍sand n. 沙灘,沙(不可數(shù)名詞)沙灘,沙(不可數(shù)名詞)else adv. 其他的,別的其他的,別的 something else 別的東西別的東西, what else 別的什么別的什么cannibal n. 食人肉者(可數(shù)名詞)食人肉者(可數(shù)名詞) cannibals towards prep. 朝,向,對著朝,向,對著 run towards run toland n. 陸地,大地(不可數(shù)名詞)陸地,大地(不可數(shù)名詞) on land 在陸地上在陸地上Read the passage and answer the following questions.1. W
23、hat does Robinson Crusoe wait for? 2. Why does Robinson Crusoe call the man Friday?Another ship.Because that was the day he met the man.3aSkimming (略讀法略讀法):跳躍式閱讀,注重跳躍式閱讀,注重開頭、結(jié)尾、關(guān)鍵詞、主題句。開頭、結(jié)尾、關(guān)鍵詞、主題句。Guessing (猜讀法猜讀法):聯(lián)系上下文,利用構(gòu)聯(lián)系上下文,利用構(gòu)詞法,猜猜詞義。詞法,猜猜詞義。Realizing (悟讀法悟讀法):通過關(guān)鍵詞、句、段通過關(guān)鍵詞、句、段的理解,了解作者意圖,
24、文章主旨。的理解,了解作者意圖,文章主旨。1. 先認(rèn)真閱讀每個(gè)題目的意思,弄清先認(rèn)真閱讀每個(gè)題目的意思,弄清要求我們尋找什么信息。要求我們尋找什么信息。2. 帶著問題,再來讀短文。在短文中帶著問題,再來讀短文。在短文中認(rèn)真尋找我們所需的信息,在有相認(rèn)真尋找我們所需的信息,在有相關(guān)內(nèi)容的地方,應(yīng)多讀幾次認(rèn)真理關(guān)內(nèi)容的地方,應(yīng)多讀幾次認(rèn)真理解,以找到想要找的信息。解,以找到想要找的信息。3. 最后,再通讀一遍,檢查一下所找最后,再通讀一遍,檢查一下所找的答案是否正確。的答案是否正確。Read the passage again. Find words that have these meaning
25、s.1. You can use these to shoot things: _2. Something you use to travel in the sea: _3. A piece of land in the middle of the sea: _4. You can use these to cut things: _5. Signs left behind by someone or something: _gunsshipislandknivesmarks3b1. Robinson Crusoe arrived on the island with enough food
26、and drink.2. Friday made a small boat.3c Correct the sentences.Robinson Crusoe arrived on the island without food and drink.Robinson Crusoe made a small boat.3. Robinson had some food and tools when he first arrived on the island.4. Robinson used the ship to build his house.Robinson had no food and
27、tools when he first arrived on the island.Robinson cut down trees to build his house.5. Friday saw some marks of another mans feet on the beach.6. Robinson tried to kill the two men.Robinson saw some marks of another mans feet on the beach.Some cannibals tried to kill the two men.arrive on this isla
28、ndmake a boatbring backgive upwait forcut downbuild a house到達(dá)這個(gè)島到達(dá)這個(gè)島制作船制作船帶回來帶回來放棄放棄等候等候砍倒砍倒建房子建房子kill for food the marks of another mans feetwho elsesee sb. doing sth.run towardshelp sb. do sb. teach sb. sth.殺死殺死作為食物作為食物另一個(gè)人的腳印另一個(gè)人的腳印還有誰還有誰看見某人正在做某事看見某人正在做某事朝朝跑跑幫助某人做某事幫助某人做某事給某人起名為給某人起名為教
29、某人某事教某人某事 1. Although I have lost everything, I have not lost my life. 雖然我失去了一切,但是沒有失去生命。雖然我失去了一切,但是沒有失去生命。 although“雖然,盡管雖然,盡管”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,不能與從句,不能與but連用。連用。 e.g. He is young, but he works hard. 他年齡小,但是工作很努力。他年齡小,但是工作很努力。2. So I will not give up and I will wait for another ship. 因此我不放棄,要等候另一只船
30、。因此我不放棄,要等候另一只船。 another 既可用作形容詞,也可用作代詞。既可用作形容詞,也可用作代詞。用作形容詞時(shí),意思是用作形容詞時(shí),意思是“又一的;再一又一的;再一的的”,修飾名詞,位于名詞前;用作代,修飾名詞,位于名詞前;用作代詞時(shí),意思是詞時(shí),意思是“另一個(gè)另一個(gè)”。e.g. Just at that time, another man came in. Saying is one thing and doing is another. another還可以和數(shù)詞連用,常放在數(shù)還可以和數(shù)詞連用,常放在數(shù)詞的前面,意為詞的前面,意為“還;再;又還;再;又”。 e.g. We ne
31、ed another three man to help do the work.3. How long have they been here? 你來這兒多久了?你來這兒多久了? how long 常用于詢問時(shí)間,意為常用于詢問時(shí)間,意為“多多久;多長時(shí)間久;多長時(shí)間”,與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用,與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用,要求謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞。要求謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞。 e.g. How long have you had the book? 你買這本書多久了?你買這本書多久了?4. Not long after that, I saw some cannibals trying to kill
