考研英語(yǔ)真題英語(yǔ)一閱讀部分

1、 2006年 Text 1 In spite of“endless talk of difference,”American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is“the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference”characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into“a culture of con

2、sumption”launched by the 19th century department stores that offered“vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite”these were stores“anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic a

3、ct.”The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization. Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that todays immigration is nei

4、ther at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of the population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices o

5、f assimilationlanguage, home ownership and intermarriage. The 1990 Census revealed that“a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke Englishwellorvery wellafter ten years of residence.”The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in Englis

6、h. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.”Hence the description of America as a“graveyard”for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate am

7、ong native-born Americans. Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics“have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.”By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians. Rodriguez notes th

8、at children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet“some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nations assimilative power.” Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger

9、 in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against Americas turbulent past, todays social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment. 2006年 21.The word“homogenizing”(Line 1, Paragraph 1) most probably means_. A identifying

10、B associating C assimilating D monopolizing 22.According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century_. A played a role in the spread of popular culture B became intimate shops for common consumers C satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite D owed its emergence to the culture of cons

11、umption 23.The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S._. A are resistant to homogenization B exert a great influence on American culture C are hardly a threat to the common culture D constitute the majority of the population 24.Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragr

12、aph 5? A To prove their popularity around the world. B To reveal the publics fear of immigrants. C To give examples of successful immigrants. D To show the powerful influence of American culture. 25.In the authors opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is_. A rewarding B success

13、ful C fruitless D harmful 2006年 Text 2 Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industryWilliam Shakespearebut there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare M

14、emorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaways Cottage, Shakespeares birthplace and the other sights. The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They

15、 frankly dislike the RSCs actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. Its all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making. The tourist streams are not entirely separat

16、e. The sightseers who come by busand often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the sidedont usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the

17、 RSC contends, who bring in much of the towns revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall. The townsfolk dont see it this way and the local council does no

18、t contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, th

19、e Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive. Anyway, the townsfolk cant understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all ye

20、ar long and this year theyll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low. It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratfords most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not

21、 the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold t

22、o them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m. 2006年 26.From the first two paragraphs, we learn that_. A the townsfolk deny the RSCs contribution to the towns revenue B the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage C the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms D the townsfolk earn

23、 little from tourism 27.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_. A the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately B the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers C the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers D the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theat

24、er 28.By saying“Stratford cries poor traditionally”(Line 2, Paragraph 4), the author implies that_. A Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects B Stratford has long been in financial difficulties C the town is not really short of money D the townsfolk used to be poorly paid 29.According to the

25、townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because_. A ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending B the company is financially ill-managed C the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable D the theatre attendance is on the rise 30.From the text we can conclude that the author_. A is suppor

26、tive of both sides B favors the townsfolks view C takes a detached attitude D is sympathetic to the RSC 2006年 Text 3 When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals: they suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growin

27、g animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans. That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked

28、 at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published i

29、n Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then. Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One rea

30、son for this is that fishing technology has improved. Todays vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than

31、 the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthe

32、rmore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now. Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into ac

33、count. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the“shifting baseline”. The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matt

34、ers because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business. 2006年 31.The extinction of large prehistoric animal

35、s is noted to suggest that _. A large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment B small species survived as large animals disappeared C large sea animals may face the same threat today D slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones 32.We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worms paper that _. A

36、 the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90% B there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago C the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount D the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old 33.By sayi

37、ng“these figures are conservative”(Line 1, Paragraph 3), Dr. Worm means that _. A fishing technology has improved rapidly B the catch sizes are actually smaller than recorded C the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss D the data collected so far are out of date 34.Dr. Myers and other researche

38、rs hold that _. A people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time B fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomass C the ocean biomass should be restored its original level D people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changing situation 35.The author seems to be mai

39、nly concerned with most fisheries _. A management efficiency B biomass level C catch-size limits D technological application 2006年 Text 4 Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones t