32、 two men from a broken ship. 在那之后不久,我看見一些食人肉質(zhì)在在那之后不久,我看見一些食人肉質(zhì)在試圖殺死兩個(gè)來自破船上的人。試圖殺死兩個(gè)來自破船上的人。 see sb. doing sth.意為意為“看到某人正在做看到某人正在做 某事某事”,強(qiáng)調(diào)看到的動作正在進(jìn)行。,強(qiáng)調(diào)看到的動作正在進(jìn)行。e.g. Mary saw him cleaning the classroom. 瑪麗看見他正在打掃教室?,旣惪匆娝诖驋呓淌?。see sb. do sth. 意為意為“看到某人做了某看到某人做了某事事”,強(qiáng)調(diào)看到動作的全過程。,強(qiáng)調(diào)看到動作的全過程。e.g. Mary s
33、aw him clean the classroom. 瑪麗看見他打掃教室了?,旣惪匆娝驋呓淌伊??!具\(yùn)用運(yùn)用】將下列漢語句子與英文翻譯相匹配。將下列漢語句子與英文翻譯相匹配。( ) 昨天我看見她正在花園里干活。昨天我看見她正在花園里干活。( ) 昨天我看見她在花園里干活了。昨天我看見她在花園里干活了。A. I saw her work in the garden yesterday.B. I saw her working in the garden yesterday.BA5. One of them died, but the other ran towards my house. 他們
34、當(dāng)中一個(gè)人死了,但是另一個(gè)朝他們當(dāng)中一個(gè)人死了,但是另一個(gè)朝我的房子跑來。我的房子跑來。 run towards 朝朝跑跑 e.g. He ran towards the station. 他跑著去火車站。他跑著去火車站。6. I named him Friday because that was the day I met him. 我管他叫我管他叫Friday因?yàn)槟鞘俏矣鲆娝哪且驗(yàn)槟鞘俏矣鲆娝哪且惶?。一天?name作動詞,意為作動詞,意為“命名;給命名;給取取名名”。固定搭配。固定搭配“name + sb. + 名字名字”意為意為“給某人取名為給某人取名為”。 e.g. Lucy n
35、amed her little son David. 露西給她的小兒子取名為戴維。露西給她的小兒子取名為戴維。二二 選選 擇擇 題題1. Learn the new words and expressions by heart.2. Retell the story of Robinson Crusoe.Read the following sentences we have seen.Have you read Little Women yet? Yes, I have./ No, I havent. Has Tina read Treasure Island yet? Yes, she h
36、as. She thinks its fantastic.Have you decided which book to write about yet?Yes, I have. Ive already finished reading it. It was really good.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): 表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或保存的狀態(tài)。動作或保存的狀態(tài)。結(jié)構(gòu):結(jié)構(gòu): 主語主語+ have / has + 動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞一般疑問
37、句一般疑問句: have / has ? Yes, I have. No, I havent. Yes, she has. No, she hasnt. 1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)動詞構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)動詞構(gòu)成have /has + v 過去分詞過去分詞助動詞助動詞否定否定haventhasnt疑問疑問Have you?Has he?常與下列時(shí)間狀語連用:常與下列時(shí)間狀語連用:just , already, yet,ever, never, before, several times1.過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。和和already,never,ever,ju
38、st,before,yet等狀語等狀語連用。連用。2.過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),常與常與for或或since引起的一段時(shí)間狀語連用。引起的一段時(shí)間狀語連用。動詞構(gòu)成:動詞構(gòu)成:have/has+v過去分過去分詞詞have breakfastI have just had my breakfast.(現(xiàn)在我不餓現(xiàn)在我不餓)Im not hungry nowmoved herein 2004I still live hereI have lived here for three years.I have lived here since 2004/
39、three years ago. nowpast2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)動詞可以表示開始于過去持續(xù)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)動詞可以表示開始于過去持續(xù) 到現(xiàn)在到現(xiàn)在(也許還會繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去也許還會繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去)的動作或狀態(tài)。的動作或狀態(tài)。1) I have studied English since last year. 我從去年開始學(xué)習(xí)英語。我從去年開始學(xué)習(xí)英語。2) She has lived in Beijing for five years. 她住在北京已經(jīng)五年了。她住在北京已經(jīng)五年了。注意注意: come, go , leave, arrive, buy, lose, receive, join, die,