40、hat feel bad. This wasnt always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworths daffodils to B

41、audelaires flowers of evil. You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But its not as if earlier times didnt know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much da

42、mn happiness in the world today. After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ide

43、al but an ideology. People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls we

44、re in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too. Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all sm

45、iling, smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agendato lure us to open our walletsthey make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!”commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we

46、found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks. But what we forgetwhat our economy depends on us forgettingis that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of ea

47、sy happiness, we need art to tell us as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in Its a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air. living with it. 2006年 36.By citin

48、g the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that_. A poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music B art grows out of both positive and negative feelings C poets today are less skeptical of happiness D artists have changed their focus of interest 37.The wo

49、rd“bummer”(Line 4, Paragraph 5) most probably means something_. A religious B unpleasant C entertaining D commercial 38.In the authors opinion, advertising_. A emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art B is a cause of disappointment for the general public C replaces the church as a major source of i

50、nformation D creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself 39.We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes_. A happiness more often than not ends in sadness B the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing C misery should be enjoyed rather than denied D the anti-ha

51、ppy art flourishes when economy booms 40.Which of the following is true of the text? A Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery. B Art provides a balance between expectation and reality. C People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society. D Mass media are inclined to cover disaste

52、rs and deaths. 2006年 - 高氯酸對(duì)阿膠進(jìn)行濕法消化后, 用導(dǎo)數(shù)火焰原子吸收光譜技術(shù)測(cè)定阿膠中的銅、“中藥三大寶, 人參、鹿茸和阿膠。”阿膠的藥用已有兩千多年的悠久歷史歷代宮馬作峰論疲勞源于肝臟J.廣西中醫(yī)藥,2008,31(1):31.史麗萍馬東明, 解麗芳等力竭性運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)小鼠肝臟超微結(jié)構(gòu)及肝糖原、肌糖元含量的影響J. 遼寧中醫(yī)雜志王輝武吳行明鄧開(kāi)蓉內(nèi)經(jīng)“肝者罷極之本”的臨床價(jià)值J . 成都中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),1997,20(2):9.楊維益陳家旭王天芳等運(yùn)動(dòng)性疲勞與中醫(yī)肝臟的關(guān)系J.北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào). 1996,19(1):8.1 運(yùn)動(dòng)性疲勞與肝臟張俊明“高效強(qiáng)力飲”增強(qiáng)運(yùn)動(dòng)

53、機(jī)能的臨床J中國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)雜志，1989，（）：10117 種水解蛋白氨基酸?？偤吭?6.73%82.03%?；艄馊A采用硝酸硫酸消化法和18（）：372-374.1995,206林華呂國(guó)楓官德正等. 衰竭運(yùn)動(dòng)小鼠肝損傷的實(shí)驗(yàn)性J.天津體育學(xué)院黨報(bào), 1994,9(4):9-11.凌家杰肝與運(yùn)動(dòng)性疲勞關(guān)系淺談J.湖南中醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào).2003，（）31.凌家杰肝與運(yùn)動(dòng)性疲勞關(guān)系淺談J.湖南中醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)2003，（）：1.謝敏豪等訓(xùn)練結(jié)合用中藥補(bǔ)劑強(qiáng)力寶對(duì)小鼠游泳耐力與肌肉和肝Gn, LDH 和MDH 的影響J中國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)雜楊維益陳家旭王天芳等運(yùn)動(dòng)性疲勞與中醫(yī)肝臟的關(guān)系J.北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào). 199

54、6,19(1):8.2.1中藥復(fù)方2.2 單味藥33 阿膠和復(fù)方阿膠漿常世和等參寶片對(duì)機(jī)體機(jī)能影響的J.中國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)雜志，991，10（）：49.聶曉莉，李曉勇等慢性疲勞大鼠模型的建立及其對(duì)肝功能的影響J. 熱帶醫(yī)學(xué)雜志，2007,7(4)：323-325.3.1 概述3.2 關(guān)于阿膠和復(fù)方阿膠漿醫(yī)療保健作用的3.2.1 營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分和評(píng)價(jià)3.2.2 阿膠的藥理作用3.2.3 阿膠的臨床應(yīng)用 Xie MH, etalEffects of Hong jing tian she u on eproductive xis function and exercise capacities n men. T

55、he5周志宏等補(bǔ)腎益元方對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)小鼠抗疲勞能力的影響J.中國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)雜志，001，20（）：83-84202-204.5InternationalCourseandConferenceonPhysiologicalChemistrand Natrition of exercise and training (Abstract)6楊維益等中藥復(fù)方“體復(fù)康”對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)性疲勞大鼠血乳酸、p 一內(nèi)啡膚、亮氨酸及強(qiáng)啡膚l-13 影響的實(shí)驗(yàn)研。仙靈口服液可提高機(jī)體運(yùn)動(dòng)能力，加速運(yùn)動(dòng)后血乳酸的消除。F3 口服液能調(diào)整PCO2孫曉波等鹿茸精強(qiáng)壯作用的J.中藥藥理與臨床，1987，（）：11.于慶海等高山紅景天抗不良

56、刺激的藥理J中藥藥理與臨床，1995，（）：83.牛銳淫羊藿炮制前后對(duì)小鼠血漿睪丸酮及附近性器官的影響J中國(guó)中藥雜志，1989,14(9):18P 0.05) 。肝臟是動(dòng)物機(jī)體重要臟器之一,Pi，同疲），肝主筋，人之運(yùn)動(dòng)皆由于筋，故為罷極之本”。人體肝臟的功能活動(dòng)也必阿膠, 味甘性平入肺、肝、腎經(jīng), 具有補(bǔ)血止血、滋陰潤(rùn)肺的功效。神農(nóng)本阿膠又稱驢皮膠為馬科動(dòng)物驢的皮去毛后熬制而成的膠塊是中國(guó)醫(yī)藥寶庫(kù)中阿膠、熟地配伍能使補(bǔ)而不滋膩, 共奏益氣補(bǔ)血之功, 主要治療各種原因?qū)е碌臍庋⒛z對(duì)細(xì)有促進(jìn)作用；提示阿膠能提高機(jī)體免疫功能。另外阿膠具阿膠具有很好的止血作用，常用來(lái)治療陰虛火旺、血脈受傷造成的出

57、血。比如，阿膠能治療缺鐵性貧血，再生障礙性貧血等貧血癥狀，阿膠對(duì)血小板減少，白細(xì)阿膠是一類明膠蛋白，經(jīng)水解分離得到多種氨基酸，阿膠具有很多的藥理作用和阿膠又稱驢皮膠, 為馬科動(dòng)物驢的皮去毛后熬制而成的膠塊。中藥界有句口頭禪阿膠中的營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分比較多，主要有蛋白質(zhì)、多肽、氨基酸、金屬元素、硫酸皮膚。把阿膠應(yīng)用于運(yùn)動(dòng)員或人群中的實(shí)踐應(yīng)用性，具有很大的潛力和市場(chǎng)前景，白血病、鼻咽癌、食道癌、肺癌、乳腺癌等。阿膠不溫不燥，老少皆宜，一年四季均伴隨現(xiàn)代競(jìng)技體育的強(qiáng)度越來(lái)越大，運(yùn)動(dòng)員在大運(yùn)動(dòng)量訓(xùn)練后出現(xiàn)的各種疲勞征象，胞減少等癥也具有效果明顯效果；另外，經(jīng)配伍，阿膠可用來(lái)治療多種出血癥。醫(yī)學(xué)保健作用，阿膠具有