40、bury 和和marry 等動詞所表示的動作是等動詞所表示的動作是一時(shí)的一時(shí)的, 不能延續(xù)的不能延續(xù)的, 故不能與故不能與for , since 等開頭的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。不過等開頭的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。不過, 這些這些詞用于否定句則可以與表示持續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語連用,詞用于否定句則可以與表示持續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語連用,即動作的不發(fā)生是可以持續(xù)的。即動作的不發(fā)生是可以持續(xù)的。不能說不能說: *He has come to Beijing for two years. *He has bought that book for three weeks. *He has joined the Army
41、for one and a half years.*His grandma has died for nine months.* I have received his letter for a month.可以說可以說:He has been in Beijing for two years. He has had that book for three weeks. He has been in the army for one and a half years. His grandma has been dead for nine months.I havent received his
42、 letter for almost a month.或者說:或者說:It is two years since he came to Beijing. It is three weeks since he bought that book.It is one and a half years since he joined the Army. It is nine months since his grandma died.3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)把過去的動作和現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果聯(lián)系起來,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)把過去的動作和現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果聯(lián)系起來, 一般過去時(shí)只限于表示過去的動作本身一般過去時(shí)只限于表示過去的動作本身, 與
43、現(xiàn)在與現(xiàn)在 的結(jié)果無關(guān)。的結(jié)果無關(guān)?,F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)在意義上現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)在意義上 的區(qū)別舉例如下:的區(qū)別舉例如下: I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean now.) 我已經(jīng)打掃過我的房間了。我已經(jīng)打掃過我的房間了。 I cleaned my room last week. (I did it in the past.) 我上周打掃了我的房間。我上周打掃了我的房間。 Father has gone to Amoy. (He went to Amoy and he is not here now.) 爸爸已經(jīng)去廈門了。爸爸已經(jīng)去廈門了。
44、 They have bought a dictionary. (They bought a dictionary and they have it now.) 他們買了一本字典。他們買了一本字典。注意注意: 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和明確指出時(shí)間的狀語現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和明確指出時(shí)間的狀語(如如: yesterday, last, year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when she came in 等等)連用連用,但可以和不明確指出時(shí)間的狀語但可以和不明確指出時(shí)間的狀語(如如: already, yet, ever, never, sometimes, alwa
45、ys, often, before, once, twice, recently, lately等等)連用連用;也可以和表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語也可以和表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(如:如:today, this morning, this week, this year等等)連用連用。 ( 1).for+表示表示一段一段時(shí)間的短語時(shí)間的短語 ( 2).since+表示表示過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞語的詞語 ( 3).since+表示過去時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語表示過去時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語從句從句eg.I have been a teacher _ a year. He has been at this sch
46、ool _ 1992. We have learned 1,000 English words _ we came to this school.forsincesince現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)句中常見的時(shí)間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)句中常見的時(shí)間狀語A.表示從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在表示從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 不能是具體不能是具體 的過去時(shí)間。的過去時(shí)間。everjustalreadyyete.g. Have you _been to Japan? I have _ finished my homework. I have finished my homework _. I havent finished my home