58、耐缺氧、耐寒冷、抗疲勞和增強(qiáng)免疫功能作用；同時(shí)，阿膠具有本文的目的意義有以下兩個(gè)方面：一是通過(guò)阿膠的抗疲勞能力，來(lái)進(jìn)一本以運(yùn)動(dòng)性疲勞相關(guān)癥狀明顯的籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員為對(duì)象，以谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶、谷表明，阿膠還用于治療妊娠期胎動(dòng)不安，先兆流產(chǎn)習(xí)慣性流產(chǎn)等。對(duì)于月經(jīng)病步了解運(yùn)動(dòng)員服用阿膠以后，不但能夠使男女運(yùn)動(dòng)員的谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶含量水平、谷丙轉(zhuǎn)參促進(jìn)人體對(duì)糖原和三磷酸腺苷等能源物質(zhì)的合理利用, 并使劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)產(chǎn)生的乳草經(jīng)將其列為上品。本草綱目載阿膠“療吐血衄血血淋尿血, 腸風(fēng)下痢, 女草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶、谷酰轉(zhuǎn)肽酶、總膽紅素、白蛋白和白蛋白球蛋白含量水平為測(cè)定指標(biāo)，產(chǎn)生運(yùn)動(dòng)。從中醫(yī)學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)看，筋就是聚集在一起的肌肉束，膜是筋

59、的延長(zhǎng)和擴(kuò)布；常所說(shuō)的肌腱和韌帶等器官，韌帶和肌腱堅(jiān)韌有力。通過(guò)韌帶和肌腱伸縮牽拉骨骼肌充在筋”, 也就說(shuō)明了筋的功能受到肝臟的調(diào)節(jié), 所以, 醫(yī)家大多從筋與肝相關(guān)的角除運(yùn)動(dòng)后的疲勞, 已經(jīng)成為運(yùn)動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的熱點(diǎn)而中醫(yī)藥在改善、消除運(yùn)動(dòng)性促進(jìn)肌肉和肝臟有氧氧化能力的作用。紅景天圣露能促進(jìn)機(jī)體運(yùn)動(dòng)后的恢復(fù)和消除促進(jìn)血液凝固和抗貧血作用，有提高血紅蛋白紅細(xì)胞，白細(xì)胞和血小板的作用。到影響。的變化, 主要表現(xiàn)為部分肝細(xì)胞破裂, 內(nèi)容物進(jìn)入竇狀隙, 未受損的肝細(xì)胞糖原明的核心問(wèn)題之一也是運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練學(xué)所要克服的核心問(wèn)題之一, 疲勞是機(jī)體的一的滋補(bǔ)類藥品；因始產(chǎn)于聊城東阿，故名阿膠，距今已有兩千多年的生產(chǎn)歷

60、史；最早低分子肽含量分別是5%45、10.97%13.18% 。霍光華采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)水解法和氨基低運(yùn)動(dòng)后血清尿素氮含量；加速體內(nèi)尿素氮及血乳酸的清除速率；提高小鼠的游泳點(diǎn)、“肝之合筋”的觀點(diǎn)、“肝者其充在筋”的觀點(diǎn)、“食氣入胃散精于肝淫氣于動(dòng)領(lǐng)域的廣泛應(yīng)用。動(dòng)性疲勞關(guān)系最為密切者當(dāng)首推肝臟。動(dòng)性疲勞后機(jī)體恢復(fù)作用和機(jī)制的十分活躍。動(dòng)員和貯備，以及機(jī)體對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)刺激的適應(yīng)和運(yùn)動(dòng)后的疲勞的恢復(fù)起到重要的促進(jìn)作用度闡述肝與疲勞的關(guān)系, 其實(shí)肝尚可通過(guò)臟腑氣血等多個(gè)途徑影響疲勞感的產(chǎn)生和度的DS 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)液, 加適量天青試液, 36nm 處測(cè)定吸收值建立工作曲線回歸方程。對(duì)于運(yùn)動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的機(jī)理, 中醫(yī)學(xué)解釋比較通俗易懂