47、work _.B. just, already, yet, before/ ever, never有此有此類副詞時(shí)類副詞時(shí),常強(qiáng)調(diào)動作完成常強(qiáng)調(diào)動作完成,不強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的持續(xù)不強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的持續(xù).already “已經(jīng)已經(jīng)” ; yet “仍然仍然, 還還” 這兩個(gè)副詞常常用于完成時(shí)態(tài)這兩個(gè)副詞常常用于完成時(shí)態(tài), 其中其中already 常用于肯定句常用于肯定句, yet常用于否定句和疑問句中。常用于否定句和疑問句中。如如: Jim has already finished his work. Jim已經(jīng)把他的工作做完了。已經(jīng)把他的工作做完了。Mother hasnt come home yet. 媽
48、媽還沒回來。媽媽還沒回來。Havent you read The Call of the Wild yet? 你還沒讀過你還沒讀過野性的呼喚野性的呼喚嗎?嗎?She has already finished her work. 她已經(jīng)把工作做完了。她已經(jīng)把工作做完了。I havent read the story yet. 我還沒讀過這個(gè)故事。我還沒讀過這個(gè)故事。Have you met him before? 你從前曾見過他嗎?你從前曾見過他嗎?Lily has always been a good student. Lily一直是個(gè)好學(xué)生。一直是個(gè)好學(xué)生。比較:比較:I have seen
49、 him this morning .我上午看見他了。我上午看見他了。(說話時(shí)在上午說話時(shí)在上午)I saw him this morning.今天上午我遇見了他。今天上午我遇見了他。(說話時(shí)可能是下午或者晚上說話時(shí)可能是下午或者晚上)It has been cold this winter. 今天冬天一直很冷。今天冬天一直很冷。(說話時(shí)仍是冬天說話時(shí)仍是冬天)4. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)都可以表示都可以表示“從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”這一概念這一概念, 有時(shí)有時(shí)兩者可以互相代用兩者可以互相代用, 但前者多用于口語。但前者多用于口語。在含義
50、上如著重表示動作的結(jié)果時(shí)在含義上如著重表示動作的結(jié)果時(shí), 多用現(xiàn)在多用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)完成時(shí); 如著重表示動作一直在進(jìn)行如著重表示動作一直在進(jìn)行, 即動作即動作的延續(xù)性時(shí)的延續(xù)性時(shí), 則多用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。則多用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。一般不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動詞也不能用于一般不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動詞也不能用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)行時(shí)?,F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)行時(shí)。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過去開始一直延續(xù)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或保存的狀態(tài),強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況,到現(xiàn)在的動作或保存的狀態(tài),強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況,不能和表
51、示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用(如:不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用(如:in 1990in 1990,last Sunday last Sunday 等)。等)。 一般過去時(shí):一般過去時(shí):一般過去時(shí)只表示過去的動作或狀態(tài),一般過去時(shí)只表示過去的動作或狀態(tài),和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系(即動作或狀態(tài)在現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系(即動作或狀態(tài)在現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束),它可以和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。束),它可以和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用?,F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別:與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別:have / has + V過去分詞過去分詞I have waited for him for many times. 我等他等了好幾次
52、了。我等他等了好幾次了。I have been waiting for him for an hour. 我等他等了一小時(shí)。我等他等了一小時(shí)。He has drunk six cups of coffee. 他喝了六杯咖啡。他喝了六杯咖啡。He has been drinking coffee. 他一直在喝咖啡。他一直在喝咖啡。改寫句子改寫句子1.My father came back from the bookshop just now. My father _ just _ _ the book shop.2.He began to learn Chinese in 2001. He _
53、_ Chinese since 2001.3.The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ since two minutes ago.4.He has had the motorbike for two years. Its two years _he _ the motorbike. He _ the motorbike two years _. Two years _ _ since he _ the motor bike.hasreturned fromhaslearnedhas been on sinceboughtboughtagoh
54、as passedbought用法用法1. 表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作 對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 e.g. Have you had your lunch yet? Yes, I have. Ive just had it. (現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在 我不餓了。我不餓了。)2. 表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去某一時(shí)刻開始,表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去某一時(shí)刻開始,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,而且可能還要繼續(xù)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,而且可能還要繼續(xù)下去。下去。e.g. I havent seen her these days. Ive known Bob for three years
55、. Ive been at this school for over two years. 時(shí)間狀語時(shí)間狀語already, yet, just, ever, never, before構(gòu)成構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是由現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是由“助動詞助動詞have / has+ 動動詞的過去分詞詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成的,規(guī)則動詞的過構(gòu)成的,規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成與過去式相同,不規(guī)則動詞去分詞構(gòu)成與過去式相同,不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞則需逐個(gè)記憶。的過去分詞則需逐個(gè)記憶。 動詞的過去式的變化和過去分詞的動詞的過去式的變化和過去分詞的變化并不完全相同。我們對它們作了一變化并不完全相同。我們對它們作了一個(gè)大致的分類。個(gè)大致的分
56、類。 (注:例子中單詞的變注:例子中單詞的變化順序?yàn)椋簞釉~原形化順序?yàn)椋簞釉~原形 動詞的過去式動詞的過去式 動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞)一、過去式和過去分詞的變化相同一、過去式和過去分詞的變化相同規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化:1. 一般在動詞詞尾直接加一般在動詞詞尾直接加ed。如:。如: pick picked picked; wish wished wished; stay stayed stayed2. 以不發(fā)音的以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞后面加結(jié)尾的動詞后面加d。如:。如:like liked liked; hope hoped hoped; phone phoned phoned3. 以以“輔音字母
57、輔音字母 + y”結(jié)尾的動詞,變結(jié)尾的動詞,變y為為i,再加再加-ed。如:。如: study studied studied; hurry hurried hurried; reply replied replied4. 詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞,要雙寫輔音字母,再加詞,要雙寫輔音字母,再加-ed。如:。如:stop stopped stopped; clap clapped clapped不規(guī)則變化:不規(guī)則變化:5. 以不變應(yīng)萬變以不變應(yīng)萬變。如:。如: let let let; put put put; read read read6. 若中
58、間有雙寫若中間有雙寫e,則去掉一個(gè),則去掉一個(gè)e,單詞,單詞末尾再加末尾再加t。如:。如: feel felt felt; keep kept kept; sleep slept slept7. 結(jié)尾的字母結(jié)尾的字母d變變t。如:。如: lend lent lent; build built built; send sent sent8. 變?yōu)橐宰優(yōu)橐?ought或或-aught結(jié)尾結(jié)尾。如:。如: buy bought bought; bring brought brought; catch caught caught; teach taught taught句式句式1. 肯定句:主語肯定句
59、:主語 + have / has + 過去分詞過去分詞 (+ 其他其他)2. 否定句:主語否定句:主語 + have / has + not + 過去過去 分詞分詞(+ 其他其他)3. 一般疑問句:一般疑問句:have/ has + 主語主語 + 過去過去 分詞分詞(+ 其他其他)4. 特殊疑問句特殊疑問句:1) 特殊疑問詞特殊疑問詞 (不是句子主語不是句子主語) + have / has + 主語主語+過去分詞過去分詞 (+ 其他其他)2) 特殊疑問詞特殊疑問詞(是句子主語是句子主語)+have / has+ 過去分詞過去分詞(+ 其他其他)already和和yet都可以作為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)都
60、可以作為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞,但它們的用法不同。志詞,但它們的用法不同。already一般用于肯定句中一般用于肯定句中。如:。如: We have already cleaned up our classroom. 注意:注意:already用于疑問句中時(shí)通常表用于疑問句中時(shí)通常表示驚奇示驚奇。如:。如: Have you finished your homework already? I cant believe it.yet一般用于疑問句和否定句中一般用于疑問句和否定句中。如:。如: Have you seen her yet? The bus hasnt come yet.1. Write
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